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MEERA PAIRAHAN

Article · January 2012

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 d`".k dks [ksy&[ksy es]a ;k [kh> dj ehjk dh ek¡ us ml dk
lkaojk cuk fn;k FkkA lius ns[kus dk vkUkan] og Hkh cpiu ds lius
dk] vuwBk gh gksrk gSA lHkh Hkäsa dks ,slk gh dqN izkIr gks tkuk gSA
/kqzo dksA vU; vusd Hkäksa dks HkhA ejkBh ds dfo Hkh cpiu esa csp
vkrs gSa fcuk nzO; ik;sA lgTkrk vkSj ljyrk rks gS HkäkoLFkk dk
Js; vkSj izs;A vLrq] ehjk Hkh oSlh gh FkhA cpiu ds lius nwj&nwj
rd tkrs gSAa D;k D;k ns[kk gksxk ehjk us \ dSls ltrh jgh gksxh
\

ehjk dk dky e/; dky rks gS gh] igys ds Hkä dfo;ksa dh

ijaijk izkIr gSA nŸk esa dkSu dkSu vk tk;sxa s \ dky x.kuk ds izfr
dksbZ [kkl vkxzg ugha gSa esjk] fdUrq dchj] jkekuanh vkSj dfo ’kk;n
igys gksxa sA rqylh lwj ckn ds !

thou dFkk ds Kkr igyqvksa dks ekurs gSaA rhu Øe rks gSa gh
tks xu ds TkSlk os’k] jk.kk lax O;kg] fo/kok dk :i rFkk ’kksdA
rhuksa dks ,d & ,d dj ns[k ysrs gSaA

cpiu ds lius esa D;k ns[kk gksxk \ dkSu lk dky gS mldk\

D;k D;k u;k py jgk gS eu esa \ thou esa \ lekt esa \ lc Lrj
ds lius vyx&vyx gksrs gSa u ! dchj ij ubZ phtksa ls tkfgj gS
fd bl dky esa jaxkbZ] NikbZ] lwr ds diM+s ij ds dke dh /kwe FkhA
diM+s nwj nwj rd tkrs Fks ! jktLFkku rFkk lkSjk"Vª ds chpks chp
O;kikj Fkk rHkh ^eSaus xksfoUn yhuks eksy* fudy ldrk gS u !
czàoSoŸkZ iqjk.k esa vkbZ ubZ tkfr;k¡] u;s o.kZ ^pkSjklh oS".koksa dh
ok=kZ* ds izdj.kksa ls feyrs tqyrs gSAa
 izFke lk/; tksxh dh p<+rh mez gS] u;u uqdhys ¼vf.k;kys ;k
vfu;kjs½ gSAa gal gal dj lcls cfr;krk gSA tksxh dk os’k vuwBk
gSA dksiyksa ij dqaMy dh ned gS] vaxksa ij gYdh uhyh HkLe iqrh
gSA xys esa e`xNkyk gS] Ckjok vkSj J`axh gSA ij ,slk tksxh ehjk dks
dgk¡ ys tk;sxk \ izhr nq%[k dk ewy curh gSA ^izhr u dfj;ks dks;*
dk ^uxj f<a<ksjk ihVrh* jg tkrh gSA ckyiu dh izhr dk eryc
tks tkus lks tkusA tksxh dk :i ;ksa Li"V djrs gSaA

tksfx;k th fulfnu tksoka Fkkjh ckVA

ikao u pkyS iaFk nqgsyh] vkM+k vkS?kV ?kkVA
uxj vkbZ tksxh je x;k js] ;ks eu izhfr u ikbA
eSa Hkksyh Hkksykiu dhUgksa jk[;kS ufg fcyekbZA
tksfx;k dwa tkscr cksgks fnu chrk vtgwa vk;ks ukfgaA
fcjg cq>ko.k vUrfj vkoks] riu yfx ru ekfgaA
dS rks tksfx tx esa ukgha dSj fclkjh eksbZA
dkba d:a fdr ykÅajh ltuh uS.k xqek;ks jkbA
vkjfr rsjh vUrfj esjs vkyks viuh tkf.kA
ehjk O;kdqy fcjfg.kh js rqe fcu ryQr izkf.kA

lkaoys ds lkFk D;k D;k gksuk gS \ xhrksa esa Li"V gSA phjgj.k
dk xhr ckn esa ys ysrs gSa ;k ,d vkSj inA LoIu] ckyiu lc gks
tk;sxkA

