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Community Health Nursing Laboratory Notes - Module 2

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (University of Perpetual Help System DALTA)

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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING I

• According to Dr. Gundo Aurel Weiler, the
Director of WHO for Western Pacific:
o the cost of health is rising faster than the
economy, an observation present in Asia
and the Pacific (WHO, 2019).
o On average, there is only nearly 8% of
GDP dedicated to health while
governments worldwide aspire to commit
to a full universal health coverage. Thus,
disparity comes in.
• In the Philippines, spending for one’s health has
been one issue that concerns a lot of Filipinos for
some time already
o it pushes them further to poverty with its
rising cost (health care). Despite this,
the Philippine government with the
initiative of the Philippine Department of
Health and other government agencies,
hope to find some light that is shed by the
Millennium Development Goals, the
Sustainable Development Goals and the
Universal Health Care
The Millennium Development Goals
• UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon has cited:
o the MDGs as “the most successful
global antipoverty push in history.” This,
however, is just from the development
planning perspective, as he said that the
MDGs have evidently helped the United
nations in setting priorities and attaining
desired results.
• The Philippines has adopted the MDG targets
and ensured that the indicators would be relevant
to our national situation and context.
• But how does the MDG’s helped in our National
Health Situation? Has this really met its target for
2015?
challenges, lessons learned, best practices, and
recommendations to meet the MDGs.
• This report showed that the Philippines was on
track to meet the following MDG targets which
included:
1. Providing universal access to primary
education
2. Providing educational opportunities for
girls
3. Reducing infant and under-five mortality
4. Reversing the incidence of malaria
5. Increasing tuberculosis detection and
cure rates
6. Increasing the proportion of households
with access to safe water supply.
7. The target of halving the proportion of
people with no access to basic sanitation
has already been achieved.
• On the other hand, there is a need to exert
greater effort to accelerate progress on the
following areas where we are lagging behind:
1. Elementary education in terms of
completion rate
2. Maternal mortality
3. Access to reproductive health
4. HIV/AIDS

PROGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES ON MDGs

• On education:
o the participation rate has significantly
improved but the completion rate at the
elementary level has declined.
• On health:
o the increase in maternal mortality ratio
indicates that the target of 52 deaths per
100,000 live births has a low probability
of being met.
o The contraceptive prevalence rate
• Before reaching 2015, the “Philippines, in its decreased from 50.1 percent in 2008 to
Fifth Progress Report on the MDGs” with the 48.9 percent in 2011, still far from the
feedbacks from other government agencies, the country’s CPR target for 2015 which is at
academe, the research institutions, the civil 63 percent
society organizations, and the UN Country Team, ▪ indicates that the target for
was able to provide the status, trends, emerging universal access to reproductive
health is also unlikely to be
achieved.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING I

o Fast-tracking the implementation of the PLANNING AHEAD
Responsible Parenthood and • These above-mentioned results & challenges
Reproductive Health Law is crucial, not and the earnestness to achieve the MDGs
just in improving the performance of the reinforced the role of every stakeholder in the
MDG 5 targets, but also in empowering development process:
women to make informed choices. 1. The national government as the
▪ Efforts must be also intensified in enabling body for policy formulation
halting the increasing number of and budget allocation
HIV/AIDS cases. 2. The local government units as the
• On gender: frontline planners, resource
o Boys are at a disadvantage in terms of programmers and implementers of
elementary and secondary education policies and programs at the
participation, cohort survival rate, and grassroots level
completion rate. 3. The private sector as the
o The report also shows that more government’s partner in providing
females enroll in tertiary education investments and service delivery;
▪ there is a wide disparity in terms and
of functional literacy between 4. The civil society as active advocates
males and females, with the and monitors.
latter having theadvantage. • So, they have come together to identify the future
• Inequality at the national level has remained direction of the Philippines to further improve the
high as uneven progress across regions also situation of the country, specially the health. With
remains a pressing issue this, the Sustainable Development Goals came
o Regional assessments of the MDG’s right on time.
show that Bicol and most regions in
Mindanao performed poorly in most of MILLENNIUM & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
the goals, implying a high unmet need for GOALS
social services, economic opportunities,
and social safety nets.
o The signing of the Comprehensive
Agreement on the Bangsamoro,
however, is a milestone that hopes to
trigger genuine development in conflict-
torn areas in the South.
• Poverty incidence has been decreasing from
34.4 percent in 1991 to 25.2 in 2012.
o Poverty incidence in the first semester of
2013 was estimated at 24.9 percent
which shows a 3-percentage point
reduction from the 27.9 percent poverty
incidence recorded for the first semester
of 2012.
• The damage caused by typhoon Yolanda has
affected the progress for the MDGs, chiefly in
poverty reduction.
o The report says that natural disasters
and man-made blows hindered the
sustainability of poverty reduction efforts
making poverty incidence to increase, if
no appropriate social safety nets are
established to empower and protect the
most disadvantaged and vulnerable
sectors from further risks. The changes
in the weather has become constant
that government must figure out the
mitigation process that can be applied to
respond to climate change at the national
government focusing more on the local
areas, considering what is on hand and
what is still needed.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING I

