Assignment 13

The Journey of Six-Sigma

Instructions:
1. Total No. of Questions: 25. Each question carries one point.
2. All questions are objective type. Only one answer is correct per numbered item.
3. In the questions 7, 9, 20 and 25 a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
reason (R). Mark the correct choice
4. Questions no. 10 and 11 are common data question

1. Four-Sigma is a managerial approach designed to create processes resulting in at most

how many defects?
a) 3.4 defect per million
b) 233 defect per million
c) 6210 defect per million
d) 66807 defect per million

2. A graphical plot indicating the Hazard rate, Z (t) against the time (t) is called
a) Failure density curve
b) Hazard rate curve
c) Bath-tub curve
d) None of these

3. Match the followings

Technical tools in Six-sigma Description
a) Brainstorming 1) A picture showing the dependency of a result or effect and its
possible causes
b) Fishbone diagram 2) Statistical methods used in data analysis helpful in Six Sigma
c) Pareto chart 3) A method to generate ideas or to locate probable causes of a
problem.
d) Histograms, DOE, 4) A graphical display of the relative frequency or importance of
correlation plots problems
a) a-4, b-2, c-3, d-1
b) a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2
c) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
d) a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1

4. The main purpose of measure phase of DMAIC is to:

a) Find route cause
b) Develop solutions
c) Determine the customer requirements
d) Set baseline data to understand how the process is currently performing

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5. Find the reliability of the system shown in the following figure, where R1, R2…R7 is the
reliabilities of respective component.
(R1= 0.9, R2=0.95, R3=0.8, R4=0.99, R5=0.89, R6=0.88, R7=0.85)

a) 0.855
b) 0.839
c) 0.524
d) 0.996

6. Read the following statements carefully. Mark the correct choice

Statement 1: Fool proofing technique is used for total quality management to
achieve zero defects
Statement 2: Zero Defects is a widely accepted and understandable concept
Statement 3: Zero defects theory ensures that there is no waste existing in a
project
a) Only statement 1 is correct
b) Statement 2 and 3 is correct
c) Only statement 2 is correct
d) Statement 1, 2 and 3 is correct

7. Assertion (A): The fundamental objective of the Six Sigma methodology is the
implementation of a measurement-based strategy that focuses on process improvement
and variation reduction through the application of Six Sigma improvement projects.
Reason (R): The Six Sigma DMAIC process is an improvement system for existing
processes falling below specification and looking for incremental improvement.
a) Both A and R are true, and A is the followed by R
b) Both A and R are true, but A is not followed by R
c) A is true, But R is false
d) Both A and R are false

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8. Operational Availability (AO ) is equal to

MTBF MTBM
a) Ao = b) Ao
MTBM + MDT MTBM + MDT

MTBF MTBF
c) Ao = d) Ao
MTBM + MTTR MTBF + MTTR

Where MTBF = Mean time between failures

MTBM= Mean time between maintenance
MDT= Mean down time
MTTR= Mean time to repair

9. Assertion (A): Process elements required for Six-Sigma are strong leadership, good
training, customer focus, and overall cultural change.
Reason (R): Human elements required for Six-Sigma are ANOVA, disciplined approach,
quantitative measures, and statistical methods.

a) Both A and R are true, and A is the followed by R

b) Both A and R are true, but A is not followed by R
c) A is true, But R is false
d) Both A and R are false

Common Data Questions: Questions 10 and 11

10. If a piece of equipment has operated for 8000 hrs. with four failure, then MTBF will be
a) 2000 hrs.
b) 4000 hrs.
c) 6000 hrs.
d) 8000 hrs.

11. The probability that the equipment will function continuously without failure for 2000 hrs. is
a) 0.2
b) 0.368
c) 1.0
d) 0.819

12. The main purpose of analyse phase of DMAIC is to:

a) Create a pilot plan
b) Identify and validate root cause
c) Identify possible solutions
d) All of the above

