alefra RIE B302- Elamarts of Reroneatital Engincorig . Onit-5 ~> Hisstnoy ¢ Flight Orit it Wy Aircraft Configuaations ard 4hein Sunction Unt > Basler of Raredyremicn, | Und4t. 8 = Banton e Paopulkton Ont -Y > Aincnatt Atuctoes Uoit-r + Histony F Fight Trtheduction obsut otacaoft ia cooly developrent i a a |. ORNITHOPTER. LEONARDO DA VINCT ) ~ (R6-IHac) Crtoly’). LMONTGOLFLER BALLOON. gtan FRANCOTS PILATRE , MARU ied‘ ARLANDES | . 0783 Enorce) i | Malerial Unod~ Ailked ustth limod popen. | { ' IS LAFRANCE AIR SHIP_RENARD AND KREBS | (au) (Frene) Bead. tuYomph Elecbiically Powered propeller, 4s GRATEBEPPLIN RIRSHIP- (14.28). hydeegpn Med. | ~ (Zepplin Company) y% dHeal4 Comme acial punpore, 5} CAYLEYS Fiast ae fey Fectho > Blerghd) § Ainetion (m9). dagrad 1204 Flow receonfually ,6. OTTO LIVENTHAL GUIDER- otte & lionel — Fiat puarsrie Glider, ny. THE FLIER- ORVILLE ipIRIGT,» hiLaUR WRI Cog ~ Reed aonfrel Flight -¥40% - (eit ghows ~y Weeden prepallet' "4 Bowl > Garclire engine > Shey (ght word 8 Con plare - Herod Fabre - Iglor (France ). | _ Fleas ot shndy pusher “Hydow Qs FeTRIMSTORS ~ It Commercial plane - 1a20- Closed Gbin. lo GENERAL MeTtioN- Nato H: Bee — ' Beech crea —Busirony teat i Commercial AVIATION - AIR BUS - BeeInG. ys ¥, AVBepony | Ho. KMLITARY AVTeTioN — Heath £pacd jeoq | Cometh, Coctrolled Pigs | |——————————————ttts—e Palleen Flights + Hta CeritopHorally. the simplest e all flying smachines Gt a fabric anvclop git’ istth gnaitheit i lighten thon te sumrounding atmesphere | Hajenly it evil! be clni$ied an; # tctoin balloonfr ia Honl gelfien bal loon] * Ga balleen ae Hetain balloon: > | Chasle™ laws, ln { poncls a Gb Atethes theh Nduine. of gous tas S pirectly Proportional te tempore tf the ge: #& FH means tet when he'gas on het loin leallesn 16 heeled ,-the gs Sxpards. xk The balloon hosa ffxacl Volume but there H a hele at bottom. & Bo, oxcba Nolume Plows ott B the hele, fr the bsttom ef the kalleen & Tre Volume is Canstont 0, the | seight oB ain in ballon decrease. “ ane two types: * Zero p2eAswe balleon. 3 Supory premsure. balleon Super prem ballecn- * BHhKwa steugh ard inclastic envelope thet fs Filled vith Vight Os | pressure higher cthan thot of esclaanal latrangprhenic pramure ard ten Sealed. %* Ft mointoins Constar} Volume and Constont dently in Almasphono land Can mairtain Slight ond +i! ges leakage gpochally brings it chun.ZaNeo presure halleon: | * Trey one poottial inflated wit 2 Ae the Zoro premu7c balleon its gee oxpard te rraintain the Jem pre Difference ard-the ballean onvelepe Awellas. x Arte night Here, ste gas to prem balan Cools ond C ord Gaaaig' te ballaas ts Ainks a maintain altitude by releasing go> wh kt goes te high Gen) Felaaring loallaust shan tt Bink tes lew: | @rcarmple fon ges ballesn *. Cherlea and Reber, balleon. , UPrer) | AphonoAnne- Jean Rebavitand Nicolas Leuien Reha inverted fins hydrogen balleon pce eay \tE3. The Rebosite -diasdlved Atkbern ina &elution & trotentine whieh they om Vanished stitched togethes, vfchects! ef ATIK, ta moka main emclope Ft was Comparatively arcall a ‘geen? apiare @ sulbertacd «tlk ton tapeble of lighting ansind Ai 7" Fe wor Filled wHth hydragen rot had been ede by pouring . nearly a gposion Baten gk soll fos pruric, acid: inte a half ten eB AeAOP ineN ard hydrogen gan kan fed tats tte onvelape Vio lord pipes: ‘ORNITHS PER = ORNIT Hoes - Bird | Preren = Hig: | vi 1 | etn orvithopien fs an aine oH ah thet flea by flapping tte vt | » pl ppacial, feahwne a ‘n yw o | that de nat only generate WH ‘burl aleo | At i rs Designer poek