DOH MILESTONES ▪ Registration of births, deaths, and
• The Philippine Department of Health is mainly marriages
the agency that monitors the health situation and 4. 1901
needs of the Filipinos. ▪ Insular Board of Health
o It has undergone several restructurings ▪ Provincial and municipal health boards
through the years in finding the right 5. 1905
construct for better health direction and ▪ Abolishment of the Insular Board of
the right structure or framework to Health
address the health needs of the people. ▪ Establishment of the Bureau of Health
o Despite such changes, the Philippine 6. 1906
Department of health has stood ▪ District health officers, instead of
steadfastly in addressing health provincial health boards
concerns and issues and this has been 7. 1912
proven until now, in the midst of the ▪ Fajardo Act
pandemic brought about by the Corona ▪ Consolidated municipalities into sanitary
Virus 19 disease caused by an infectious divisions
agent called Severe Acute Respiratory 8. 1915
Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS CoV ▪ Bureau of Health renamed and became
2). Philippine Health Service
9. 1932
▪ Office of the Commissioner of Health and
Public Welfare
10. 1941
▪ Formalized the Department of Health and
Public Welfare
11. 1947
▪ Reorganization and renaming of the
Department of Health and Public Welfare
into Department of Health
12. 1950
▪ Second Reorganization of the
Department
13. 1958
▪ Decentralization of Health Services
▪ Creation of 8 regional health offices
14. 1969
▪ Philippine Medical Care Act of 1969
15. 1970
▪ Restructured Health Care Service
Delivery:
i. Primary Level
ii. Secondary Level
iii. Tertiary Level
16. 1972
▪ Renamed in Ministry of Health
▪ Additional four regional health offices
17. 1982
▪ Creation of the Integrated Provincial
Health Office and Health Education and
Manpower Development Service
1. Before 1898 18. 1986-1987
▪ Hospital system with 13 hospitals ▪ Renamed back to Department of Health
▪ Central Board of Vaccination & Board of ▪ Additional 3 regional offices:
Health and Charity i. NCR
▪ Medicos Titulares ii. CAR
2. 1898 iii. ARMM
▪ Department of Public, Works, Education, ▪ National Health Facilities
and Hygiene 19. 1991-1993
▪ Board of Health for the City of Manila ▪ Office of Health Facilities, Standards,
3. 1899 and Regulation
▪ Abolishment of Board of Health ▪ Intensified Programs:
i. Doctors to the Barrios

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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING I

ii. National Micronutrient 34. 2016
Campaign ▪ Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022 “All
iii. “Let’s DOH it!” for Health towards Health for All”
20. 1999 Framework
▪ Health Sector Reform Agenda (HRSA) of 35. 2017
the Philippines 1999-2004 ▪ Philippine National Standards for
▪ National Objectives for Health 1999- Drinking Water of 2017
2004 ▪ DOH Quitline
21. 2000
▪ HRSA as the major framework for health UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE
policies and investments
22. 2001
▪ Guidelines on the HRSA implementation
plan with 13 convergence sites
23. 2003
▪ One-Script Systems Improvement
Program 68 DOH-retained hospitals
provided with fiscal autonomy
24. 2005
▪ FOURmula ONE for Health (F1) as
blueprint of reform
25. 2006
▪ National and international recognitions • The cost of health care is rising fast. This affects
from the Presidential Anti-Graft the average Filipino Family as health care needs
Commission and Guinness World become harder to address and meet.
Records Limited • The advent of the Universal Health Care
26. 2007 however, made the Philippine government shift to
▪ One-stop shop licensure system for investing more to health to respond to such
hospitals concern and make health care services more
▪ Sector-wide Development Approach for accessible and available to each Filipino.
Health • Primary health care therefore is their means of
27. 2008 reaching the Filipinos in any past of the country.
▪ Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and o Increased health care services therefore
Nutrition Strategy (MNCHN) meant an increase in health care facilities
▪ Universally Accessible Cheaper and and health professionals.
Quality Medicines Act of 2008
28. 2010
▪ Universal Health Coverage as the new
platform on health
29. 2011
▪ Framework on Health Sector Response
to Terrorism
▪ National Policy on Climate Change
Adaption for the Health Sector
30. 2012
▪ Sin Tax Reform Law
▪ Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act
31. 2013
▪ Food Safety Act
▪ Malaria Elimination Hubs
32. 2014
▪ Graphic Health Warnings Law
▪ Service Delivery Networks for Kalusugan
Pangkalahatan
33. 2015
▪ Universal Health Care-High Impact Five
(HI-5) Strategy for Hospitals
▪ DOH Academy

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