International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 5, July-August 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

nkSlk ftys esa ty dh leL;k o ¶yksjkbM dk izHkko

nhid dqekj ’kekZ
’kks/kkFkhZ Hkwxksy foHkkx

lkj How to cite this paper: Deepak Kumar

nkSlk ftys esa ikuh dh leL;k o ikuh@ty miyC/k ¶yksjkbM dh leL;k Sharma "Water Problem and Effect of
Hkh ,d xEHkhj leL;k gSA bl {ks= esa Hkwfexr ty L=ksr esa fujUrj Fluoride in Dausa
District" Published in
fxjkoV vk jgh gSA ftldk izeq[k dkj.k Hkwfexr ty dk vfrnksgu o International Journal
ty dk fujUrj vYio`f"Vª dk gksuk D;ksafd ty izd`fr dh vewY; nsu gS of Trend in Scientific
vkSj izR;sd izk.kh tho&tUrq] ouLifr izR;{k :Ik ls bl ij fuHkZj gS rFkk Research and
bl {ks= ds ty esa ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k Hkh vf/kd ikbZ tkrh gSA ftlds Development (ijtsrd),
dkj.k og ty ihus ;ksX; ugha gksrk gS rFkk ¶yksjkbM ;qDr ty ds lsou ISSN: 2456-6470, IJTSRD50623

ls nUr fodkj o vfLFk jksx ls xzflr gks tkrs gSA nkSlk ftys esa ty dh Volume-6 | Issue-5,
August 2022, pp.1206-1209, URL:
leL;k dks nwj djus ds fy, jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl {ks= dks fdlh unh www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50623.pdf
ifj;kstuk ls tksMuk pkfg, rFkk yksxksa dks f’kf{kr o tkx:d djuk
pkfg,A Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
’kCndks"k%& Hkwfexr ty] vfrnksgu] laj{k.k] ¶yksjkbM] MkdZ tksu] Vk¡dkA Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

izLrkouk:&
laiw.kZ fo’o dh tula[;k easa igys dh vis{kk rhoz o`f) gks
jgh gSA vuqeku gS fd bDdhloh lnh ds igys nks n’kdksa
esa ;g yxHkx 8-5 vjc rd igq¡p tk;sxhA Hkkjr esa ty
ij tula[;k dk ncko cgqr vf/kd iM+k gSA D;ksafd ty
gh thou gS vkSj ty ij gh izk.kh &tho txr ouLifr
fuHkZj gS] ty izd`fr dh vewY; nsu gSA
gekjs iqj[kksa us lfn;ks ls c¡wn&c¡wn ikuh cpkdj Hkwty
tek fd;k Fkk o"kZ 2001 esa Hkwty dh ek=k nkSlk nkSlk
ftys esa 2236 fefy;u ?kuehVj Fkh tks Hkwty vfrnksgu
ds dkj.k ikuh dh deh xEHkhj leL;k cu xbZ gSA
nkSlk iapk;r lfefr esa o"kZ 1984 esa Hkwfe esa miyC/k ikuh
dk izfro"kZ 49 izfr’kr gh mi;ksx djrs FksA ysfdu vc
127 izfr’kr nksgu dj jgs gS vFkkZr dqy okf"kZd iquHkZj.k
dh rqyuk esa 18 fefy;u ?kuehVj Hkwty vf/kd fudkyk
tk jgk gSA 1984 esa vkSlr 8 ehVj xgjkbZ ij ikuh
miyC/k Fkk tks vc 36 ehVj rd gks x;k gSA ty izd`fr
dh vewY; nsu gS vkSj thou ek= dk vfLrRo blh ij
fVdk gSA le; ds cnyko ds lkFk&lkFk bl izkd`frd
lalk/ku dk vR;f/kd nksgu gksuk rFkk o"kkZ dh deh ls
izn’s k esa ty ladV ds gkykr lkeus vk jgs gSA
jktLFkku ns’k dk lcls cMk jkT; gS A jkT; esa lrgh
ty dh de miyC/krk ,oa deh ds dkj.k ihus ds ikuh
dh yxHkx 90 izfr’kr ;kstuk,¡ ,oa 60 izfr’kr flapkbZ
dk;Z Hkwty ij vk/kkfjr gSA
