SAS 3

1. C

RATIONALE – The role of the nurse in drug therapy with penicillin involves careful history taking to
assess for previous reactions to penicillin.

2. D

RATIONALE – Antibiotics promote the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains by killing

populations of bacteria that are sensitive to the drug. The only bacteria remaining are those cells that
possess mutations that made them insensitive to the effects of the antibiotic.

3. C

RATIONALE – The nurse should obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before the start of antibiotic
therapy. Laboratory tests should be performed before beginning the anti-infective therapy, but the
organism does not have to be identified before starting medication.

4. A

RATIONALE- A superinfection is a side effect of antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic destroys the body's
normal flora, resulting in another infection.

5. B

RATIONALE – Many people will discontinue medication after improvement is noted. All antibiotics must
be completed in their entirety to prevent reoccurrence of infection.

6. C

RATIONALE – Selective toxicity refers to an antibiotic that has the ability to injure only invading
microbes, not the host. Conjugation is the process through which DNA coding for drug resistance is
transferred from one bacterium to another. Antibiotics do not suppress bacterial resistance, but rather
promote the emergence of drug-resistant microbes. Antibiotics that are narrow spectrum are active
against only a few microbes.

7. B

RATIONALE – Antibiotic therapy can destroy the normal flora of the body, which normally would inhibit
the overgrowth of fungi and yeast. When the normal flora is decreased, these organisms can overgrow
and cause a new infection, or superinfection.

8. D

RATIONALE – This drug has the ability to cause permanent mottling and discoloration of teeth, and
therefore it is not good for children under 8 years of age.

9. D
RATIONALE – This anti-infective is noted for toxic effects on kidneys and vestibular apparatus. Clients
should be monitored for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity during and after therapy. Hearing loss can occur
after therapy.

10. D

RATIONALE – Fluoroquinolones should not be given with multivitamins or mineral supplements,

because they can reduce absorption of the antibiotic by as much as 90%.

11. A

RATIONALE – An adverse effect of this drug is the formation of crystals in the urine.

12. B

RATIONALE – This antibiotic collect in the 8th cranial nerve causing neurotoxicity as manifested by
dizziness, vertigo, and loss of hearing.

13. B

RATIONALE – All other options are correct but it is best to address the main cause of the patient’s
manifestations. Elderly patients are more sensitive to neurologic and GI adverse effects of drugs.

14. C

RATIONALE – Its toxicity includes ototoxicity, renal failure, and red man syndrome characterized by
erythema on the neck and back, paresthesia, chills, severe hypotension, and fever.

15. D

RATIONALE – anyone and everyone along the chain of prescribing and administering a medication can
be liable for prescription drug errors.