te tnikale the flappi (wing Fight binds, bale ard Tasect a “Rovgh mac hipess diffen th iy ane uasvolly butlt orden nome | Acale an the Flying, creatives” | ge Manned canithepen have he alse wing - ord some hae ken U6 joe Sin tues lonrants da virci, tte « athe Pgh § binds in greopsh thet hurcem are * tno heat ard nal enough tes tly Unto, wirgn sien ib: te aus * ae ia qeberit Onctowttod onthitteplen finil Coppble Slight in’ Prone in uae te' aLbban hard Povuen aA éberall model bind. |] 7 e Conuiscislan ofl ¥ pilet), | ae Sh b>, Fertival Spenrcerr puccansiel | Plus a santa of Unrenred omtthopkn | ost, telonral Combustion orgine wth a wing - span of 2 fost. Gu matre) | etre alse fle ithe final puccenst) “lergine povored remataly piste} Vennithempken. kmewn as Spence ry nee Pane , whichha a biplane | Conti iqunation t= reduce cAcillation 4 Susalage | ok Monnad omithaptons fall tate tron | Gttegonicn } eT Hon "pouzriad oAniteple ns “i Pewrred “ an oars: Hibmon tooerthh, «opelBolraihat ort id sic} InGUs Irs a | Pres. . | ae A feheemortt Dirac i / | feR—= wing Atl f ’ Pin deiet —}— Pin jon [River (piver) —— re I ) GEARS weaiking pavaciple | * ona Atrechted flapping wong | Yiftta genercted Similan te an irflext Aiafeil, Plow agoient faom the front = Doig upward Starke ain flew hits tho wing rdatren than above ancl in Aownwerd Siaske aather than bstem. kK There modification are Small th area tle Wing Aect and act. bic towondn wing ue e a ; % Dung tre wind dosnwand | “Sreke .the IH olistatution ix wiqaen | then than uted glide ay, | Aiaplace +ewond, the Lwing ws |, * Hira ay te i ‘ | Y gneacteel along the ta asl are duoring A20ko mation. QtA + And the: using Upuard tslaoke » Cincumastarcen ton) revered; oral tle (5 “dis! atbutlion lAL arallen and mor Ahifted sk JTA! tHe hod wit silence let Yfouost iA :| bean iieerti Aud. athe i — , ~ He oe alaole, techard * TA Hen guider puond) Uitheut ony bl taigriticant force; ths only whith the Ae | Grog ° tf + Tn thy edwring a whole Sboppirg | Penida! litt & bind mroinly ganmatad jo the ® ONE. WIP ond cteust in the hand | wing: Te ‘ster GAL in the al wg ta recomany Fe A, gonenctiean f looge sawing downward strcke, Bota oe Pin alto daid thet aleuing io clown stroke ae Aoat WAHT celens 94 icdia planes leyjiblaghs boagthens': ORVILLE NRIGHT A WILBUR HRIGHT - } ‘eee Axis Con Stor ive2 2 PS bes > Aileron';"Rallling ae Elerdlert-Pitchup 4 Pgh decay = Reddea - yawing, i_& Nila bnight-Wwarnborn on Apsgl IBEX and ORVIlle Waght was Born on IST. In 1846 tte Iilienthal way ace; | Killed chonteg a glider Slight ond in Leake cB publicity’ «bright bastions i th Pirtation ad zecall iliarthal glider, Ahoun tn fliskt phategaaghy around He waald- 8 " “e Wibun eck up He sledy of Bind oA guide on pooh rtosnonds tle mes bang Hight * port % Trea led Mm te “Ganclide igaq biady Pagasn tte lateral! balanco usten posit orton ky a Horan Gast of aired by te Hips ef He wing A * Te Um & wi Pwish te cactro] | ainplare in” Geral motion. "i { ok Elersnaiore ured modo ‘aap | fox thin purpose pbuh ts ten pope PON discaibi. + Ty 194 Hey fed 4 tein ant aircroft, a biplage kite, ith an Lung pon Bf 5S fact and tere machine «my Aerelqnad ts test Aes Comcopst & wig Nappl which Wor cc hi Sour Cotelleg ABI frm He ~ s——————<—<———— i yolk By Nesting, te tle US pbagthesn b/w felird ond Jideal pan’. ton glider | eapentmenty, thet omen oopurd "KITTY HONE” roy Te: thvertted bdght ore: qlidder, it foal! 1# feat using Apory and a horizontal | clevaten. in Farent Sie of He Wig ard wan | unually flown on strings Faom tHe grows