122 2005-09

www.foreverspace.com.
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www.foreverspace.com.mm
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jynfaxmifpk rNyKduaJG &; 'kYd ta&;
wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrI rNyKduGJa&; 'kYdta&;
tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhckdifNrJa&; 'kYdta&;
jynfoo Yl abmxm;
Ä jynfytm;ukd; ykqdef½kd; tqkd;jrif0g'Drsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
Ä EkdifiHawmf wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;ESifh EkdifiHawmfwkd;wufa&;ukd aESmifh,Suf zsufqD;olrsm;tm; qefYusifMu/
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Ä jynfwGif;jynfy tzsuform;rsm;tm; bkH&efoltjzpf owfrSwfacsrIef;Mu/
Ekid if aH &;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

Ä Ekid if aH wmfwnfNidraf &;? &yf&mG at;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;?
Ä trsKd;om; jyefvnfpnf;vkH;nDñGwfa&;?
Ä ckid rf monfh zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya'opf jzpfay:vma&;?
Ä jzpfay:vmonfh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'opfEiS t hf nD acwfrzD UHG NzK;d wk;d wufaom Ekid if aH wmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&;?
pD;yGm;a&;OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

Ä pkdufysKd;a&;ukdtajccHí tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;ukdvnf; bufpkHzGHUNzKd;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?
Ä aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpmG jzpfay:vma&;?
Ä jynfwGif;jynfyrS twwfynmESifh t&if;tESD;rsm; zdwfac:í pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzKd;wkd;wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;?
Ä Ekid if aH wmfp;D yGm;a&;wpf&yfv;Hk ukd zefw;D Ekid rf pI rG ;f tm;onf Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf wkid ;f &if;om;jynfow
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Ä wpfrsKd;om;vkH;\ pdwf"mwfESifh tusifhpm&dwåjrifhrm;a&;?
Ä trsKd;*kPf Zmwd*kPf jrifhrm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;? trsKd;om;a&;vu©Pmrsm; raysmufysufatmif
xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&;?
Ä rsKd;cspfpw
d "f mwf &Siof efxufjrufa&;?
Ä wpfrsKd;om;vk;H usef;rmBuHch idk af &;ESihf ynm&nfjrifrh m;a&;?
This magazine is founded and managed

by board of directors of Myanmar Partners Think Tank Group in June, 1995
underlicensed of Living Color.
RECYCLE
KEEP THE WORLD GREEN.
1/ þpmtkyfwGif azmfjyxm;aom owif;? owif;aqmif;yg;? aqmif;yg;ESifh tjcm;azmfjycsuftm;vHk;

uavmiftrnf azmfjyxm;onfjzpfap? uavmiftrnf razmfjybJxm;onfjzpfap LIVING COLOR
t,f'w D mtzGUJ \ tmabmfjzpfonf/
2/ þpmtkyw f iG f azmfjyxm;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk LIVING COLOR r*¾Zif;rS &&Sad Mumif;
azmfjyí vGwfvyfpGm udk;um;Edkifygonf/
3/ þpmtky\ f ]aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;owif;} u@wGif azmfjyxm;aom owif;rsm;(txl;ojzifh abmifcwf
azmfjyaom owif;rsm;) ukd Ekid if jH cm;bmomjzihf xkwaf 0aeaom rD',
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bmomjyefqdkazmfjyvdkygu LIVING COLOR \ cGifhjyKcsuf &,l&rnfjzpfygonf/
EDITORIAL
pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&mtoif;tzGJ hrsm;
ukd,fykdiftjrifESifU &yfwnfcsufrsm;vkdtyf
aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfukd usifhokH;aomEkdifiHwpfck\ t*Fg&yfjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m toif;tzGJUrsm;pGm
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ay:aygufwnf&SdaecJhNyD;jzpfonfukd pmzwfolrsm;tm;vkH;tod jzpfygonf/ UMFCCI ac:
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH ukefonfrsm;ESifh pufrIvufrIvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;csKyfrSonf e,fy,ftoD;oD;? vkyfief;
