RULE 2

14) Expain Rule 2 ( b ) with Model .

Situation - 1
- We are (2) PDV, sir.
- We are in sight of one another, meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal course & ROC involove.
- According to Rule 14, this is Head-on situation and each shall alter her course to stbd side so that
each shall pass on the port side of the other, sir.
- I check sufficient sea-room, available depth of water, navigational harzards and traffic density on
the starboard side.
- There is shallow water on my stbd side, sir.
- If I alter course to stbd side, I may encounter danger of navigation, sir.
- If I proceed and don't take action, I will meet immediate danger (on my right ahead), sir.
- The whole situation is special circumstances, sir.
- So, I may make departure from complying with Colrege 72 Rule (Rule 14), sir.
- I check sufficient sea-room, available depth of water, navigational hazards and traffic density on
the port side.
- There is suffiecient sea-room on the port side.
- I contact the other vsl by VHF on my intention.
- Accoding to Rule 34 (a) & (b), I will give 2 short blasts on my whistle and supplemented 2 flashs
by light signal.
- Then I make bold alteration to port side and checked until the other vsl is passed and cleared.
- Whenever making departure from Colreg 72 Rules, it is important that the result must be
successful action, sir.

Situation - 1 Situation - 2

Situation - 2
- There is overtaking vsl on my stbd side, sir.
- If I alter course to stbd side, I may encounter danger of collision with the overtaking vsl, sir.

Situation - 3 Situation - 4

Situation - 3
- There is overtaking vsl on my stbd side and shallow water is on the stbd side of overtaking vsl,sir.
- If I alter course to stbd side, I may encounter danger of collision and daner of navigation, sir.
- At that time, the limitation of the vessel is the overtaking vsl's, sir.

Situation - 4
- There is convoy of vsls on my stbd side,sir.
- If I alter course to stbd side, I may encounter danger of collision, sir.
- The whole situation is special circumstances including the limitation of the vessel's involved, sir.
RULE 7
How many bearings? Which one is danger ? Explain with model.
Open Bearing Close Bearing Steady Bearing

- This is my PDV. The other PDV is on my port side.

- I check the compass bearing at regular intervals. (345 > 290 > 250)
- Bow angle increase & passing astern of my vsl.
- This is the Open Brg, sir.

- This is my PDV. The other PDV is on my port side.

- I check the compass bearing at regular intervals. (280 > 315 > 350)
- Bow angle decrease & passing ahead of my vsl.
- This is the Close Brg, sir.

- This is my PDV. The other PDV is on my port side.

- I check the compass bearing at regular intervals. (345 > 345 > 345)
- Beaing is constant and distance decreases.
- This is the Steady Brg, sir.

Explain Rule 7 (d) (i) (ii) with Model.

- This is my PDV. The other PDV is on my stbd side.
- I take the bearing to that vsl. Brg: is 045.
- After regular interval, I take the bearing , Brg: is 044.
- After regular interval, I take the bearing again, Brg: is 043
- Beaing does not appreciably change and distance decreases.
- So, ROC exists. This is Rule 7(d)(i) sir.

- This is my PDV. The other PDV is on my stbd side and she is very large vessel. (towing vsl)
- I take bearing forward part of that vsl (towing vsl). Brg: is 045.
- After regular interval, I take the bearing forward of that vsl(towing vsl), Brg: is 020.
- After regular interval, I take the bearing again, Brg: is 355, but collide with that vsl's stern. (vsl /obj being towed)
- Even when the bearing appreciably changes, sometimes ROC may exist when a very large
vessel or a tow is approaching (or) when approaching a vessel at close range.
- This is Rule 7(d)(ii) sir.
 RULE 8
33) Explain Rule 8 f(i) f(ii) f(iii) with model.
VEF Vs PDV (In NC)
- This is NC.
- My vsl is PDV. The other vsl is VEF.
- According to Rule 9(c), VEF must not impeded the safe passage of my vsl.
- She is the vsl not to impede and I am the vsl not to be impeded.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(i), VEF must take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe
passage of my vessel.
- According to Rule 34(d), I give at least 5 short and rapid blasts on my whistle, supplemented by
light signals and carefully checked the situation.
- If VEF didn't not take any action, 2 vessels are approaching and ROC involve.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(ii), VEF is not relieved her obligation of Rule 8(f)(i) to take early action
to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of my vessel, and she must comply with Part-B,
Steering and Sailing Rules.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(iii), I must also comply with Part-B, Steering and Sailing Rules.

VCD Vs PDV (In Open Sea)

- There are 2 vsls.
- This vsl is PDV. The other vsl is VCD.
- According to Rule 18 (d)(i), PDV must avoid impeding the safe passage of VCD.
- PDV is the vsl not to impede and VCD is the vsl not to be impeded.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(i), PDV must take early action to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe
passage of VCD.
- According to Rule 34(d), VCD give at least 5 short and rapid blasts on her whistle, supplemented
by light signals and carefully checked the situation.
- If PDV didn't not take any action, two vessels are approaching and ROC involve.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(ii), PDV is not relieved her obligation of Rule 8(f)(i) to take early action
to allow sufficient sea-room for the safe passage of my vessel, and must comply with Part-B,
Steering and Sailing Rules.
- According to Rule 8 (f)(iii), VCD must also comply with Part-B, Steering and Sailing Rules.