^’;ke bBykrk ,sBa rk Mksys rFkk esjs lkFk [kqy dj fucZU/k

/keky [ksys( og esjh xfy;ksa esa pDdj ekjs rFkk vkaxu esa Hkh Mksyrk
fQjs( og esjh vaxqyh Nqos rFkk esjh cfg;ka Hkh ejksM(s+ og esjk vkapy
Nq, rFkk ?kw?a kV Hkh [kksys*A

vc ,d fp= phjgj.k dk %

^^phjgj.k yhyk esa tcog ¼xksfi;ka ugha½ vkSj eqjkjh nwj dgha
vdsys esa vkeus&lkeus [kM+s gksrs gSa rc ehjk dh dj/kuh [kqy [kqy
tkrh gS vkSj vk/;kkfRedrk dh dksj fdukjh >j>jk dj fxj tkrh
gSA ;gka ,d uXUk ehjk gS D;ksfa d ^mldh lkM+h og vukM+h dne
dh Mkyh ij ysdj cSB x;k gSA igys rks mlus jkLrk jksd fn;k]
tc og ¼ehjk½ tequk esa ty Hkjus xbZA fQj rks og ty esa uaxh
[kM+h jghA ckn esa l;kuh lf[k;ka gaLkrh jgha vkSj gal gal dj
xkfy;ka Hkh nsrh jghaA cqjh lkl rFkk gBhyh uun ¼uSfrd psruk %
lqij bZxks½ yM+ yM+dj mls ykaNuksa ls rkjrh jghA fdUrq og
fxfj?kj uVukxj ds pj.ksa ij okjh jghA*-----blds igys mlus lkM+h
dSlh Nhuh ^esjs flj ij ls jaxhu jlhyh xkxj >Vd yhA blesa
esjh uFk lkM+h esa Qal dj eqM+ xbZa bl yiV >iV esa esjh dkyh
vyd NwV dj mlds ¼edjkd`r½ Lof.kZr dqaMy esa Qal xbZA ml
vuks[ks f[kykM+h jfld ukxj rFkk eueksgu ds ,sls dkekosx esa lkM+h
dk fdukjk nks Vwd QV x;kA eSa ’kuS%&’kuS% fuoZlu gksrh pyh xbZA
tequk ds ty esa vkdj [kM+h gwAa * vc bldks vkRek ek;k ijekRek
ds izkpy ij Hkh O;k[;kf;r fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdUrq blls ehjk
laxejej dh ,d futhZo nsokaxuk izfrek gksdj fu"ian gks tk,xhA----
v/;kfRedrk dh vfrfjDr ykt lnSo ehjk ¼ukjh½ dh eqfDr dh
cSfju gksrh vk;h gSA

rFkkfi ,d pkSdUuh laU;kfluh ehjk vius dop dqaMy] vkSj

vL= ’kL=ksa ls Hkh Lo;a lfTTkr gksrh pyrh gS*A

jk.kk ls ’kknh dk izLrko] ’kknh ,oa llqjky esa tkus ls ehjk

dk fojks/k gSA ;g fojks/k O;Ø gksrk gS mu lHkh phtksa dks NksM+us es]a
tks jktiwr lkeWrh x`gLFku dh vku&cku gSA ehjk ds dkO; esa
lqgkx ls tqM+s vusdkusd izlax ,oa phtksa dk o.kZu gSA ;gk¡ flj ds
vkHkw"k.k] flUnwj pwfM+;k¡] foykliw.kZ diM+]s lkf/kdkj izkIr oL=kHkw"k.k
ckjackj vkrs gSAa [kku iku dk oSHko Hkh of.kZr gSA Lokfn"V Hkkstu]
js’keh oL=] egy dh Å¡ph vjkjh ,oe~ fofo/k izdkj ds vkHkw"k.kA
 ^^Nkik fryd xygkj mrkjks] ifgjks gkj gtkjh
jru tfM+r ifgjks vkHkw"k.k] Hkksxks Hkksx vikjh*
*
Ånks ehjk laokn ds yksdxhr ls ;qx dh izo`fŸk;k¡ izxV gksrh
gSA

okf.kt&O;kikj dchj esa Hkh gSA ehjk rks xksfoUn dks eksy gh
ys ysxh ;k fQj ^eSa rks fxj/kj gkFk fcdkuh*A nqYgs dk p;u Hkh rks
gksrk gS u ! ^dksbZ dgs dkyks dksbZ dgks xksjks] esa rks fy;ks vka[;k
[kksy*A eSa] ;k lekukFkhZ ’kCn vaVrs gh ugha] Hkjs iM+s gS]mcy dj
ckgj fudyrs gSAa ’kk;n muds inks esa ’kq:vkr T;knkrj vge~ ls
lacaf/kr] eeRo ls lao) inksa ls T;knk gksuh gSA ekb jh] Egk fy;k
xksfoUnk eksyA