toD;oD;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKaom toif;tzGJUrsm;pGm ay:aygufcJh? ay:aygufqJjzpfNyD; xkdtoif;tzGJUrsm;ukd a,bk,s
tm;jzifh tpkd;&r[kwfaomtoif;tzGJUrsm; NGO [k em;vnfxm;Muayonf/
txufygpD;yGm;a&;qkdif&m toif;tzGJUrsm;ukd ynm&yfqkdif&mtm;jzifh Interest Group [k ac:qkdygonf/
qkvd odk nfrmS tzGUJ tpnf;ausmaxmufaemufcjH yKxm;aom oufqidk &f mavmuom;rsm;\ tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd azmfaqmif
ay;&ef zGUJ pnf;xm;aomtoif;rsm;jzpfonf[í l jzpfygonf/ oufqidk &f mavmuom;rsm;\ tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd azmfaqmif
ay;a&;qko d nfrmS pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'rsm;ESiyhf wfoufí pDrcH efYco JG rl sm;\tjrif? oufqidk &f m pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,frv S yk if ef;&Sif
(avmuom;)rsm;\tjrifESifh ynm&Sifrsm;tjrif ponfh tjrifokH;rsKd;teuf oufqkdif&m e,fy,favmuom;rsm;
\tjrifudk uk, d pf m;jyKwifjyí rQwNyD; jzpfEidk af jc&Sad om&v'frsm;tm; Oya'vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ESithf nD &&Sad p&ef
aqmifMuOf;ay;Ekdifa&;ukd qkdvkdygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd toif;tzGJUrsm;pGmwkdYteuf rnfonfhtoif;tzGJUrsm;onf pGrf;aqmif&nfjynfh0í rnfonfh
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf pGrf;aqmif&nfrjynfh0aMumif; oufqkdif&mavmuom;rsm; todjzpfí þudpu ö kd raqG;aEG;
vkdyg/ okdYaomfvnf; Oyrmtjzpf oufqkdif&me,fy,f\ tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd odomxif&Sm;pGm aqmifMuOf;ay;Ekdifaom
toif;tzGJUwpfckukd Oyrmtaejzifh azmfjyvkdygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH ig;vkyfief;tzGJUcsKyf\½kH;wGif ¤if;\vufatmufcHtzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGuf ½kH;cef;rsm;? tzGJU0if
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf Common Room ? acwfrDtpnf;ta0;cef;rsm; &SdaeNyD; ½kH;cef;toD;oD;rSaeí jrefEIef;
jrifh tifwmeuftok;H jyKEkid o f nfudk awGU&onf/ arG;jrLa&;ESihf a&vkyif ef;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; tygt0if oufqidk &f m
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S of nfudk awGU&onf/ þtcsurf sm;rSm Ekid if w H umwGif jrifawGU&avh&adS om
Interest Group rsm;\ vkyfenf;vkyf[efyif jzpfygonf/
pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'rsm;ESifhywfoufí pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;\tjrif? ynm&Sifrsm;\tjrifESifh oufqkdif&me,fy,frS
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;\tjrif[lí tjrifokH;rsKd;&SdonfhtaMumif; txufwGif azmfjycJhygonf/ trsKd;om;tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh
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wGif rwlnaD om½Iaxmifrh sm;rS rwlnaD omtjrifrsm; pkpnf;Ekid rf o S m &v'faumif;rsm; ay:xGuEf idk rf nf jzpfayonf/
jrefrmEkdifiHwGif oufqkdif&me,fy,f\ tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd xdxda&mufa&muf raqmifMuOf;Ekdifaom pD;yGm;a&;
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\tjrifukd iSm;&rf;okH;pGJxm;onfukd jrifawGU&aMumif; pD;yGm;a&;ynm&SifwpfOD;u okH;oyfonf/
t,f'Dwm
1-8-2005
2005. SEPTEMBER. LIVING COLOR. 1

vkyfief;rSwfwrf;
Board of Editors Publisher
Chief Editor -
ausmfrif;aqG OD;&JEkdif0if; (NrJ- 3755)
Editor In Charge (Production) -
rif;Zif trSwf 70(w)? aiG0wfrIef&dyfom
Editor In Charge (On Duty) -
rif;Ekdifpkd;
a&TawmifMum;? A[ef;NrKdUe,f? &efukef/
Editor In Charge (News) -
rsKd;nGefYarmif
Senior Executive Editors -
ausmfEkdif? rif;Ekdifpkd;? Printer
atmif ausmf rif ;? bkef;jrifhOD; Living Color ykHESdyfwkduf (NrJ-06348)
Executive Editors - aEG;tdNidrfh? ckdifcsKdaZmf0if;wif? trSwf 27? jynfvrf;? vIdifNrKdUe,f? &efukef/
ZifZifaomf? EGJYauckdif Office
Research & Development Editor - oD&daZmf
trSwf 270? 1-C? (y-xyf)? Lucky Nice Tower?
