12.

A) p -> q = if you have the flu then you miss the final examination.
C) q -> -r = if you miss the exam then you do not pass the course.
B) -q <-> r = You don't pass the exam if and only if you pass the course.
D) p or q or r = You have the flu or miss the exam or pass the course.
E) (p -> -r) v (q -> -r) = if you have the flu then you don't pass the course or if
you miss the final examination then you don't pass the course..
F) ( p^q ) v (-q^r) = you have the flu and miss the final examination or attend the
final examination and pass the course.

16.
A) True
B) False
C) True
D) False

22.
A) If it is necessary to wash the boss’s car, then it needs to get promoted.
B) If winds are from the south, then it is a spring thaw.
C) If you bought the computer less than a year ago, then the warranty is good.
D) If Willy cheats, then he gets caught.
E) If you pay a subscription fee, then an access the website.
F) If it is knowing the right people, then it is getting elected.
G) if carol is on the boat then she gets seasick.

32.
A. F
B. F
C. F
D. T
E.