^eSa* rks loZ=& ;=&r= gSA ij ehjk ds LoIu Hkax esa LoIu
dk :Ik rks jgsxk gh u ! LoIu esa Hkh tks chrk gS] ogha tkxrk gSA
rks ehjk D;k D;k igu izHkq dks fj>k;sxhA nsf[k;s u ! vius
,diRuhozr izHkq fiz;re ls LoIu feyu ds fy, Hkh ,difrozrk ehjk
vycsyk ¼e/;dkyhu½ lktflaxkj djrh gS& dqlqEHkh lkM+h igurh gS]
dku esa ckyh] ân; esa fprekyk /kkj.k djrh gSA vU; xguksa esa
prqjHkqt lqgkx pwM+yk] ikaoksa ij >ka>fj;ka] fcfN;k] ?kqa?k: ¼iktsc½]
v.koV ¼iSj ds vaxwBs dk NYyk½] isVh ¼dj/kuh½ vkfn gSaA og
jk.kkx`g ds pØfpà tSls dkty] fcUnh] ca/kk twMk+ /kkj.k ugha djrhA
vo’;] Åij ls vks<+uh pknj ys ysrh gSA vks<u+ h dh dgkuh ckn esa
nw¡xk rc rd ,d fnup;kZ

^pkdj Hkxfru* ehjk dh fnup;kZ dh Hkh >kadh& ;g Qqyokjh

cfx;k yxkÅaxh o jkst mBrs gh n’kZu ikÅaxh( dqatksa xfy;ksa esa
xksfcUn yhyk xku d:axh] pkdjh ds nSfud [kpsZ ls n’kZu vkSj uke
Lej.k dh tkxhj dekÅaxh dqlqEHkh] lkM+h igu dj vk/kh jkr dks
n’kZu ikÅaxh ( rFkk Hkksj gksrs gh mB tkÅaxh] fxfj/kj dks fj>kus dks
jkr fnu mlds lkFk [ksywaxh ( vFkkZr! tSls Hkh gks mls yqHkkÅaxhA
og tks mls iguk,xk mls igauwxh( tks nsxk mls gh [kkÅaxhA tSlk
cSBk,xk] oSls gh cSBwaxhA vxj cspsxk rks fcd tkÅaxhA*

vkSj D;k D;k dguk gSA iapjax pksyh] lksyg flaxkj] dqlqHkh
lkM+h ikWo esa ?kwa?kM] vusdkusd dku] ukd esa vkHkw"k.k] uFk] lc rks
igurh gSAa e/; dky dh lkearh ijaijk dk iwjk dk iwjk u[k f’k[k
o’kkZr gSA lkM+h dk jax ethfB;k ugha] dqlqEHkh gSA Vkb vkSj Mkb
¼Tye/ dye½ dk dkeHkh gSA voxaqBu gSaA vkxs ds inksa ls ;g lc Li"V
gks tk;sxkA

ij iguus dks tks nsxk ’;ke] ogh iguw¡xhA xq.k xku og

vkHkw"k.kksa dk djrh gSA oSls mls jk.kk ifjokj ds dktyfCkUnh] twMs+]
pksyh ls ijgst gS ij iapjax pksyh ’;ke dh igurh vkSj fj>krh
gqbZ ikbZ tkrh gSA pksyk Hkh ikB esa gSA

Egka fxj/kj jax jkrh] lS;ka EgkaA

igj~;k l[kh Egka] f>jfeV [ksy.k tkrhA
Oka >jfeV eka feY;ks lkaojks] ns[;ka r.k e.k jkrhA
ft.kjks fi;ka ijnsl cL;kajh fy[k fy[k HksT;ka ikrhA
Egkjk fi;ka Egkjs ghf;M+s vlrka vkoka .kk tkrha
ehjk js izHkq fxj/kj ukxj ex tksoka fn.k jkrhA

fQj ns[ksa %

dgkS
dgkS rks
dgkS rks Hkjkoka
dgkS fNVdkok dslA

fQj ls
pkyka vxe ok nsl] dky ns[;ka MjkaA
Hkjka izse jk gkst] gal dsY;ka djkaA
lk/kk lar jks lax] X;k.k tqxrka djkaA
/kjka lkaojks /;ku fpŸk mtyks djkaA
cka/k rksl fujrk djkaA
Lktka ] lks.kjks jk[kM+kaA
Lkaofy;ka lwa izhr] vkSjka lw vk[kM+kAa A

mlus ?kj dh pkjnhokjh yka?kh] iq:"k HkDrksa& lk/kqvksa ds lkFk

?kweh vkSj [kqys vke lcds lEeq[k ukph A vkHkw"k.kkfnd oSlk gh gSA
xk;u oknu dk iwjk rke >ke Hkh gSA