Chief Reporter - aomif;xkduf
Staff Reporters -qef;OD;(pD;yGm;ynm)? wifvif;? pk;d ,ka0?
jynfvrf;? ajreDukef;? prf;acsmif;NrKdUe,f? &efukef/
xm;xm;jrifh? auckdifausmf? opfxG#f? zkef;-526302? 504496? 4412163? zufpf-526302
omrkd;Munfatmif? oef;xku d o f l? vif;opf E-mail
Art Director Chief Editor - c-editor@myanmarpartners.com.mm
pkd;aomfwm News Room - myanfo@myanmarpartners.com.mm
DTP Department Marketing - paz@myanmarpartners.com.mm
Supervisor -
rckdif Web Site - www.foreverspace.com.mm
Staff Operators - rif;rif;ol? ik0gcki

d ?f aqGZift?d apmtDvidk ;f *sm Photographer - K.M.S (Super King), P.A.Z
Accountant B/W Film - PERFECT
at;at;qifh Binding - opöm pmtkyfcsKyf
Assistant - rsKd;Zmenf Upper Myanmar Distributor
Advertising Department xGef;OD;pmay? rEÅav;/
General Manager -
azatmifZif Cover Permission - 5406530507
Manager (Marketing) -
ausmfoljrifhatmif Circulation - 1000
Assistant Manager (Design & Planning) -
Zmenf0if; Price - 700 usyf
Assistant Manager (Admin & Marketing) pef;oDwm- Copyright - Living Color
Senior Marketing Assistants -
apma*;aexl;?
apmqmuD;vm; aMumfjimESifhaps;0,fvrf;ñTef
Marketing Assistants - jzLjzLoD? apmarmifarmifav;?
jrwfukdZif? oD[aZmf aus;Zl;wifvTm
Printing þr*¾Zif;yg owif;? aqmif;yg;ESifh ukefaps;EIef;rsm;
Manager - apmrkd;Zuf twGuf tultnDay;cJhMuaom OK tDvufxa&mepf?
Production
*rkef;yGifhukefwkduf? ausmufajrmif;pwkd;? bk&ifhaemif ukef
Manager - wif0if;xG#f pnf'kdif? a&Ttkd;qefqkdif (ouFef;uRef;)? OD;bpdef tqifhjrifh
Assistant - [efjrifh vQyfppff? a':at; tqifhjrifhvQyfppff? Mr.Slim, Ever Fine,
Admin KMD Computer Center, Client Focus Technology
Office Superintendent - atmifausmfqef; Group, Bagan Cybertech, pmayavmu(3) wkYd Ei
S hf anmif
Assistant -
rkd;ausmfvGif yifav;aps;? r*Fvmaps;rS rdwfaqGrsm;? pma&;q&m? yef;csD
Receptionist - pktdaÈÓD; q&m? umwGef;q&m? 'DZkdif;q&mESifh rdwfaqGo*F[rsm;?
Distribution Department ykHESdyf? zvif? pmtkyfcsKyftzGJU? a&mif;0,folrsm;? iSm;&rf;ol
odef;vGif? apmuay:xl; rsm;? zwf½Itm;ay;olrsm;ESifh pmtkyfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf
Cover Design - atmif x G e f ; vif ; tbufbufrS yg0ifulnDoltm;vkH;ukd Myanmar Part-
Cover Logo - atmifrif;? baX;Munf? jrifharmifausmf ners Think Tank Group rS aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/