Hkwty dh va/kk/kqU/k fudklh rFkk o"kkZ ty ls Hkwty
iquHkZj.k esa fxjkoV ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik izn’s k dk Hkwty Lrj
rsth ls fxjus yxkA
nkSlk ftyk Hkkjr ds jktLFkku jkT; esa fLFkr gS ftldks
jkTkLFkku jkT; ds 29 osa ftys ds :Ik esa 10 vizsy 1991
dks ekU;rk nh xbZA nkSlk ftyk jktLFkku jkT; ds iwoZ esa
*27005* ls *28050* mÙkjh va{kk’k o *75000* ls *76000* iwohZ
ns’kkUrj ij vofLFkr gSA
HkkSxksfyd {ks=Qy dh n`f"Vª ls nkSlk ftyk 3432 oxZ fd-
eh gSA bl ftys ds mÙkj esa vyoj] mÙkj iwoZ esa Hkjriqj]
iwoZ esa djkSyh] lokbZ ek/kksiqj nf{k.k esa Vksad ,oa if’pe esa
t;iqj ftys ls lhek yxrh gS ftys esa 5 mi[k.M ,oa 5
rglhy gS] ftys esa xk¡oksa dh dqy la[;k 1109 gS] ftuesa
1079 xk¡o vkckn ,oa 30 xk¡o xSj vkckn gSA

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50623 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1206
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
v/;;u {ks= dk p;u%&
1) ’kks/kkFkhZ blh ftys dk fuoklh gksus ds dkj.k ftys
dh leLr HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls ifjfpr gSA
2) bl ftys esa ty dh leL;k ds fuokj.k gsrq dksbZ
dk;Z vFkkZr~ ;kstuk,¡ ykxq ugha dh
3) xbZA
4) ftys esa Hkwfexr ty Lrj yxkrkj fxjrk tk jgk gS
ftlus tula[;k ds LFkkukUrj.k dks dkQh izHkkfor
fd;k gSA
5) tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj ftys dh n’kdh; o`f) ij
23-75% jgh gS tks ds jkT; dh vkSlr n’kdh; o`f)
¼21-44%½ ls vf/kd gSA
6) nkSlk ftys dk tula[;k ?kuRo 476 O;fDr izfr
oxZehVj fdyksehVj gksus ls ty lalk/ku ij
tula[;k dk cgqr vf/kd ncko gSA
7) ftys esa ty dk Lrj yxkrkj fxjrk tk jgk gSA
ftldk izR;{k izHkko tula[;k o Hkwfe mi;ksx ij
iM+k gSA
v/;;u dk mn~ns’;%&
 nkSlk ftys esa ty leL;k o mlds mi;ksx esa vk jgs
gS orZeku cnyko dk v/;;u djuk rFkk ty
izcU/ku dk fo’ys"k.k izLrqr djukA
 ftys esa ty dh leL;k ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu HkkSfrd]
vkfFkZd] lkekftd o jktuSfrd dkjdksa dk {ks=h;
vkadyu djukA
 ftys esa ty izcU/ku dks etcwr djus ds fy, fd,
x;s dk;ksZ dh leh{kk djuk o ty ladV ls mRiUu
leL;k dks nwj djus dk iz;kl djukA
nkSlk ftys dh Hkwty fLFkfr%&
lkekU; :Ik ls ,slk ekurs gS fd Hkwfe ds uhps ikrky esa
vFkkg Hkwty gS tks fd ,d Hkze gS vFkkZr xyr /kkj.kk gS
Hkwty dk ,dek= L=ksr o"kkZ ty gSA ftruh o"kkZ gksrh gS
mldk 12 ls 15% izfr’kr ty gh /kjrh esa tkrk gS ,oa
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50623 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022
gesa Hkwty ds :Ik esa miyC/k gksrk gS pV~Vkuh {ks=ksa esa rks
Hkwfew ds uhps tkus okyas o"kkZ ty dh ek=k 12 izfr’kr ls
Hkh de gksrh gSA
 nkSlk ftys dk dqy {ks=Qy 3432 oxZ fdyksehVj gS
,oa vkSlr okf"kZd o"kkZ 605 feyhehVj gSA jsrhys {ks=ksa
esa okf"kZd o"kkZ dk yxHkx 12 izfr’kr ,oa pV~Vkuh
{ks=ksa esa 7 izfr’kr ty gh Hkwfe esa tkrk gS ftlls
