Training note for enumerator

I. Sleep pattern and its effect on school performance

• Sleep is a vital component of learning and memory consolidation.

• Sleep duration: Adolescents need to sleep 8–10 hours and younger children need more. Ultimately, everyone’s sleep requirement is
individual and the best gauge of sufficient sleep is waking refreshed and feeling alert during the day. Shorter sleep duration is
associated with lower GPAs.
• Sleep consistency: The likelihood of a student being awake or asleep at the same time per day is measured by sleep consistency.
Students who sleep more consistently perform better in school.

II. Sleep Disorders and its effect on school performance

• Sleep disorders (SD) involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment
in functioning.
• Students with sleep disorders are more likely to have a lower GPA.

III. Sleep Related Breathing disorders (SRBDs)

• SRBDs is kind of Sleep disorders that involve difficulty breathing during sleep that may or may not be present while awake.
• Some symptoms include snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness.
• Aside from sleep disorders, some children have SRBDs because of craniofacial morphology, like small or retruded lower jaw, which
cause narrow airway. It can also happen because the children breath through their mouth or because of wrong position of tongue or
short lingual frenum.
• SRBDs bear negative consequences on physical, intellectual and mental recreation during sleep impairing daytime performance as a
result.
• SRBDs impacts academic success through several different means such as excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased mood, poorer
general health, lower motivation, decreased executive function or directly through the sleep disorder itself.

III. Prevention of SRBDs

• When a student is struggling academically, screening for a sleep disorder should be considered.
• Among children presenting with an ADHD symptoms or an ADHD diagnosis, screening for a co-morbid sleep disorder should occur.
• If SRBD last too long some of the symptoms and sequelae are irreversible. Therefore, early recognition of SRBD and thus early
therapy is important to rapidly eliminate its symptoms and to avoid the occurrence of typical comorbidities. Hence, early diagnosis
of SRBD is attributed to secondary prevention.

IV. Treatment of SRBDs

• Successful treatment can happen with the correct diagnosis.

• The orthodontics is well suited for treatment of SRBDs because they have good knowledge about growth and development of oro-
facial and dento-facial structures as well as orthopedic, orthodontic and surgical correction of the jaws and other supporting tissues.
• Orthodontics especially in younger children can correct the oral anatomy by providing oral appliance therapy, tongue retaining
devices and correcting habits like mouth breathing to prevent further development of SRBDs. Providing other orthodontic treatment
considering the hypothesis of airway centric. Some small surgical intervention like release of lingual frenum in cases with short
frenum and other complicated surgery like mandibular advancement can be used.
• Other treatment can provide by other specialist and after other diagnosis like Polysomnography (PSG) in sleep laboratory.

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