Effective Presentation

6/30/2022
Scientific Research Methods

HWRE 7042
Dr. Abebe Worku
Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.
Effective presentation
PUBLIC SPEAKING IS THE

PROCESS OR ACT OF
PERFORMING A SPEECH TO
A LIVE AUDIENCE.
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Successful Presentation
 A presentation is a public demonstration of

the results of a research project, or a
scientific or commercial product.
 It is a great chance to further your career.
 Most presentations, however, are poorly
conceived and poorly delivered, so if you are
one of those who do it right, you will stand out from
the pack and be chosen for key projects.
Why do you need to speak?
ካለመናገር ደጃዝማችነት ይቀራል!

 Publications lag 1-2 years behind discovery
 Talks at scientific meetings are current
Speaking is the best way of communication.
You can create a lasting impression.
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Why do you need to speak?
 Your future job depends on talks

 You are evaluated by everyone as student
 Your talks reflect your work
 You will give candidate talks
 Interviews
Interviewers make conclusions in first 3 minutes
An overview
 Imagine you are
going to make a
presentation soon.
Obviously, you want
to get it right.
 What points do you need
to consider?
 Who?
 What?
 When ?
 How?
Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe

W.
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A presenter is an actor
Successful Presentation
 Know Your Audience

 Established your objective/Have a clear
structure
 Timing
 Language/delivery
Preparation is
 Presentation aids
the key
 Fear
element
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Know Your Audience
Know Your Audience
 What is their knowledge of

terminology?
 How fast can they pick up Of course, this
new ideas? information may
 How wide is their not be easy to
concentration span?
establish and you
 What are their
expectations? may have to make
 What do they need to several
know? assumptions and
 What are they interested
in? deductions
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Know Your Audience

 Experts
✓ Eliminate introductory
material
✓ focus on the
“interesting” results
 Novices (beginners)
✓ Assume your audience
is intelligent but knows
nothing
✓ 80% of material should
be introductory
Demonstrative Example
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Establish Your Objectives
 Think about why you are making the presentation.

Is it:
✓ To inform?
✓ To persuade?
✓ To entertain?
You will often have a mixture of some or all of these
objectives

W.
Content
The content of your presentation should be prepared and

structured based on the set objectives
Remember !
You set objectives to accomplish them.
Therefore accomplish your objectives
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Content
Plan your presentation carefully

 Basic structure of a presentation:
 1. Introduction
 2. Main part (body)
 3. Conclusion
 4. Question & Answer session
Your presentation must tell a story. At

this stage you are like a screen-writer,
someone who is writing a play.
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Choosing and organizing the content

What are you trying to tell the audience?
✓ Tell them what you are going to tell them?
✓ tell them what you told them?
Write a basic outline
Keep it simple
✓ Make a rough draft with slides Cut what is
Figure out how many slides you can use not necessary
✓ Slides without graphics - at least 30 sec
✓ Slides with graphics - at least 1 min
 Introduction is probably the most

important part. The Purpose of the
Structure introduction is “to tell the audience
what you are going to tell them”. You
should remember that there is no
second chance for a first bad
impression. If you start off badly you
will spoil everything.
Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr.

Abebe W.
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 ”Good morning, ladies and

gentlemen. I am Pepito Pérez. And
I’d like to tell you something about
my Ph.D. project at the Group of
Water resources management at
the University of Bahir Dar. My talk
today is on Tana-Basin water
shead. I will start with an
Introduction, then explain the
Pseudo experimental techniques, before
presenting the most important
message results and drawing a few
conclusions So let’s start with the
Introduction