yxHkx 252 fefy;u ?kuehVj Hkwty tek gksrk gS
ysfdu 399 fefy;u ?ku ehVj Hkwty dk nksgu dj
jgs gS rFkk ftys esa yxHkx 100 izfr’kr is;ty
;kstuk,¡ ,oa flapkbZ dk;Z Hkwty ij vk/kkfjr gS rFkk
lcls vf/kd ikuh yxHkx 92 izfr’kr d`f"k esa o 7
izfr’kr is;ty esa ,oa ’ks"k m|ksxksa rFkk vU;
xfrfof/k;ksa esa [kpZ gksrk gSA
 ty {ks= esa miyC/k gksus okys Hkwty dk 100 izfr’kr
ls vf/kd nksgu fd;k tk;s rks og {ks= vfrnksfgr
¼MkdZ½ Js.kh esa o`xhd`r fd;k tkrk gSA vFkkZr~ bl
{ks= esa Hkwty dk vfrnksgu gks jgk gSA
 ftys esa o"kZ 1995 esa Hkwty nksgu 82 izfr’kr Fkk tks
orZeku esa c<+dj 158 izfr’kr gks x;k gS ,oa ;g
vfrnksfgr Js.kh esa oxhZd`r gSA ;fn orZeku xfr ls
gh Hkwty nksgu gksrk jgk ,oa bl fn’kk esa dksbZ
lkFkZd iz;kl ugha fd;s x;s rks miyC/k HkaMkj vxys
dqN o"kksaZ esa lekIr gks tk;sxaAs
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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
 nkSlk ftys esa o"kZ 1984 esa vkSlr Hkwty Lrj 8-00  ty izcU/ku esa tu lgHkkfxrk dk vHkko o lekt
ehVj Fkk tks o"kZ 2010 esa fxjdj 48-00 ehVj rd gks dh ljdkj ij c<rh fuHkZjrk] LokFkhZ izo`frA
x;k gSA blls uydwi ,oa dwi lw[k x;s gS ,oa lw[k  xzke &rkykcks]a ckofM;ksa] Vk¡dks tSls ty laj{k.k ds
jgs gS blls xk¡o esa flapkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk is;ty dk izkphu lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx u djuk o Hkwty ds
Hkh ladV iSnk gks x;k gSA vykok ty ds vU; L=ksrksa dk miyC/k u gksukA
 tula[;k o`f) vkSj vU; izdk dh ty vko’;drkvksa Hkwty HkaMkjks ds vfrnksgu ls nq"izHkko%&
esa o`f) ls nkSlk ftyk vR;f/kd ty ladV dh vksj
 Hkwty Lrj esa Hkkjh fxjkoV o dqvk¡] cksjoSy vkfn ds
vxzlj gks jgk gSA jkT; esa izfr O;fDr okf"kZd ty
fMLpktZ esa deh gksuk ,oa budk lw[kuk ftlls
miyC/krk 780 ?kuehVj gS tcfd U;wure vko’;drk
fctyh ij vf/kd [kpkZ] Hkwty xq.koDrk esa fxjkoVA
1000 ?kuehVj vkadh xbZ gSA nkSlk ftys esa dqy 5
iapk;r lfefr;k¡ gSA ckanhdqbZ] nkSlk] ykylksV] egok] ¼v½ nkSlk ftys esa vfrnksgu ls Hkwty Lrj fxjus ds
fldjk; ,oa lHkh iapk;r lfefr vfr nksfgr Js.kh esa dkj.k xgjkbZ es Hkwty [kkjk gksrk tk jgk gS blls [kkjs
gSA ty {ks= esa o`f) gksrh tk jgh gSA
 bl {ks= esa flQZ ck.kxaxk unh gS tks fd cjlkrh unh ¼c½ ftys ds dbZ {ks=ksa esa tSls dksyok] fcokbZ] Hk.Mkuk]
gS rFkk Hkwty Hk.Mkjksa dk iquHkZj.k flQZ o"kkZ ty ls thjksrk vkfn xk¡oksa ds vkl&ikl {ks= ds Hkwty esa
gksrk gSA ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k c<rh tk jgh gS tks fd vf/kdre
lhek ls vf/kd gSA is;ty esa ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k 1-50
 Hkwty Lrj esa fxjkoV izfro"kZ 1-00 ehVj gS vr% ;g feyhxzke izfr yhVj ls vf/kd ugha gksuh pkfg,] blls
{ks= ,d MkdZ Js.kh esa oxhZd`r gSA okf"kZd Hkwty vf/kd gksus ij gM~Mh ,oa nUr tfur chekfj;k¡ gks tkrh