jk/kk dk J`axkj Hkh ns[kus ;ksX; gS %

vkor ns[kh fdlu eqjkjh] fNi x;h jk/kk I;kjhA

fpj fojgu ehjk] jk/kk dks Nqik nsrh gSa ykt lsA phj dk jax
dslfj;k gSA vafx;k lth&dyh cuh gSA jk/kk jkuh ls de FkksM+s gh
gS uA ehjk us u ^jru vkHkj.k Hkw[k.k NkaM+;ka* gS] ^[kksj fd;k flj
ds’k* gSA ij jk/kk rks igusx a h ghA ^ehjk esa dkUrk&Hkko dh
feyu&fojg dhM+k gS& ij feyuk dh de fojg dh T;knk gSA
jaaxhu pwuj esa xqyky ds yky ckny Hkh gSAa jax Hkjh jkx Hkjh jkxlw¡
Hkjh jhA gksyh [ksY;ka L;ke lax jax lw¡ Hkjh jhA

ehjk dHkh dHkh vius ckjs es]a vius :Ik ds ckjs esa Hkh >ydkrh
gSA e`x tSlh nh?kZ u;u okyh ukjh ekjh&ekjh ?kwe jgh gS vkSj jk.kk
tSlk ikih vuFkZ dj jgk gSA

fo/k&fo/kuk jh U;kjk¡
nhj?k uS"kk fej?k dw¡ ns[kk¡ d.kyk fQIrk ekjk ---------
bl ys[k esa d`".k ds :Ik dk o.kZu ugh dj jgk ugh arks vuds eksj
& eqdqV rFkk u;s rjg ds vusdkusd oL=ks]a vkHkw"k.kksa dh NVk Hkh]
vkSj ehjk dk mudk o.kZu Hkh vkyksP; gks ldrk gSA og dHkh vyx
lsA

vc dqN m)j.k inkoyh ls nw¡xk

Egka fxj/kj vkxka .kkP;k jhA

.kkp .kkp Egka jfld fj>koka] izhr iqjjr.k tkaP;k jhA
L;ke izhr jh cka/k eksg.k Egkjs lkaP;k jhA
Yksdykt dqy jk ejtknk] txeka .ksd .k jk[;ka jhA
] yksd ykt rt .kkphA

ix cka/k ?kwa?kj;ka .kkP;ka jhA

yksd dg;ka ehjk ckojh] lklq dg~;ka dqyuklh jhA
] lk/kka vkxs .kP;ka

lkearh ca/kuksa dks iwjh rjg vLrhdkj djus okyh ehjk ifr
d`".k ds fy, L=h ds fy, Lohdk;Z lkearh x`gLFk uSfrdrk dks
Lohdkj djus ds fy, rRij gSa %

eSa fxj/kj ds ?kj tkÅaA

fxj/kj Egkjksa lkapks izhre] ns[kr :Ik yqHkkÅaA
jS.k iM+S rc gh mfB tkÅa] Hkksj Hk;s mfB vkÅaA
jS.k fnuk okds lax [ksywa] I;wa&T;wa okfg yqHkkÅaA
] tks ns lksbZ [kkÅaA
esjh m.kdh izhr iqjk.kh] m.k fot iy u jgkÅaA
tgka cSBkos frrgh cSBwa] csps rks fcd tkÅaA

;gka rd fd os rqylh dh vuqlqb;k dh rjg fL=;ksa dks

ifr&vuqxkeh jgdj thou fcrkus dk lans’k nsrh gSa %
>wBk ekf.kd eksfr;ka jh] >wBh txex tksfrA
>wBk vkHkw"k.kka jh] lkaph fi;k th jh ihfrA
>wBk ]s >wBk A
Lkaph fi;kth ] tkes fujeG jgs ljhjA

ikV iVacj ;k fn[k.kh phj

iUnzgoh lnh bUMksufs ’k;k esa feyk xqtjkr esa cuk Nkis dk diM+k
gal dh vkd`fr;k jsfM;ksa dkcZu 1510 bZloha ¼foDVksfj;k vycVZ
laXkzgky; ½ ehjk dk dky
 nsg]s bu Hkksfxu esa jkxA
ywa.k vywa.kks gh Hkyks gs] vi.ks fi;kth dks lkx
nsf[k fojk.ks fuoka.k dwa gs] D;wa mitkosa [kht
dkyj vo.kks gh Hkyks gs] tkesa fuitS pht
NSy fojk.ks yk[k dks gs] vi.ks dkt u gksbZ
rkds lax fl/kkjrka gs] Hkyka u dglh dksbZ
oj gh.kks vi.kks Hkyka u dglh dksbZ
tkds lax fl/kkjrka gs] Hkyka dgs lc dksbZA