Illustrator - soe thaw dar
2 LIVING COLOR. SEPTEMBER. 2005.

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(*) vQyfppfpuf0dkif; 141 19ç726 ,SONf yKid Ef idk &f eftwGuf pepfwus okaw
oejyKjcif;ESihf ADZrsK;d ½k;d rsm; aumif;onf
1999 ckESpfrS 2004 ckESpftxd a&oGif;pdkufysKd;rI tajctae
xufaumif;atmif jyKjyifzefw;D jcif;wkYd
ckESpf tom;wifpdkuf{&d,m a&oGif;pdkuf{&d,m a&oGif;pdkuf vkyfaqmifygu jrefrmhv,f,mu@
({uoef;) ({uoef;) &mckdifEIef; twGuf rsm;pGm tusK;d &Srd nfjzpfaMumif;
1999-2000 25.04 4.55 18.2 pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ynm&Sirf sm;u oH;k oyf ajym
2000-2001 25.89 4.71 18.2 Mum;onf/
2001-2002 26.33 4.91 18.6
2002-2003 26.73 4.62 17.3 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh 90 &mcdkifEIef;Mum; odyÜH
2003-2004 27.27 5.22 19.1 ESr;f eufpu kd yf sK;d Ny;D pD;Ny;D jzpfonf/ atmifvH
NrdKUe,f a&Tyef;awmBuD;wpftkyfpkom
Ref: Myanmar Agricluture in Brief 2005.
ESr;f jzLESihf ESr;f eDpu kd yf sdK;rItcsdKU&SNd yD; usef
tkypf t k m;vH;k onf odyEHÜ rS ;f eufukd &mEIe;f
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&aMumif;? tqdkyg vdkufem&rnfh pnf;
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bGJU'D*&Dxuf tvkyfavQmufxm;ol\
Personal Skill ukd Munfhí tvkyfcefY
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xkdufoifhqDavsmfaom tvkyftukdif?
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enf;pepfwpfckjzpfaom obm0enf; acwfreD nf;pepfrsm;? "mwkaA'aq;0g; awGU&Sd&onf/
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&Szd Ykdvakd Mumif; atmifqef;uGi;f wGiyf rkH eS f cifarmif0if;u ajymMum;onf/ tqD onf/
oGm;a&mufupm;avh&Sdol rrdk;rdk;u usaq;? ydefaq;rsm;udk aomufoHk;rI ]]wcsdKUawG e*dkbma&m*grSr&SdbJ
ajymMum;onf/ ydkrdkrsm;jym;vm&m jrefrmh½dk;&mwdkif;&if; tqDusaq;aomufrS tpmtdrfa&m*g
]]ud,k u f ydecf siv
f Ykd? tcsKd ;uscsivf dkY aq;vkyfief;rsm;rSyif tqDusaq;rsm; jzpfwo hJ &l w dS ,f/ tqDusaq;? ydeaf q;
gym ud k v mumrS enf ; jyq&mru xkwfvkyfvmMuonf/ aps;uGuf0if aomuf&if aq;nTef;twdkif;eJY udk,f&JU

cHEikd &f nfukd *½kpu kd af omufo;kH zdYk ta&; 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;ESihf wGzJ ufziG ahf e ]0rSvSw,f} qdkaompum;vHk;onf
BuD;w,f}} [k ¤if;u ajymMum;onf/ onfh tvSjyifcef;rtcsdKUwGifrl udk,f *vdb k ,fvu kd af Z;&Si;f jzpfay:vmonfh
]]pm;csifoavmuf twkid ;f twm cE¨mtqDcsjcif;twGuf aiGusyEf pS o f def; tcsed w f iG f ajymif;vJrw I pf&yf jzpfvmEdik f
r&Sd tqiftjcifr&Sd? EGm;iwfa&us pm; cefY ukefusaomfvnf; vma&muftqD p&m&Syd gonf/ pD;yGm;a&;wpf&yfjzpfvm
wmukd ½ku d jf y/ pm;vnf;NyD;a&m ydeaf q; csol trsm;tjym;&SdaMumif; tvSESifh aom cE¨mudk,ftqDcsvkyfief;rsm;?
qkwd m axmifjy aomufjy? NyD;wmeJY cE¨m usef;rma&;pifwm 0efxrf;wpfOD;u tm;upm;avhusifha&;cef;rrsm;? aps;
ukd,fukd vSnfhywfjywJh aMumfjimrsKd;u ajymMum;onf/ uGuw f pf&yfjzpfvmaom tqDusaq;?