RULE 9
16) Explain R 9(e) with Model .
- This is NC.
- I am the vsl intendting to overtake. She is the vsl to be overtaken.
- In NC or fairway, According to Rule 9 (e), overtaking can take place only if the vsl to be overtaken
has to take action to permit safe passing.
- So, I will check Sufficient sea-room, Available depth of water, Navigational hazards, Traffic density
and Following traffic.
- Port side is safe and clear. So I intend to overtake from her port side.
- According to R 34 (c)(i) , I shall indicate my intention by sounding two prolonged blasts followed
by two short balast on my whistle.
- If she agrees, According to R 34 (c)(ii) , she shall sound one prolonged, one short, one prolonged,
one short in that order and take steps to permit safe passing. If necessassary she may reduce speed.
- (According to R 34 (a) & (b) , I give two short blasts on my whistle, supplement by light signal.)
- Then I alter to port side and overtake her with safe distance.
- (During overtaking, I have to pay attention the effect of Interaction.)
==================================================================
- If in doubt, According to R 34 (d) , she may sound at least 5 short and rapid blasts on whistle.
- At this time, I reduce my speed until there is sufficient sea-room.
 RULE 10
27) Explain "Right of the way" with Model.
- This is TSS.
- According to Rule 10 (b), I am proceeding in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of
traffic flow; and keep clear of traffic separation line or separation zone.
- According to Rule 10 (c), the other vsl is crossing traffic lane on a heading at right angles to the
general direction of traffic flow.
- According to Rule 10 (a), both vsls must comply with any other Rules.
- According to Rule 15, this is crossing situation.
- Even though I am through-going vsl, I has no special privilege or right of the way.
- I must keep out of the way of that vsl on my stbd side, sir.

RULE 13
6) Explain R 13 ( c ) with model by"Yawing / Practical Cut Off / Day Time"
- My vessel is coming up from a direction approximately 22.5˚ abaft her beam.
- My vsl's speed is greater than her speed and distance is decreasing between us.
- Due to yawing effect, I can see the other vsl's stern light and sidelight alternately.
- (Due to practical cut-off, I can see both stern light and sidelight of the other vsl at the same time.)
- According to Rule 13(b), I would be able to see only the stern light of the other vsl but
neither of her sidelights.
- So, I am in doubt whether I am overtaking the other vsl or not.
- According to Rule 13(c), if in any doubt, I must assume that I am overtaking and
I must keep out of the way of the vsl being overtaken.
Day Time
- I don't know exactly reference position.
- So, I cannot determine whether I am more than 22.5˚ abaft her beam or less than 22.5˚ abaft her beam.
10) Explain R 13 ( d ) (UHMK). Explain R 13 ( d ) with model.

- This is my vsl. (Vsl B)

- My vsl's speed is greater than that vsl's speed and I am coming up from more than 22.5° abaft
her stbd beam. So I am ovetaking vessel and I must keep out of the way of that vsl.
- Then I reach her stbd abeam and then I reach fwd of her stbd beam.(draw ahead)
- There is an alteratin point. or (a shallow water ahead of me.)
- Subsequently, I alter my course to port and make a crossing course(to ahead of that vsl).
- Due to subsequent alteration of the bearing between vsls, it does not become crossing situation.
I am still overtaking vessel and not relieve the dudy of to keep clear until she is finally passed and clear.
- First I see her starboard sidelight then both her sidelights, finally her port sidelight and distance is far away.

RULE 14
7) Explain R 14 ( c ) with Model by " Yawing / Day Time ".
- This is my PDV. The other vsl is also PDV.
- I see the other vsl ahead or nearly ahead.
- Due to yawing effect, I see sometimes only her port sidelight & sometimes only her stbd sidelight.
- According to Rule 14(b), I could see both sidelights, but now I cannot see.
- So, I am in doubt whether this is Head-on Situation or not.
- According to Rule 14(c),if in any doubt, I must assume that this is Head-on situation and
each shall alter her course to stbd side so that each shall pass on the port side of the other, sir.

- This is my PDV. The other vsl is also PDV.

- I see the other vsl ahead or nearly ahead.
- I see the other vsl sometimes fine on port bow & sometimes fine on stbd bow.
- I could not see the masts of the other vsl in a line or nearly in a line.
- So, I am in doubt whether this is Head-on Situation or not.
- According to Rule 14(c),if in any doubt, I must assume that this is Head-on situation and
each shall alter her course to stbd side so that each shall pass on the port side of the other, sir.

- This is my PDV.
- I see the other vsl ahead or nearly ahead.
- It is difficult to recognize the day signal of the other vsl.
- I cannot determine the other vsl is PDV or hampered vsl.
- So, I am in doubt whether this is Head-on Situation or not.
- According to Rule 14(c),if in any doubt, I must assume that this is Head-on situation and take action
as per Rule 14 (a). I shall alter to stbd and pass on her port side, sir.