Quoiloce- clon tant With, adcceny behind Rem wwilbun ond - hebharlla. Rated ce, 9O°2 glider vita action. maving te “Kall Devil tills ber bare'sB OP? Lmilan from tie TROTY Hawk” tested @lidery 2 during \aol 24 ) ge Tea wore mrestly manndd Plight joith yaledt Shh lying On He ote cing fact tists “He Sues FA, naw later war fetta ae with 22 fet wieg apen hon uth all Weight machires, St had a hori2eAtal | clevatears an Froct F the coing: of a ght by wp “Tr A992 , He pease urderitest tHe eden progrom B Aerorauctteal tesecnch ard bail a bird Tunnel ord totttad kahe-sttan, 22° Aifferont oonsfeil Bhapea. 4 | = K “Ln 1902, te number Heco glick, Clamificd one it uns Contact sell Plown at tHe KILL DEVIL MILLS! x Gt was biplaro glider witha . 9a Sect using Span and the lorgext aide HiIl deod ee oar* AME Suma modificalien +h, < ene ee Audden'lablind thes ap : K WRIA duddar’ wor movable Gnd uy Croursched te ereve | Qirwhtarestis pracfe ae vary Wapping ard ari He. Semel * Wie wopPt bon an anls Aystem fon \jatenal Ceartrc| Goll) Ba Bixcdl Wing ainiered+ consists Ra Syston § pulleys) ond” ables to iat the tawili alge Qe Wings in apposite | rection He a et ve & "deat val wapping (ailenem) ur arate ten Casttnilocstt | of weld) brsthea te-caqtael Yo-Nigh is gereral | In [108 ; 3 POA prrdace ID HPS Power and we} as ard defined an offocttye: cog, QoolBS : *& In1403 clorely 7Foeanambded tHe NO.3 | 1B ‘boa a wing PAN & Go fact and’ Ua a deulele Audders bolind the ustinga arel levied | clovetters in free Bide Yo “si we Jere vO Apectacelon geaclire angina dasving +o pated up te Srspaltdon hain named ors "Weg Wt: a | y t & \stcycle aw | ore” || \ bling Spo Ce | ok Te bizaght Flyan one un te mov along dee launching mail, urden ths apewen picking wp own Plight Gt lifted SE propaaly but Suddarily vat ito a steap cbimbh stalled and PThumbad pack +e Ho Preatind % Gt racerded Came & Pilot arror th p. 5 Plight alua te tS0 much cluster ond oes He nem tbo hgh: | & Affe Come procbidicainn Nad hael rode tHe NAN fimt gucconful hou tan Her lain fight at #32 fet Famoining fr Ar 59 Seconds.tHe paaght flyien Twos TH des & Wing Cambor (Atrotet| commtlata) are mane Pesortal and afficiest anging ik Tn 1208 , Ho Wight Ayer Wo won alight, araller than Yer Bt bipbre ol peers begpn arel oon placad pottor inf. | Pte Winger) Peubk anddeay ao alas loagan, land pl frettian back bchind de wi improved paopellban are vac are H+ Lm Yo Simt practical alnphre tn Histery + | “ | & Tn t908 -ttey build ottest Bmw erg ‘and also Htey Obaiagny a raw fyi thet aan to patel Atardord oe na but HH hos +e ho Hepaun a: Giselle dus ieasie aad sy Pt eae nee o7) upttught brlwecn, | eae Nrignt DER Tyeeajalia | Biploras kod Biplane 1A a, fixed wigy alacaatt with |+teso rmain ut astoc kad. dre abovs th, sthen, ye Siowt powered coatnallad ainplane +e fiby. ») [Te tid thpa Ee biplare wing ae a thor We bliza \ jars ; ~ ohh MEE py ay | * Ab Biplare using Comfiguoaion zbucloe her oo Atowchon! advantage over al wonoplone oat iH praducen a more dt SERA Atentleny jamebnBaceac (or) Grthilever Mansplant wing |g Rp panved! stanchion Aonbntg.cs,betlen, Imateriak, andthe qest for lator Apa made ste | biplane Gafiguration absoltte fam reos} of tle prapesen F ay Riplare pew Sar0| odherloge oR Qaovertional Grtlevear monoplone dongs The Permit, Itahten wing ahucteaen, low Wt load lard asmallen ApON, Fer a Gin Laing ge& F & § t i r , coch wi inereoren eS ia| md clearly reodd wl whith Gunes addrHorel bog: } Refinition Baacing: | GH tp a additonal siauctioal membon latiffen tre furcttonal ai7: to gi