iquHkZj.k 65 feyh;u ?kuehVj gS tcfd izfro"kZ gSA
flapkbZ ihus ,oa vU; mi;ksx gsrq 83 fefy;u
?kuehVj Hkwty tehu esa ls fudkyk tk jgk gSA vr% ¶yksjkbM dh leL;k%&
;fn blh izdkj Hkwty fudkyk tkrk jgk rks 8 ls 10 ¶yksjkbM Hkh ,d ,slk rRo gS ftldh deh nUr{kj.k vkSj
o"kksZa esa {ks= ds Hkwty Hk.Mkj [kRe gks tk;sxaAs gM~fM;ksa ds viw.kZ fodkl tSls jksx iSnk dj ldrh gS rks
nwljh vkSj bldh 15 feyhxzke@yhVj ls vf/kd dh ek=k
?kVrs Hkwty lalk/ku ,oa vfrnksgu ds dkj.k%& le; ds lkFk ’kjhj esa /khjs&/khjs lafpr gksdj nUr vkSj
 Ck<+rh tula[;k izfr O;fDr ty [kir esa o`f)] o`{kksa vfLFk ra=h; ¶yksjksfll iSnk djrh gSA ¶yksjkbM iznw"k.k
dh va/kk/kqa/k dVkbZ ,oa o"kkZ esa dehA ,d xEHkhj i;kZoj.kh; LokLF; leL;k ds :Ik lkeus vk
 Ck<rk ’kgjhdj.k ,oa vkS|ksxhdj.k o Hkwty dk jgk gSA vR;f/kd ¶yksjkbM ;qDr Hkwty o [kkn~; inkFkZ
e’khuksa ,oa fo|qr ;a=ks }kjk va/kk/kqa/k nksgu djukA vkfn dk iz;ksx djus okys yksx nUr o vfLFk jksxksa ls
 bl {ks= esa 100 izfr’kr flapkbZ dk;Z ,oa is;ty ihfMr gks jgs gSA
;kstuk,¡ Hkwty ij vk/kkfjr gS vr% bl gsrq ty ekax fo'o LokLF; laxBu us is;ty esa ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k 1-3
dks iwjk djus fy, Hkwty dk vf/kdkf/kd nksgu fd;k feyhxzke @yhVj fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ ijUrq ¶yksjkbM iznw"k.k
tk jgk gSA izHkkfor jkT;ksa esa ;g ek=k 39 feyhxzke@yhVj rd ikbZ
 miyC/k Hkwty ds vuqlkj mfpr Qlyksa dk pquko xbZA
ugha djuk cfYd vf/kd ikuh ls mxkbZ tkus okyh
Qlyksa dk pquko djukA
¶yksjkbM dk ekuok LokLF; ij izHkko
¶yksjkbM dh ek=k fe-xzk-@yhVj LokLF; ij izHkko
0 iztUku {kerk ij foifjr vlj
0&0-5 nk¡rkas o elwMks dk lMuk
0-5 &1-5 nk¡rks ds cuus esa lgk;d
1-5 &4-0 nUr ¶yksjksfll
4-0 &10-00 nUr ¶yksjksfll] vfLFk] xnuZ] dej o tksMks esa nnZ rFkk vU; fodkj
fofHkUu [kkn~; inkFkksZa esa ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k
[kkn~; inkFkZ ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k fe-xzke@yh0- [kkn~; inkFkZ ¶yksjkbM dh ek=k fe-xzke@yh0-
xsg¡w 4-6 dsyk 2-9
pkoy 5-9 vke 3-2
eDdk 5-6 lsc 5-7
ve:n 5-1

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50623 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1208
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
ty izcU/ku gsrq mik;%&
miyC/k leLr Hkwty dk 70 izfr’kr ls vf/kd mi;ksx esa
ugha fy;k tk;s rkfd Hkfo"; gsrq ty lajf{kr fd;k tk
lds vr% ty izcU/ku gsrq fuEu Lrjks ij dk;Z fd,
tk,A
¼v½ O;fDrxr Lrj ij
 ?kjsyw fu"dkflr ty dk cxhpksa vkfn esa iqu% mi;ksx
djuk ,oa ?kjsyw uyksa ls O;FkZ ikuh u cgkukA
 [kkuk idkus ds fy, NksVs vkdkj ds crZu o leqfpr
ek=k esa ikuh dk mi;ksx djukA
 isM&ikS/ks dh dVkbZ ij vadq’k yxkuk rkfd vkSlr
okf"kZd o"kkZ esa c<+ksrjh gks ldsA
 lkoZtfud uy vkfn ls ty dks u cgus nsA
 izR;sd ?kj esa o"kkZ ty ls Hkwty iquHkZj.k gsrq iquHkZj.k