W.
Delivery
 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

 Welcome to my presentation.
 It’s very nice to see you all here today.
 Can we get started?
 Let me say just a few words about my background...
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Making an effective opening
There are several ways how to attract the audience right from
the beginning. Think of one of the following techniques to
introduce your talk:
✓ facts.(Did you know that ...)
✓ Give them a story or a personal anecdote (stories always atract
attention)
✓ Give them a problem to think about
✓ Use a citation (if you want to start on a more philosophical
note)
✓ Make a funny remark (but be careful with humour, not all
jokes work well)
✓ Record a music piece perhaps (if appropriate for the topic)
Timing
You must time
your
presentation
carefully.
Going overtime
is a discourtesy
to the audience
and to the
speakers
following you.
And what could be more embarrassing than the
chairperson having to stop you before you have
presented your conclusions
W.
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Use the right kind of language
 Your presentation will  Shorter sentences

be more effective if you  Use simpler vocabulary
use the same everyday and simpler arguments
language you use to  Adopt a more personal
explain things to a style
colleague in the lab..
 Remember you have one
chance to speak!
Speak to express not to impress !
Body Language
 How important do you think body language is for the

impact of a presentation on an audience?
✓Content
✓Tone
Out of 100 %?
✓Body language
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Body Language
Content 7 %
Tone of voice 38 %
Body Language 55 %
Body Language
 There is an invisible "line of terror". Don't stay behind

this line if you don't have to: If you want to connect with
your audience, they must feel not only that you are
comfortable with them, but that you are happy to be with
them. So you must cross this “line of terror” at the
beginning of your presentation.
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Body Language
Non verbal communication

(body language) is important
because it reinforces verbal
communication. You should
especially think about
 Eye Contact
 Facial Expression
 Your hands Movement
 Your posture
Moving is normal
 Some presenters move naturally; others grow roots. If you

don’t move, you:
 Convey a sense of discomfort
 Make it impossible for some people to see your visuals
Senseless movement is distracting, but often you need to
move:
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Body Language
Use your hands  Pronouns

 Your arms and hands are
tools of expression; use
 Counting expressions
them to enhance your  Descriptive
message. When you expressions
practice your talk, look for
"movement" words-words  Action verbs
or expressions that you can
 Prepositions of
intensify with a gesture.
movement
Body Language
Smile
 A smile is the greatest connector of
all. Maybe there is nothing funny
about your subject, but the secret is to
derive the smile not from the subject
matter but from the pleasure of being
with your audience.
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Gesture speaks a
lot posture
Voice
 Remember people at the back but don't shout;

 Vary the pace. If you talk slowly the whole time, the
audience will soon begin to daydream; if you talk fast
from start to finish, you'll lose them too. Again, variety is
the key. Slow down (and speak louder) for important
points, and hurry through routine material.
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6/30/2022
Voice
 If you lose track for a few seconds, don’t fill the air with
nervous noises like ‘erm’ or filler words like ‘I mean’ or
‘you know’. Just pause calmly until you’re back on track.
 Practice certain words before the presentation if you
anticipate difficulty in pronouncing them
Delivery
 You should address the audience

 If your listeners do not feel that you are talking to them
personally, they might think they should have stayed at
home and just listened to a recording of your presentation
So:
 Speak directly to the audience
 Speak clearly
 Speak at the right speed
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Lulling an audience to sleep
 Wear a dark suit and a conventional tie

 Display a crowded slide and leave it in place
 Stand still
 Read your paper without looking up
 Read steadily with no changes in intonation
 Show no picture
 Use grandiloquent words and long sentences
What else ?
Audience attention
If the audience loses their attention for some reason, they can easily catch up
with the speaker during one of the intermediate summaries. The main
advantage of this approach is that every important item is spoken several
times. Repeating the essential points is the key to communicating your
message.
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Presentation Aids
 A brilliant speaker can Visual aids
communicate effectively  Help the audience
without using visual aids, and understand the topic better
a disastrous one can make a  Provide authenticity
bad presentation even worse
 Add varitiey
by mismanaging them. Most
of us lie somewhere between  Presentation will have a
“brilliant” and “disastrous” lasting impact
and need to make the most
effective use of the best visual
aids available. When used
effectively, visual aids can:
Presentation Aids
 Graphics
 Video clips
 Sound clips
 ………….use based on necessity
Power Point
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Additional points to consider

