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CFD ANALYSIS ON CONICAL AND BELL NOZZLE

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com June 2017, Volume 5, Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

CFD ANALYSIS ON CONICAL AND BELL NOZZLE

A. Chandhra Shekhar1 S. Bhargava Satvik Sarma2 R. Likhith Rana Govind2
Asst. Prof., B.Tech Student B.Tech Student
Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical
Engineering Engineering Engineering
ICFAI Foundation for Higher ICFAI Foundation for Higher ICFAI Foundation for Higher
Education Education Education
Hyderabad, Telangana, India Hyderabad, Telangana, India Hyderabad, Telangana, India

ABSTRACT

Nozzle is the device which is used to control speed, rate of flow and pressure of stream exhaust from them. Nozzle
are of different shapes but most used nozzle types are conical and bell nozzle. The present paper deals with the CFD
analysis of conical and bell type nozzle from which the better nozzle among them will be suggested. The analysis has
been performed on Ansys 18 AIM using geometric considerations like pressure, velocity and temperature.

Key Words: CFD, Bell nozzle, Conical nozzle.

INTRODUCTION: Nozzle are generally of circular cross section and they

consist of converging, throat and diverging sector. Nozzle
NOZZLE: throat is the most important to achieve high performance.
The wall surface of nozzle should be smooth and shiny to
Nozzle is a device which increases the velocity of the
minimize friction, adsorption, radiation and convective
fluid at the expense of pressure. It is part of rocket which
heat transfer
is used for expansion of combustion gases from it so that
it can produce maximum thrust. Nozzle converts pressure Based on the configurations nozzles are divided into
energy into kinetic energy. During combustion of fuel the
chemical energy is converted into thermal and pressure 1. Convergent
energy. The gases of such high pressure expand through 2. Divergent
nozzle where the pressure energy is converted into kinetic 3. Conical
energy producing maximum thrust force. Nozzle should 4. Convergent and Divergent
serve two purposed one is to control back pressure and 5. Contoured
second is to convert pressure energy to kinetic energy and
thereby increasing the exit velocity. Based on shape they are classified as

Generally, there are three types of nozzles conical nozzle, 1. Conical

bell nozzle and Aerospike nozzles. The variety of flow 2. Bell
field can be generated among these nozzles. 3. Annular Nozzle

In this paper, I had analyzed the nozzle on assumption of CONICAL NOZZLE

isentropic flow of ideal gas.
It is simple in construction, it gets from the name from the
CONFIGURATION OF NOZZLE wall that diverge in constant angle. Conical nozzle is
heavier, longer and most complex to build. At the other
extreme, size and weight are minimized by a large nozzle

952 A. Chandhra Shekhar, S. Bhargava Satvik Sarma, R. Likhith Rana Govind

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com June 2017, Volume 5, Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

wall angle. Unfortunately, large angles reduce  Detailed information on space and time
performance at low altitude because the high ambient  No effects on scaling
pressure causes overexpansion and flow separation.
ANALYSIS
BELL NOZZLE
CONICAL NOZZLE
This is most commonly used nozzle and has more
advantages than conical nozzle. Near the throat, the BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
nozzle diverges at a relatively large angle but the degree
Flow Pressure Gauge total 3E+05 Pa
of divergence tapers off further downstream. Near the pressure Inlet
nozzle exit, the divergence angle is very small. In this Flow Pressure Gauge static 0 Pa
pressure Outlet
way, the bell is a compromise between the two extremes Flow Option at wall No slip
of the conical nozzle since it minimizes weight while Material Air Ideal Gas
maximizing performance. The most important design CFD RESULTS
issue is to contour the nozzle to avoid oblique shocks and
maximize performance. However, we must remember that
the final bell shape will only be the optimum at one
particular altitude.
Table 1
- INLET AND OUTLET TEMPERATURES FOR CONICAL
IMPORTANCE OF NOZZLE NOZZLE

 Nozzle converts pressure energy into kinetic

energy and accelerated device
 Nozzle provides necessary thrust force.
Table 2 - VELOCITY IN CONICAL NOZZLE
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMCIS:

There are two types of analysis in engineering sciences

namely theoretical and experimental. Computational fluid
dynamics which is now called as CFD is defined as a set
of algorithms that provides numericalsimulations for the
fluid flow. The word simulation states that we use
computer to solve governing equations associated with
the fluid flow. Here whole problem can be visualized
using computer graphical interface. Figure 1
CONICAL NOZZLE CFD
NEED OF CFD

 To analyze the performance

BELL NOZZLE:
 To get accurate results
 To perform tests which cannot be performed in BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
laboratories
Flow Pressure Gauge total 3E+05 Pa
pressure Inlet
LIMITATIONS OF CFD Flow Pressure Gauge static 0 Pa
pressure Outlet
 Results accuracy depends on the boundary Flow Option at wall No slip
conditions given Material Air Ideal Gas

953 A. Chandhra Shekhar, S. Bhargava Satvik Sarma, R. Likhith Rana Govind

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com June 2017, Volume 5, Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

Maximum Temperature at outlet for bell nozzle = 2502.9

o
C
CFD RESULTS
The bell nozzle can handle higher temperature.

Maximum Velocity for conical nozzle = 1435 ms-1

Maximum Velocity for bell nozzle = 1588.2 ms-1

Table 3 - INLET AND OUTLET TEMPERATURES FOR BELL The conical nozzle can handle higher velocities.
NOZZLE

CONCLUSION:

Looking at the results of conical and bell nozzle we

suggest bell nozzle to be most suitable for the high
temperature applications as it can withstand larger amount
Table 4 - VELOCITY IN BELL NOZZLE of temperature than conical.

If higher velocities are the base of the nozzle then conical

nozzles are suggestible as it can take higher altitudes and
higher velocities

REFERANCES

1. Daniel S. Jones, J. H. Conceptual Design for a

Dual-Bell Rocket Nozzle System Using a NASA
F-15 Airplane as the Flight Testbed.

Figure 2 - BELL NOZZLE CFD ANALYSIS 2. Hagemann, G. (1998). Advanced Rocket

Nozzles. JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND
POWER .

3. Lakshmi, M. K. (n.d.). Modeling and Simulation

of Supersonic Nozzle Using Computational
Fluid Dynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
RESULTS REVIEW: & MAGZINE OF ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY .
Maximum Temperature at outlet for conical nozzle =
2473.4 oC 4. Nguyen, B.-A. B. ( 2015). ANALYSIS OF
FLOW IN CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT
ROCKET ENGINE NOZZLE USING
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS.

954 A. Chandhra Shekhar, S. Bhargava Satvik Sarma, R. Likhith Rana Govind

 International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences

www.ijetmas.com June 2017, Volume 5, Issue 6, ISSN 2349-4476

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of 6. SrinivasaRao, B. K. ANALYSIS OF DUAL

SCIENTIFIC PAPER .
5. Parasa Lakshmana Kumar, G. (2016). CFD
Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle withFour Inlets at
Mach 2.1. International Journal of Science
Engineering and Advance Technology .
BELL ROCKET NOZZLE USING
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS.
7. Thaker, D. R. FLOW ANALYSIS OF ROCKET
NOZZLE USING METHOD OF
CHARACTERISTICS. INTERNATIONAL
CONFERANCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN
ENGINEERING SCIENCE. PUNJAB.

955 A. Chandhra Shekhar, S. Bhargava Satvik Sarma, R. Likhith Rana Govind

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