ehjk dh os’k&Hkw"kk izxV gqbZ gSA ij D;k NikbZ d<+kbZ gksrh

FkhA rcA ,d vkxs dk liuk fn[kkrs gSA fo"k;karj rks gksxk fdUrq
vokarj ughaA ygxks rFkk pwufj;ksa ij u;k tekuk] ubZ phtsa Nkrh
jgrh gSAa ehjk ds diM+s D;k Fks] jax ’kk;n dkO; esa vk x;k gks ij
D;k Nirk jgk gksxk blds fy, ,d LoIu dYiuk A lfjZ;y
¼Surrealistic½ mM+kuA ij tehu ls tqM+rhA ehjk ds lius ds
lekUkkarj j[ksaxsA ij ;g iSVuZ rks miyC/k gSA
 cky lqyHk piyrk esa fookg rFkk lacaf/kr izlx a ksa esa gh ek¡ us
mls ^dkUgk* ^fxfj/kkjh* ns fn;k gSA fookg ls lacf/kr ckfydk o/kw dks
Ja`xkj vkHkw"k.k ,oe~ lktlTtk okys iks’kkd gh Hkys yxkrs gSaA
fookg dh D;k ijaijk lekt esa FkhA lkS lky igys dk ,d
egŸoiw.kZ fookg] tks iqLrdksa esa miyC/k gS] crkrk gw¡ rFkk ,d
rdjhcu nks <+kbZ lkS lky ckn dk fp=.k nsrk gw¡ lwr ds diM+s ij
dk fizaVA ,d fQ:t ’kkg dh fot;uxj ds [kkuny esa ’kknh gSA
¼Qfj’rk dh cnkSyr½A nwljs vaxzsth diM+ks esa lth cSaM&cktk&cjkr
gSA lizek.k izLrqr djrk gw¡A lius dc dSls curs gksaxs \ckyeu dks
dgk¡ rd Nwrs gSA rFkk lekt dh nwljh /kkjkvksa ls ;Fkk Hkfä] ls
dSls tqM+rs gSaA lcdh ckuxh nsrk gw¡A

dqN iz’u Hkh mBkrk gw¡A jk.kk lakxk ds Ikq=] ehjk ds ifr ¼uke
ij erkUrj gS !½ 1527 esa gkj tkrs gS]a e`R;q dks izkIr gksrs gSaA lrh
u gksus dk fu.kZ; ehjk dk gSA esokM+ ekjokM+ ds dbZ ?kjkus eqxyksa ds
lkFk gks ysrs gSA ij fllksfn;k oa’k vyx gSA ehjk ds dkO; esa D;k
Qkjlh@vjch ’kCn blh dkj.k ugha gS \

tkudkjksa ls mŸkj dh vis{kk gksxhA igjkok] jgu lgu] iguus

vks<u+ s dh phtas] muesa mi;qä rduhdsa vkxs c<+ pyh gksaxhaA jaxjstkas]
tqykgksa dks lekt esa ubZ txg feyus yxh gSA lkfM+;kas] pqufj;k¡ ds
jax dqlqEHkh gks pys gSAa vkHkw"k.kksa esa fons’kh /ked gS] ped gS] u;kiu
gSA dkfynkl] ok.keê ds le; ds vkHkw"k.k cny pqds gSAa
’kCnkofy;k¡ cnyh gSAa ;wa gh uA vo’; gj dykdkjh] ehukdkjh]
jaxkbZ&cqukbZ NikbZ vkxs c<+ pyh gSA og c.kZuksa esa nh[ksxk D;k \

Qfj’rk ds vuqokn ls o.kZu ns jgk gw¡ %

What was exceptional about Firuz’s alliance, however, was the

manner in which he celebrated his marriage, in 1407, to the
daughter of his powerful neighbor to the south, Deva Raya I of
Vijayanagara. Rather than demand delivery of a bride to his
court at Gulbarga in the manner that Akbar would build up his
harem in the Mughal court, Firuz indulged in a leisurely
wedding celebration at Deva Raya I’s own capital, where the
Vijayanagara king presided over ceremonies. For forty days a
great processional market stretched along the road between
Vijayanagara and Firuz’s camp, some twenty-one miles
outside the great city. The bride having been brought to the
sultan’s camp, she and Firuz proceeded to the city gate, where
Deva Raya I greeted his daughter and royal son-in-law. From
there the two kings rode together in great pomp to the royal
palace, along a six –mile road lined with velvet and satin
fabrics, and strewn with flowers. For three days Firuz stayed as
a guest at Deva Raya I’s palace, amidst much feasting and
exchanging of gifts.1