awmh usi0hf wfeYJrnDb;l vkYdxifw,f}}[k odkY&mwGif tqdkyg tqDcscef;r ydeaf q;rsm;uvnf; jrefrmtrsKd ;orD;\
owif;pmq&mwpfOD;u a0zefonf/ rsm;wGif vma&muftqDcsorl sm;\ cHEikd f usef;rma&;eJY ywfoufonfh tjrif
&nfuMkd unfí h 0efaqmifraI y;&aMumif; ajymif;vJaMumif; odomjrifomaom
cE¨mudk,ftqDcscef;rrsm; a':eDvmu qdkonf/ taxmuftxm;rsm; jzpfygonf/
ud,
k cf E¨mtqDusvdo k ?l ydev
f okd l ]]vdr;f aq;ESyd Nf y;D tqDcs&if wcsKd Uu cE¨mud, k tf qDusvmap&eftwGuf
trsK;d orD;rsm;twGuf tqDusvdrf;aq; csufcsif;udk uscsifw,f/ tjyif;txef rdr\ d orm;½d;k us tpm;taomufypkH u H kd
vdrf;í tqDcspufjzifh oD;oefYtqDcs vkyfvdkYr&ygbl;/ usef;rma&;eJY cHEdkif ajymif;vJcahJ om a':olZmurl tajymif;
ay;onfh 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;onf &nfudkMunfhNyD; vkyfay;&ygw,f/ tvJEiS yhf wfoufí ,ckuo hJ Ykd rSwcf suf
,ckESpfrsm;wGif tvSjyifvkyfief;ESifh tenf;qHk; q,f&ufavmuf Mumyg csygonf/ ]]ukew f u
kd af wGomG ;vdYk t0wf
wGJzufíaomfvnf;aumif;? oD;jcm; w,f/ 'D&uftwGif; pnf;urf;csuf tpm;awGudkifMunfhwJhtcg ta&mif;
aomfvnf;aumif; vkyif ef;wpf&yftjzpf wcsdKU vdkufemzdkYvnf; vdkygw,f}} pma&;rawGu tusu Ð ao;vdYk tefweD JY
oD;oefYay:aygufvmonfudk awGUEdkif rawmfygbl;vdkYajymwmrsdK; b,ftrsdK;
onf/ ed*;kH orD;urS rESpo f ufMuygbl;/ 'gaMumifh
wmarGNrdKUe,f ,kZeyvmZm&Sd ud, k wf ikd of ½kyaf qmifarmf',fwpf jrefrmtrsdK;orD;awG ydecf sifvmwmyg}}
tvSurÇmtqDcsvyk if ef;rS a':eDvmu OD;jzpfol a':wifr;kd vGiu f rl Edik if w
H um tcsKyftm;jzifhqkd&vQifrl rdrd\
]]tqDcswJholawGrSm i,folawGa&m trsdK;orD;rsm;enf;wl jrefrmtrsdK; taetxkid ?f tpm;taomufEiS hf ttdyf
tdraf xmif&iS af wGa&mygçygw,f/ wcsKd U orD;rsm;onf cE¨mudk,foG,fvsrIudk taewkdYaMumifh 0vmjcif;ukd obm0
uawmh r0ayr,fh cg;wkww f m? Adu
k yf l oabmusaomfvnf; Edik if jH cm;rSmuJo h Ydk enf;jzifh avQmhcsjcif;uomvQif usef;
wmwdYkukd tqDcswmyg}} [k &Si;f jyonf/ tvGeftrif;ydefjcif;rsm;udkrl vufcH rma&;ESifh nDnGwfygonf/ *vkdb,f
tvSurÇmtrsKd ;orD; tqDcscef;r vdkpdwfr&Sdao;[k qdkygonf/ pHrsm;ESit hf nD ajymif;vJvmonfrmS rSef
wGif cg;wkwfjcif;? Adkufyljcif;? ukyfydk; ]]ydewf mudo k abmuswmawmhreS f aomfvnf; xkpd rH sm;ukd vufcEH idk af om?
