Mouth- It is the first part of the digestive system.

It not only provides passage for food, but

process of digestion also starts from here. The parts of mouth that helps in digestion are-
Teeth- With help of these we chew the food and breaks it into small pieces.
Salivary gland- As it is clear by name it secretes saliva which contains some enzymes.
Tongue- It not only helps in tasting but also helps in mixing saliva with food.
Epiglottis- Most of you might think it is useless in digestion, but it has a very important function
which is preventing the food from entering windpipe or Trachea.
Pharynx- It is the common passage for food and air. The muscle in pharynx pushes food into
Esophagus.
Esophagus- It provides passage from pharynx to stomach.
Stomach- It is a major organ of digestive system which secretes gastric juice. Gastric juice has
hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, a peptide hormone gastrin, enzyme pepsin which digest
protein, gastric lipase.
Liver- It is the largest gland of body and performs many vital functions along with digestion. It
detoxifies metabolites and regulates the storage of glycogen. Liver is assisted by Gall Bladder
which secrets bile juice. bile juice neutralizes the acidic content of food in duodenum.
Pancreas- Its most well-known function is secretion of Insulin that regulates blood sugar level.
Small Intestine- Small intestine is basically known for food absorption.
It has 3 parts - Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
➢ Duodenum - The first part of the small intestine. It connects to the stomach. The
duodenum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients
(vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be
used by the body.
➢ Jejunum -The middle part of the small intestine. It is between the duodenum (first part of
the small intestine) and the ileum (last part of the small intestine). The jejunum helps to
further digest food coming from the stomach.
➢ Ileum -The last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum (first part of the large
intestine). The ileum helps to further digest food coming from the stomach and other
parts of the small intestine.
Large Intestine- Small intestine is basically known for food absorption.
It also has 3 parts- Cecum, Colon, and Rectum
➢ Cecum- also spelled caecum, pouch or large tubelike structure in the lower abdominal
cavity that receives undigested food material from the small intestine and is considered
the first region of the large intestine.
 ➢ Colon- The longest part of the large intestine (a tube-like organ connected to the small
intestine at one end and the anus at the other). The colon removes water and some
nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food.
➢ Rectum- The rectum is a chamber that begins at the end of the large intestine,
immediately following the sigmoid colon, and ends at the anus. Ordinarily, the rectum is
empty because stool is stored higher in the descending colon. Eventually, the descending
colon becomes full, and stool passes into the rectum, causing an urge to move the bowels
(defecate). Adults and older children can withstand this urge until they reach a bathroom.
Infants and young children lack the muscle control necessary to delay bowel movement.
The anus is the opening at the far end of the digestive tract through which stool leaves the
body. The anus is formed partly from the surface layers of the body, including the skin, and
partly from the intestine. The anus is lined with a continuation of the external skin. A
muscular ring (anal sphincter) keeps the anus closed until the person has a bowel movement.
Apart from all this the circulatory system also helps in digestion as it circulates blood, which
absorbs nutrients from food to different parts of body.