lajpuk cukbZ tk;sA ftlls Hkwty HkaMkjksa esa c<+ksrjh
dh tk ldsA
¼c½ d`f"k {ks= Lrj ij%&
 QCokjk o canw &canw flapkbZ i)fr dks viukuk rkfd
ikuh dh 40 ls 60 izfr’kr rd cpr dh tk ldsA
 de ikuh ds mi;ksx okyh Qlyksa dks mxkdj yxHkx
30 ls 40 izfr’kr rd ikuh cpk;k tk ldrk gSA
 mfpr ek=k esa mi;qZDr [kkn o dhVuk’kd nokbZ;ksa
dk mi;ksx djuk rkfd ’kq) ty dks izn"w k.k ls
cpk;k tk ldsA
lkeqnkf;d Lrj ij%&
 uydwi @gS.MiEi vkfn ds vkl&ikl Hkjs gq, ty
dks iquHkZj.k lajpuk,¡ cukdj d`f=e :i ls Hkwty dk
iquHkZj.k djs ,oa ty dks O;FkZ u tkus nsA
 vuqik;ksxh dqvksa] uydwiks]a gS.MiEiksa vkfn dk Hkwty
d`f=e iquHkZj.k ds fy, mi;ksx djukA
 xk¡oksa ds rkykcks]a ckofM;ksa vkfn dk th.kksZ)kj djuk
ftlesa o"kkZ ty ,df=r dj mi;ksx esa fy;k tk
ldsA
fu"d"kZ o lq>ko%&
ty dh deh ls vkt Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd nqfu;k ds dbZ
ns’kksa esa xaHkhj ty ladV fLFkfr mRiUu gks xbZ gSA ;fn
blh ty xfr ls yxkrkj ty dh ek=k de gksrh x;h
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50623 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022
rks og fnu nwj ugha gS tc ge ikuh ihus fy, Hkh rjl
tk;sxaAs
blfy, ty dk laj{k.k vkSj lao/kZu djs vkSj thou dks
cpk, rFkk rFkk ikuh dk egRo dks le>krs gq, blds
laj{k.k ds fy, vkxs vk, vkSj ekuork ds izfr viuk
dÙkZO; fuHkk, @[kqn Hkh ty dk laj{k.k djsAa vkSj nwljksa
dks Hkh izsfjr djs ty dk laj{k.k djsa vkSj nwljks dks Hkh
izsfjr djsa RkFkk orZeku eSa ljdkj Hkh yxkrkj fofHkUu
dk;Zdzeksa rFkk midzeksa ds }kjk lHkh dks ikuh dk egRo
vkSj ewY; le>us vkSj ikuh dh cpr djus dk lans’k ns
jgh gSA nkSlk ftys esa mRiUu ty ladV ds fuokj.k ds
fy, jkT; ljdkj ds }kjk fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dks ykxq
djuk pkfg, o bl {ks= dks fdlh unh ifj;kstuk ls
tksMuk pkfg,A ftlls is;ty o flapkbZ ds fy, ty
miyC/k gks ldsA
**lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph** ftlls is;ty Ok flpkbZ ds fy,
ty myC/k gks lds%&
[1] tkV ch-lh- ¼2000½ ty xzg.k izcU/ku iksbUVj
ifCy’klZ t;iqjA
[2] pkUnuk vkj lh- ¼2006½ tula[;k dk Hkwxksy
dYiuh; ifCy’klZA
[3] [kqYyj Mh vkj ¼2008½ Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy VkVk
esxzkfgy] ubZ fnYyhA
[4] [kqYyj Mh-vkj ¼2010½ HkkSfrd Hkwxksy vk/kkj ,oa
Hkkjr dk HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k ljLorh gkml] ubZ
fnYyhA
[5] ;wfulsQ 1999] lq’khyk 1999A
[6] gkst ,oa fLeFk 1965 rFkk WHO 1970A
[7] jktho xk¡/kh jk"Vªh; is;ty fe’ku] ubZ fnYyhA
[8] S.R dqekj ¼jk"Vªh; ty foKku laLFkku½ xqokgkVhA
[9] ty gh thou gS ¼twu 2008½ dq:{ks= xzkeh.k
fodkl ea=ky;] ubZ fnYyhA
[10] H.M lDlsuk ¼2012½ jktLFkku dk Hkwxksy fgUnh
xzUFk vdkneh] t;iqjA
[11] ik.Ms; Hkxors ¼2008½ xk¡oksa esa ty ds fcuk dy]
dq:{ks=A
[12] HkYyk ,y- vkj ¼2008½ jktLFkku dk Hkxksy]
dqynhi ifCyds’ku] vtesjA
Page 1209