wufjcif; ponfwdkYudk 10 &uftwGif; ygw,f/ 'gayrJh trsdK;orD;obm0 rdrd\ vuf&Sdtaetxm;ESifh qDavsmf
tqD u soG m ;atmif csay;jcif ; rsm; vnf;&SdwJh ydefwmudkyJ BudKufwmyg/ atmif cH,ljyKjyifokH;pGJEkdifaom tod
jyKvkyfaeNyD; wpfrsKd;vQif tqDcs0ef [drk mS vdk t&rf;ydew f mudak wmh vufrcH ÓPfynmESihf A[kow k vkt d yfygonf/
aqmifrIrSm 10 &ufpm usyf 20000 ao;ygbl;}}/ tvSurÇm tqDcsvyk if ef; ,aeYurÇmBuD;onf *vkb d ,fprH sm;jzifh
jzpfonf[k od&onf/ qkdifokdY rvm ydik &f iS af ':eDvmuvnf; ]]t&rf;BuD;ydef t&m&m wkdif;wmwef;n§dvmMu&m
a&mufvkdolrsm;twGufvnf; tdrfwkdif wmudkawmh rBudKufMuao;bl;/ cg;r xkdpHrsm;xJwGif tqifhtwef;rDa&;?
&ma&muf tqDcsay;aeNyD; 0efaqmifrI wkwcf siw f m? Adu k rf ylcsiwf m? r0csiw f m vkud af vsmnDaxGjzpfapa&;wkYdrmS vufcH
wefzdk;rSm qdkifwGif vma&mufjyKvkyf avmufbJ &Syd gao;w,f}} [k ajymMum; ol\ *vkb d ,ftawG;tac:t,ltq
onfxuf ESpq f ay;&onf[k a':eDvm onf/ ESifh todynmuom tc&m[kqkdvQif
u qdkonf/ odkYaomfvnf; usef;rma&;tod rrSm;Ekdifay/
tvSurÇmuJhodkY oD;jcm;tqDcs t&jzpfap? vSyvdrk aI Mumifjh zpfap jrefrm xm;xm;jrifh
cef;r r[kwfaomfvnf; EdkifiHjcm;tvS wdYk a&S;,cifu vufo;kH pum;jzpfonfh

rif;pHkawmifMu,fvdyfxdef;odrf;a&;ESifU
obm0tajccHc&D;oGm;tvm;tvm
ausmfEdkif
EdkifiHü opfyif opfawm? om;iSufwd&pämefESifh ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJrsm;tm; obm0twdkif; xdef;odrf;umuG,f
jrefrm apmifha&Smufxm;aom ab;rJhawmrsm;pGmudk ydkifqdkifxm;onfhteuf jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif; EGm;xdk;BuD;
NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd rif;pHkawmifawm½dkif;wd&pämefab;rJhawmonf urÇmay:wGif jrifawGU&cJaom jrefrmha'o&if;
iSufrsdK;pdwfrsm;ESifh Mu,fvdyfrsm;udk awGU&SdEdkif½HkrQru tylydkif;a'o\ ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJrsm;tm; pHkvifpGmavhvm
okawoejyKEdkifojzifh jynfwGif;jynfyrS obm0tajccHc&D;oGm;{nfhonfrsm;ESifh okawoDrsm;twGuf avhvmvnf
ywfcsifp&maumif;aom ae&mwpfcktjzpf qGJaqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
rif;pHkawmif awm½dkif;wd&pämef
ab;rJUawm
jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif; rdk;enf;
&yf0ef;a'o rEÅav;wdkif; jrif;NcHc½dkif
EGm;xdk;BuD;NrdKUe,ftwGif;wnf&SdNyD;
5584 {u (8.725 pwk&ef;rkdif) us,f
0ef;onf/ rEÅav;NrdKUrS 66 rdkif? jrif;NcH
NrdKUrS 29 rdkifESifh EGm;xdk;BuD;NrdKUrS 10rdkif
cefY uGma0;NyD; jrif;NcH-rEÅav; um;
vrf;rBuD;\ ajrmufbufjcrf;wGif
wnf&Sdonf/
tylyikd ;f Zket
f wGi;f usa&mufonfh