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13. Following figure represent the comparison of 3 Sigma and 6 Sigma. Symbol A and B
represents

a)
A- 6 sigma curve, where values are widely
spread along center line, showing higher
variation of the process
B- 3 sigma curve, where values are closer
to the center line showing less variation in
the process
c)
A- 3 sigma curve, where values are closer
to the center line showing less variation in
the process
B- 6 sigma curve, where values are widely
spread along center line, showing higher
variation of the process
b)
A- 6 sigma curve, where values are closer
to the center line showing less variation in
the process
B- 3 sigma curve, where values are widely
spread along center line, showing higher
variation of the process
d)
A- 3 sigma curve, where values are widely
spread along center line, showing higher
variation of the process
B- 6 sigma curve, where values are closer
to the center line showing less variation in
the process

14. If you have a product which has 25 defects in a week and during that period if there were
120 units manufactured with each unit having 6 opportunities for defects, then the
observed defects per million opportunities (DPMO) is:
a) 347222.2 defects per million opportunities
b) 34722.22 defects per million opportunities
c) 3472.222 defects per million opportunities
d) 3472222 defects per million opportunities

15. A sample of 50 cell phones finds that 3 of them are defective. The Parts per Million
(PPM) defective is then
a) 600000 PPM defective
b) 6000 PPM defective
c) 60000 PPM defective
d) 600 PPM defective

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16. Building ‘critical to quality’ (CTQ) measures begins with:
a) Selecting a Black Belt to work on the project.
b) Sending a customer survey to all customers.
c) Meeting with the Process Owner.
d) Developing a customer-focused business strategy.

17. When considering sources of variation, the objective is to eliminate the root cause of
defects. The term Y = f (X) relates to process variables. Which statement is true?
a) Y relates to CTQ and X is the process factors influencing it
b) X relates to CTQ and Y is the process factors influencing it
c) Y relates to process variables and x relates to input and output variables.
d) None of the above

18. Match the followings

Avatars of Six-sigma Description
a) As a methodology 1) To prioritize the resources for project that will improve the
system performance
b) As a matrix 2) A business improvement process that focuses on
understanding and managing customer requirements
c) As a management 3) It is used in situations where you have access to limited
system resources like money, time, and people (employees)
a) a-1, b-2, c-3
b) a-2, b-3, c-1
c) a-1, b-3, c-2
d) a-3, b-1, c-2

19. Read the following statements carefully. Mark the correct choice
Statement 1: A Six Sigma Green Belt is a full-time quality professional who is
mentored by a master black belt, but may report to a manager, for his or her tour
of duty as a green belt.
Statement 2: A Master Black Belt (MBB) takes on a leadership role as keeper of
the Six Sigma process; the MBB people do most of their time consulting,
monitoring and training work.
Statement 3: A Six Sigma black belt is an individual who works on projects
part-time (25%), either as a team member for complex projects, or as a project
leader for simpler projects.
a) Only statement 2 is correct
b) Only statement 1 is correct
c) Only statement 3 is correct
d) Statement 1,2 and 3 is correct

20. Assertion (A): Six-sigma champions undergo five days of training and are taught how to
manage projects and act as advisor to various project terms
Reason (R): A champions involvement and cooperation is necessary for project success
a) Both A and R are true, and A is the followed by R
b) Both A and R are true, but A is not followed by R
c) A is true, But R is false
d) Both A and R are false

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21. A commonly-used stratification tool is known as
a) Histogram
b) Deployment Flowchart
c) Pareto
d) Sigma

22. Product cost can be reduced by considering the following aspect(s) at the design stage
a) Minimum number of operations
b) Unnecessary tight tolerance should not be provided
c) Design should consist of standard parts
d) All of the above

23. An approach that starts with a failure or potential failure and works backward is:
a) Failure mode and effect analysis
b) Fault tree analysis
c) Accident investigation
d) All of the above

24. Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) provide a checklist procedure. Which of the
following questions is NOT likely to feature on the checklist?
a) What would be the cost of avoiding failure be?
b) What would the consequences of the failure be?
c) What is the likelihood that failure will occur?
d) How likely is such a failure to be detected before it affects the customer?

25. Assertion (A): Design for manufacturability is the general engineering art of designing
products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture.
Reason (R): Maintainability is the probability of performing a successful repair action
within a given time
a) Both A and R are true, and A is the followed by R
b) Both A and R are true, but A is not followed by R
c) A is true, But R is false
d) Both A and R are false

Answers Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c c b d b b a a d a

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
b b d b c d a b a c

21 22 23 24 25
c d b a b