Furuz’s lavish wedding ceremony epitomized an era of

considerable cultural exchange across the Deccan plateau.
When he returned to his capital from Vijayanagara, the sultan
brought with him 2,000 male and female slaves, singers,
dancers, and musicians.2

tc vaxzst vk;s Fks rks jax lkt rFkk jaxjst u;k Nkius yxs FksA ,d
laxzgky; ls izkiz fp= ns dj ltkrk gw¡ fd Hkmth ds liuksa ls dSls
HkS;k jaxjst u;s izdkj dh phtsa dyirk gS rFkk Nkirk gSA cjkr dh
dYiuk fn[krk gw¡A ;g diM+s dk VqdM+k miyC/k gSA vkSj jaxjst dh
dYiuk’khyrk dks n’kkZrk gSA VqdM+k ?kk?kjs ij Nik gSA

fo"k;karj ds i’;kr~ ehjk dh cjkr dh dYiuk Hkh nw¡xkA ml

cjkr esa rks yk[kksa cjkrh vkrs gSaA bl jaxjst dh ckjkr esa dqŸkk Hkh
medk gqvk pyrk gSAa ij bl m)j.k ,oa fp= ds ckn ehjk dh
fookg&oj.k&ckjkr dh dYiuk dk fp= Hkh nwaxkA ij igys] ckn ds
dky dk ,d n`’; ,oe~ mlds lacf/kr dkO; nsf[k;sA
mu lcis D;k fpf=r gksxk] ;g dkSu djsxk r; HkkbZ]
HkÅth dk cryk;k HkS;k us cquk] Nik;k] :lokbZ

gks xbZ] ,d ckj eqX/kk us dg fn;k cjkr ltk nks gk¡

?kksM]+s ctus] Mfy;k ds lax] dqN Hkh tqVk nks] rhu tgk¡

fpf=r dj nks] vaxzst fiigjh ctk&cSaM&ckjkr pys

;k fQj vk[ksV cuk Mkyks] rhjksa dks vc Mkyks] cnys
esa cUnwdsa gSa xys iM+h] vc lehdj.k lc Hkh cnys
ij jax Hkjks dqN ,slk] th! ft;jk ftudk ns[ks] epys

NhVksa dh djks NikbZ] th

LdVZ Hkh cus] ij ckMZj
ij n`'; Hkjk cktkj ysxs
yagxk iljs rks yky eqgjA

lCtijhdks fdl ukxu ds Qu ls Mj Fkk\

dkSu Malk Fkk\
vjs! ?kk?kjs dk ?ksjk Fkk ! ml ij vaxzsth Qsjk FkkA
iwjh Fkh ckjkr fudyrh( ?kksM+h] oX?kh] bôs] fxurh
ds ckts Fks] cSaM ctk Fkk] dqŸkk Hkh pyrk mexk Fkk
lwa/k fy;k gks o"kkZ _rq es]a jä esa bd tgj eksgjk Fkk

fdlds dgus ij] xgus ij ! ?kwe&Pkwe dj ckthxj ?kj

dh lc ckrsa Hkwy x;k Fkk] u;s CykWd ls D;k Nirk Fkk

tknw Vksuk] ctkj vkxjk] ,slk Hkh tks flyk ?kk?kjk

ns[ks vdcj&iwrk tkd+j] jktiwrkus ds Hkh vUnj

iapegy ds nl njokts] [kqyus ij D;k dksbZ Hkkxs

,sls ?ksjs esa tks f?kjrs] ogh vukj dyh ij fxjrs !

yfyr yaox yrk ifj’khyu

dkekaxh gh okekaxh Fkh&
loZrU= dh ckr pyh Fkh
,d LorU=k vku feyh Fkh
 lc dkikfyd dk liuk Fkk
gksus dks dc og viuk Fkk

lqygs dqy Fkk !

dygs& xqy Fkk !

jax cqy&cqy dk]

<ax pqy&cqy dk
;k eyey Fkk !

Ek[key dh Fkh cuh jtkbZ !

ugha dgha Fkh dqN lquokbZ !
,d gh Fkh] vaxzsth ckyk &
dgrs gSaA jax&jst Qalk Fkk
vc ehjk dh cjkr dk :i ltk nsus gSaA
lqius eas ij.k x;k txnh’k

u;s rFkk iqjkuh cjkrksa dk ftØ gks rks rqylh dk jke

tkudh&tkudh fookg dk iqlax dbZ txg m)r gksrk jgk gSA
jkepfjrekul esa rks gS gh] yksd esa Hkh] fefFkyk esa [kkl rkSj ls
^rqylh fookg** ds tSlk vk;kstu Hkh gksrk jgk gSA yksd ekul esa
fookg dk izlax cM+k gS rFkk ckyeu dks cgqr izHkkfor djrk gSA
ehjk dk ,d in vkSj gS ¼:ikarj½