aigiaity and Hreghunden the lead Condit fory Cheoncleriastr & biplanss # Jn biplane aineraf} two things one Pl ore above He onsite cach provides pot Ae although hey ove oct able +o thstce ad much litt asa single Gimilan Aizeord Ahape becoune tle UPPBAL and | Jewer ane working om recently ‘te Aare. porrtt | hho atrneapheze fRleaeo with cach stor | echowioun: ae YH bipbre Configuration Hea He lower twit tn coc hed te “tle ~urtlage which He Upper vt tA raved prae tHe Sunde woth an “Cakere. xtrutla’ at WW othe: ine eee hoe gl a anongement 1k ier 071 both eB this nan wing Gn fupportt atheors by Taps aco vavally plcad tte lower.wing; . % Brarigg by neal clea add up beh faerie pg oo Istory sutls placed Yauyrn i Aida of Ho Susal rymmnatacally on oi [1 # Tatenplare atruils bald opaoit tte ws fa biplane Cen) all biplane ata i att Vea te ard) bwer Loinge Canreclal by 4 Yatonplare ustth He Uppen tng, Pusnhi Othe, ee Het and Conrdctad “te “Tt by a VAherle, teeske The Flying wires aun upuanel ard eastmand forom “le baer using ste landing wire aumoloonnn ard outward Frente uppon wing: Advarita ges: * Te primary adwarlage ef biplane over Ho t2adttionol single plar® co) mono plane ites Combine | great altro with oa ligkt weight. ae vA — monaplane wing must Auppoat ttrel} while tHe wo wi Biplane helped ts | fen coch oiler. v 2. - | ge A chouchorl Foren inthe apork f a biplare just donc te lower Soe Wwhg Con vie leas malerdal |e Stain “the aome overall pength ord Heaciare much lightan. (Dinadvoritagas & GH read of ela slack to space the wings opactt oHbough He ane i Peqpiorad | aooby rencplane 2aduced -thin lanka pe Ripbras Suffern aoaddynabiic jntosfonance | pakucein “hve plares TH maans theta biplane | Qecandt obslain taste te litt of He Aimtlenly Pized mereplere Clamificalion of bi pleres: | i) Unequal ii) Sorqui plare ‘ili) Inverted Scaqui planevorsaamm he panied uA biplans in_which ero ering, Conall 4 bee) iA: Ahesilom than. othes Known on Unequel Apan biplane . ii) Seaqui-plare - f C \ ! \ { \ f \ | Ves |, \ = aa Se == th & wtGH ina Heal ecricbtdins Holt planeiin a tipo tg one BO ote il significantly Amallon tan (ereavuiie & span wise) Opps pee t+ pa Tavertad Seagut plane mi : — rap \ totin ff ~ telpooy) ¢ ria Hina Vteaelly ore and a half plane ina type Ff biplane in which uUpRen using w sentially, araller than(rra whe s Apan w*tre) lowen wing. Monoplanes 1 % A rompbre in a fixod ving area} with & fing le main using plane, indartrect a Gaia a raul? plane, Bach 8. which has muttige planar. ol Moneplane inkozerttt the highest Aficle ior lecceat of ony | Corti Epon trary and AK Simplest te bate € Te inhomert FFicieney ef tle reenaplanewirea Peri Zee broad wing hos alan, ae eT as Gan be made aaah: iner, thet fern a wig pa q' Het. RTO es, fete Pigislone> Lith a | size wnoct Alte ee acing allaws t-te Fly slwer ine While a beat Cantilever ing needa me7e real age iB monoplane: | 6 Berider tHe renal Vesuation eB wi | canftgunation such aa toil pmition ord dle pain distnction eshvesn “Ye types of Mreneplaras - how Ligh up tte Inlire TP Trenbe prop fo orton cop iee oy Heotzomal oppor 7 Sethe fan gy crmk => turbo jot tor > nok > Rodiala wy Ran Tad (Random Bin mation ) i vlype GFSline > CRAM Wet Eriste rbuttor, ‘ “y Pale eb. Parton bala: Developmartt in mbuehanen (rderaty ) => Mono Coque > kmi- Honecoque => Wize baac eck Bhuchog,M" Slehepencitts in reihanials- Lf Alan e Furolage , dab ilizon, Cotbel p mT eel landing goo - > FHitaniom - Engired Comporenta > Compost wrthoai ly /@kn Pte, Qrbors = | é Gearndusich Conmstowitibinn,)