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Scientific Research Methods

HWRE 7042

Dr. Abebe Worku

6. Research Report

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Presentation of Data
• Data can be presented in various forms. Each
form depends on the set of data and how the
researcher wants to present them to convey his
thoughts. Data can be presented in:
• Tables
• Figures -Graphs/Charts/Maps/Diagrams
• Use of words (non-tabular presentation)

Interpretation

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Interpretation
• It refers the task drawing inference from the
collected facts and after analyzing and/or
experimental studies .
• It is a search for a broader meaning of the
findings
• Interpretation is the device through which the
factors that sums to explain what has observed by
the researcher in the course of the study can be
better understood and
• It also provides a theoretical conception which
can serve as a guide for further research

Why is interpretation
Interpretation is important because,
• The usefulness and utility of research findings lies
in the proper interpretation.
• It is through interpretation that the researcher can
well understand the abstract principles that works
beneath his finding.
• Interpretation tends to explanatory concepts that
can serve as a guide for future studies.
• The research can be appreciated only through his
interpretation of the finding.

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Techniques of interpretation
• Give researchable explanation of the
relationship found.
• If Extraneous information was collected
during the study must be considered while
interpreting the final result.
• Consult some who has experience before
interpreting.
• Must interpret only relevant factors.

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

• Final chapter of research work
• Summarises the main findings of the study and the
conclusion that has to be drawn
• Suggestions you make in relation to the study.

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Research Reporting

Research Reporting
• It is the oral and written presentation of evidence and the
findings in such a way that it is readily understood and
assessed by the reader and enables him to verify the
validity of the conclusion
• It is the culmination of research investigation at the stage
of reporting the research
• -Assembles the findings of the study
• -Draws conclusion and evaluation of the findings
• It is the end of the research activity
• Perfection in the research work is achieved by
continuous and persistent through and creating and
intelligence writing
• No research project is completed without report.
• The nature of the report is determined by the project
itself.
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Structure of thesis/Report

Introduction Methodology
•Background •Sampling
•Problem Statement •Instrumentation (survey, questionnaire etc)
•Objectives
•Research Question/Hypothesis
•Research Design
•Justification of study
•Limitation and delimitation
Results &Discussion
•Data Analysis/Presentation
•Using Research Questions/Hypothesis as a guide
•Discuss using theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Literature Review
•International discourse
•Continental Discourse
•National Discourse
•Local Discourse
•Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Conclusion/Recommendation
•Summaries of the study in the context of the
problem statement
•Suggestion are recommended
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Writing the research report

• A research work is not complete until the results are

written

• Reports must be based on the field work or

information you collect in connection with the study.

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Report Writing Cont’

• Major components of the report are:
– Introduction (problem context, statement of problem)
– Review of related literature
– Methodology (research design, sample/sampling,
instruments)
– Presentation and Analysis of data/findings (data
organisation, statistics, presentation of data)
– Summary, main conclusions and recommendations

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Report Writing Cont’

• Other important aspects of the report are
• Use of appropriate language
• Typing
• Presentation of tables and figures

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Writing / Preparing Assignment

1. Preliminary Pages
• Cover page
• Table of Content
• Abstract/ Executive Summary
2. Main Pages
• Introduction
• Main text/body
– Part 1
– Part 2
– etc
• conclusion
3. Supplementary Pages
• Reference
• Appendices

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Significance of Report Writing

• It is the major component of the study
• The most striking generalization and are of
little value unless they are effectively
communicated to other
• The purpose of the research is not well served
unless the findings are made known to others
• Research results must invariably enter the
general store of knowledge.

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Types of Reports
• Main Report
• Short Report:-When the problem is well defined e.g. mostly
informational, progress, and interim reports
• Long Report:-
-Technical Report- written for an audience of researchers
-Management report-written for the non-technically
oriented managers or clients
Research Synopsis:- outline of the research work or project
-Research report or thesis
-Research summary- condenced from the
research
-Research abstract- to be published in journals

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Classification of report Technical report

• Technical report : written to fellow researchers and should be organized
in different footing
• The search is expected to give full account of the technical
work, the methods employed, the conceptual and analytical
framework and sample design and ad quant explanation. it
consists major findings and contents, nature of the research
work, Research methodology, data analysis, presentation of
finding , main conclusions, bibliography and technical
appendix
• Popular report (management Report): Stress on simplicity
and attractiveness.
• It is written clearly with minimum statistical details, liberal use
of charts, and diagrams.
• It has attractive layout, large print size, may subheadings
• Outlines- major findings, follow-up actions, objective of the study,
methods, results and appendixes
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Stages in writing Report

1. Logical analysis of the subject matter
2. Preparations of the final outline
3. Preparation of the final rough draft
4. Rewriting and polishing of the rough draft
5. Preparation of the final bibliography

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• Follow the University of Gondar: Institute of

Technology Research protocol

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