ekbZ&Egk.kks lqi.kk ek¡ ij.;k¡ nhukukFk

NIi.k dksVk¡ txk¡ i/kkj;k¡ nwYgks fljh cztukFk

blh LoIu fookg esa vej lqgkx Hkh ojnku esa feyk gSA
yksdykt dh lc d`f=e Ük`a[kykvksa dks rksM+dj mlus fiz;re ls
feyus dh rS;kjh vkjaHk dj nh FkhA txnh’k&feyu ds lq[kn&LoIuksa
esa ,d u;k gh thou ikus ds fy, ehjk ds in vkdqyrj gks mBs
FksA fiz;&feyu ds LoIu ek= gh ugha latks, ehjk us] mlus rks
feyu dh lkjh nqfu;k gh cl yh Fkh %

ekbZ Egkaus lqius esa ij.k x;k txnhl

lk/kukdh bl rYyhurk esa LoIukoLFkk vkSj tkx`rkoLFkk esa dksbZ

varj ’ks"k ugha jg x;k Fkk %
vax vax gGnh eSa djh th] lq/kS HkhT;kS xkr
ekbZ Egkaus lqius esa ij.k x;k nhukukFk
NIiu dksV tgka tkau iokjs] nwYgk Jh Hkxoku

;g Fkk ehjk dk vYkkSfdd LoIuor~ fookg ! LoIu esa gh NIiu dksfV

cjkfr;ksa ds chp lts gq, d`".k nwYgk cudj vk, FksA LoIu esa gh
rksj.k ca/kk FkkA vkSj LoIu esa gh vpy lqgkx dh esga nh yx pqdh
FkhA ,d vkSj in ,slk gh gS %

ekbZ Egksua s lqiuk esa nwyg esa ij.kh xksiyhA

lsofj;ks fljisp dyaxh lksj BM+h rjokja
ehjk ds izHkq fxj/kj ukxj iwjcys HkjrkjA

vc ehjk dh cjkr ds ckn ,d vkSj izlx

a ns dj fojke nw¡xkA

feyus dh vk’kk rks vej gS] ysfdu d`".kk tks vkrs gh ughaa ehjk
vusdkusd yksHk nsrh gS mUgsa& gs fiz;re! rqe vkoks rks lghA eSa
rqEgkjh jkr&fnu lsok d:axhA rqEgkjs fy, lqUnj Qwyksa dh gh
ika[kqM+h /kkj.k fd, gq, rqe cgqr gh lqUnj yxksxAs rqEgkjs vkjke
djus ds fy, iwjh ’kS;~;k gh iq"iksa dh gksxh& Qwyksa dh ] Qwyksa
dk vkSj Qwyksa dh A d`".k dh
[kq’kh ds fy, ehjk lc dqN nkao ij yxkus dks rRij gSA iw.kZ
fo’okl gS mls fd ;fn ,d ckj eq>ls d`".k feyus tks pys vk, rks
fQj okil ykSV ugha ldasxsA muds fy, lqUnj lst fcNkÅaxhA fQj
ikls eaxok dj [ksy vkjaHk dj nwaxhA ckrksa gh ckrksa esa jkr chr
tk,xhA ehjk ds bl vkRefo’okl us izse&lk/kuk dks [kwc xgjk jax
fn;k gSA izse dh nhokuh ehjk lkQ dgrh gS& eSa rks rsjs jax esa
ljkcksj gwAa nhokuh gwaA ;s lc lf[k;ka nhokuh gksus ds fy, ‘ ’kjkc
ds I;kys maMsyrh gSa& eSa rks fcuk fi;s gh enekrh izsfedk cu pwdh
gwaA feyus dh bl mRdaBk esa ehjk dks dHkh&dHkh ;g fo’okl Hkh gks
tkrk Fkk fd d`".k mlds fudV gh [kM+s gSAa ^dqat ds fudV gh d`".k
feys Fks vkSj mUgksaus esjk vkfyaxu fd;k&>qjeqV esa eksfg eksgu
fefG;k] ?kky fefG xGckFkhA*
lHkh cUns&dck dk] iSjgu dk] lkt J`axkj dk ehjk [kqn
foLrkj djrh gSAa mls lfCyesV djrh gSaA nsk&,d ifjfpr lqifjfpr
rqyukvksa ls Li"V d:¡xkA eksjy bfFkdy rFkk fgrksins’k&oknh
fopkj Hkh rks vkrs gSa uA Hktu gks ;k xk;uA ehjk ’kk;n lc
xk;dksa dks fiz; gSA vkSj lcls T;knk xk;s rFkk dhjrfu;k, rqylh
x;s gSaA nksuks dk laLdkj] laLdj.k ,oe~ lfCyes’ku feyk dj ns[krs
gSA