 There are many other  it’s a good idea to
parameters to consider, arrive in plenty of
as important as the time to check that
others. everything is
 Know your location working properly
 Dressing
and make sure that
you have a backup
 Plan B
ready, just in case
the worst happens
Fear
Facts about Public Speaking
Anxiety
Public Speaking remains

the #1 phobia.
1. Glossophobia – Public
Speaking
2. Necrophobia – Fear of
Death
3. Arachnophobia – Fear of
Spiders
4. Achluphobia – Fear of
Darkness
5. Acrophobia – Fear of
Heights
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Fear
2. Social phobias,
regardless of which
they are, begin with
shyness in childhood
3. While fear of public
speaking is common,
it leads to lack of
success when we do
nothing about it.
4. Three out of four
individuals suffer
from speech anxiety
Fear
 Public speech fear is
quite common.
Tips
 Practice
 Know fear is healthy and
normal
It is not  Believe you can do it
only you!  Take a deep breath
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Practice makes Perfect
We are what we repeatedly

do, Excellence is not an act,
yet a habit”
Some
people say,
“a man with
power point
has no
point”
Prove them
they are
wrong
Death by power point
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Power point
1. Use a san s seri f f on t e.G. Ari al

2.Use b ol d f ace typ e
3 . Ch oose a si ze th at i s easy to read (36 – 18 p oi n t,
p ref erab l y 24 )
4 . Ch oose a col or comb i n ati on th at i s easy to read
an d p l easi n g to th e eye ( i .E . Yel l ow on b l u e)
5. 5 -8 l i n es p er sl i d e
Power point
 Keep it simple
 The number of
 Visible graphs, tables,
slides is not the figures
problem. The  Graphics with small
description
content per
slide is the
problem.
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Power point
7. Make the headline a sentence and keep it left -

justified
8. Make 3 lines the maximum for blocks of text
9. Try to include an image on every visual
10. Avoid diagrams that are too complex
11. Avoid long bulleted lists (keep to two, three or
four items)
12. Try to spend at least one minute on each
visual
Power point
Human brain is attracted You want their
to; attention/focus on a
✓ Big objects point?
✓ Moving objects ✓ Make it bigger
✓ Colorful objects ✓ Colored
✓ Don’t put more than 6
items per slide which you
want your audience to
remember.
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Power point
 Guide the audience with verbal

instructions
• For example, “as you see in the lower left panel of the
slide..”
Think about the best lectures you have

attended!

W.
Ending your talk
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Summary
Remember what irritate people!
 the speaker was nervous

 the speaker was disorganized
 the speaker never looked at me
 the speaker had a bad accent
 the speaker did not sound enthusiastic
 the speaker was monotonous
 the visuals were bad
 I was irritated by his/her clothing
 the speaker was speaking too softly
 the speech was confusing; I didn’t know what he/she was
trying to tell me
26

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6/30/2022

Scientific Research Methods

Dr. Abebe Worku

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

PUBLIC SPEAKING IS THE

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

 A presentation is a public demonstration of

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Why do you need to speak?

ካለመናገር ደጃዝማችነት ይቀራል!

You can create a lasting impression.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Why do you need to speak?

 Your future job depends on talks

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

 Know Your Audience

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Know Your Audience

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Know Your Audience

 What is their knowledge of

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Know Your Audience

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Establish Your Objectives

 Think about why you are making the presentation.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe

The content of your presentation should be prepared and

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Plan your presentation carefully

Your presentation must tell a story. At

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Choosing and organizing the content

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

 Introduction is probably the most

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr.

 ”Good morning, ladies and

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe

 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Making an effective opening

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Use the right kind of language

 Your presentation will  Shorter sentences

Speak to express not to impress !

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

 How important do you think body language is for the

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

 There is an invisible "line of terror". Don't stay behind

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Non verbal communication

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

 Some presenters move naturally; others grow roots. If you

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Use your hands  Pronouns

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.

Tips to a Successful Presentation, Dr. Abebe W.