iSjgu dk] igukos dk m/oZdky Hkh ns[k ysrs gSaA rqylh tc

jke dks fojFkh ikrs gSAa rks mudks vusdkud :Ik ls lacf/kr dgrs
gSAa nsf[k;s ehjk dk os’k

yTtk phj] /khjt dks

fNerk gkFk] lqer dks
fny nqyjh nfj;ko] lkaFk dks
 xq: dks Kku] /;ku dks

lkaofy;k lwa izhr] vkSjk lwa vk[kM+h

Hkfäu dk ,slk Lo:Ik dgk¡ feysxk \

lkFk esa jko.k jFkh fojFkh j?kqohjk dks Hkh Nki nsrs gSAa fQj crk;sx
a s
fd ehjk dh d`".k Hkfä ,oa ^^rqylh eLrd rc uoS &/kuq"k ok.k xgs
gkFk** dSls lkekftd ljksdkj fuekrh gSA O;kt esa igukok gS ;k
jFk&o.kZu A

jkouq jFkh fcjFk j?kqchjkA nsf[k fcHkh"ku Hk;m v/khjkAA

vf/kd izhfr eu Hkk lansgkA cafn pju dg lfgr
lusgkAA
ukFk u jFk ufg ru in =kukA dsfg fcf/k ftrc chj
cyokukAA
lqugq ljok dg d`ikfu/kkukA tsfg t; gksb lks L;anu
vkukAA
lkSjt /khjt rsfg jFk pkdkA lR; lhy n`<+ /otk
irkdkAA
cy fccsd ne ijfgr ?kksjsA Nek d`ik lerk jtq
tksjsAA
bZl Hktuq lkjFkh lqtkuk A fcjfr peZ larks"k d`ikukAA
nku ijlq cqf/k lfä izpaMkA cj fcX;ku dfBu
dksnaMkAA
vey vpy eu =ksu lekukA le te fu;e flyheq[k
ukukAA
dop vHksn fciz xqj iwtkA ,fg le fctj mik; u
nwtkAA
l[kk /keZe; vl jFk tkdsAa thru dgSa u drgq¡ fjiq
rkdsaAA

D;k ukFk}kjs dh fiPNokbZ dh ijWijk] eafnj dk lktJ`x a kj]

ehjkckbZ ds rFkk dfFkr eafnj ds vkxs ;k ihNs dk lkrR; n’kkZrs gSA
bruh jaxhuh jktLFkku dh /kjrh esa gh gS fd pwuj ,oe~ J`axkj esa
jaxks dh vufxu cgkj gSA jaxks dk ;g vfrjsd lkM+h ds inksa esa Hkh
tgk¡ rgk¡] vVds gq, uFk] diM+s esa Qls vkHkw"k.k lk >k¡drk nh[krk
gSA vkSj fn[kkš D;k \
 dqN vkdfLed gh gS D;k fd jkejkT; ds LoIu nz"Vk ckiw us
rqYklh vkSj ehjk nksuks dks u;k vklu fn;kA pkSjklh oS".koksa dh
okŸkkZ dh ehjk v/ke lh gS] u d`".k mles cfr;krs gSAa xksfoUn nqcs
;k muds iqjkfgr jkenkl Hkh ehjk dks udkjrs gSA ,d vkSj izlx a
tho xksLokeh ds lkFk rks izpfyr gS ghA xk;dksa rFkk xka/kh us ehjk
dks iquthZfor fd;kA 1945 esa ,e-,l- lqCcqy{eh ehjk fQYe dh
ukf;dk cuh fQj xqytkj dh fQYe esa gsek ekfyuh ¼1979½A

ok.kh t;jke dks ml lky dk fQYeQs;j ,okMZ loksZre xkf;dk

dk feykA ehjk lnk loZnk fiz; jgsx
a hA
 pqujh] ysgaxk] uFkquh] cktwcan] egy] vVkjh ds vkxs Hkh vkSj
dqN gS ehjk ds dkO; lalkj esa tks lanHkZ iSnk djus ls dgha vkxs
tkrk gS vkSj leFkZ peRdkj iSnk dj ysrk gSA
 ehjk ds m)j.kksa ds fy, inkoyh dk mi;ksx gqvk gSaA ^ehjk % ,d
iquewZY;kadu* l- iYyo] ds fofo/k ys[kksa ls in] vFkZ @HkkokFkZ Hkh
fy;s x;s gSA
(ED) Eaton R.M. A Social History of the Deccan 1300-1761 Eight Indian
Lives in Muhammad Gisu Daraz Pg. 48-50.

Firishta, Muhammad Qasim. Tarikh-I Firishta (completed 1611).2 vols.

Lucknow.1864-65. Translated by John Briggs under the title History of the
Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India.London, 1829.

1 Briggs, Rise, II: 238-39.

2 Ibid., II : 238.

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