twGuf aEG&moDwGif tylcsdef 90. F rS rif;pHkawmifawm½dkif;wd&pämef ab;rJhawm
108. F txdEiS hf aqmif;&moDwiG f 55.F ]]tylyikd ;f a'o&JUopfyifopfawm
rS 85. F txd&SdNyD; ysrf;rQrdk;a&csdefrSm pcef;ESihf ausmufqpJG cef; pcef;BuD;ESpcf ?k eJYawm½dkif;wd&pämefawGukd Research
30vufr jzpfonf/ opfawma&;&m pcef;i,foHk;ck cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;NyD; jyKvkyfzkdY taumif;qkH;ae&mwpfckygyJ/
0efBuD;Xme opfawmOD;pD;Xmeu 2001 tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;½Hk;udk jrif;NcHNrdKUrS rkdif30 tylykdif;a'orSm&SdwJh om;iSufwd&pämef
ckEpS f rwfv 22 &ufaeY &ufpGJjzifh rif;pHk tuGm jrif;NcH-rEÅav; um;vrf;rBuD; awGrDScdkwJh Oasis vdkYvnf; ajymvdkY&
awmif awm½dkif;w&pämef ab;rJhawm \ajrmufbuf a&Smufawm½d;k pcef;wGif w,f/ okawoevnf; vkyfEdkifovdk
tjzpf owfrSwfaMunmcJhonf/ zGifhvSpfxm;&Sdojzihf um;jzifhtvG,f Ecotourism vnf; vkyfEdkifw,f}}[k
ab;rJhawmtwGif; ausmufqif wul vma&mufEdkifonf/ rif;pHkawmif awm½dkif;wd&pämef ab;rJh

awmtkycf sKyaf &;rSL; OD;jrifah &Tu qdo

k nf/ rsdK;pdwf 50 cefY aexdik u f sufpm;vsuf&dS rsucf ;kH jzLiSujf ymajcmuf(White -Browed
onf/ Nuthatch) wdYk teuf apGUiSu?f ezm;MuL;
ZD0rsdK;pHkrsdK;uGJ<u,f0rI tqdyk gab;rJah wm\ xl;jcm;csuf tNrD;0dik ;f iSuEf iS hf bDv;kH iSuf iSurf sKd ;pdwf
opfawmtrsKd;tpm;rSm tylydkif; oHk;rsdK;pvHk;udk rif;pHkawmif awm½dkif;
rSm urÇmay:ü rnfonfha'owGifrQ
awmajcmuf (Dry Forest) trsdK;tpm; wd&pämefab;rJhawmtwGif; &SmazGawGU
rawGU&SdEdkifbJ jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif;
jzpfNyD;? &Sm;? xaemif;? uEÅm&? oef;? &SdEkdifaMumif; jrefrmiSufESifh obm0
a'orsm;wGio f m awGU&SEd ikd af om jrefrmh
'[wf? oeyfcg;yifrsdK;rsm; t"du 0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;toif; twGif;
a'o&if; apGUiSu?f ezm;MuL;tNrD;0dik ;f ESihf
aygufa&mufonf/ vQdKajrmifrsm;wGif bDv;kH iSuf iSurf sdK;pdwof ;kH rsdK;ESihf &Sm;yg; a&;rSL;OD;oufaZmfEdkifu qdkonf/
opf&m? tifMuif;? ysOf;uwd;k ? Muuf½;kd ? uke;f vdyw f pfrsKd ;jzpfonfh Mu,fvyd rf sm; jrefrmiSufESifh obm00ef;usif
orkef;ESifh rQif0g;wdkYudk awGU&SdEdkifNyD; udk &SmazGawGU&SdEdkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ xdef;odrf;a&;toif;\ OD;aqmifrIjzifh
jrufpyf? ajrmufNrD;? ,kefarT;? jrufcsdK &efukefta&SUydkif;wuúodkvf owåaA'
rsm;vnf; xlxyfpmG aygufa&mufvsuf a'o&if;iSufwdkhaysmfpH&m XmerS iSuEf iS phf yfvsOf;í yg&*lbUJG usrf;
&Sdonf/ urÇmay:wGif rnfonfEh ikd if H rnf jyKpak eMuonfh o½kyjf yq&mrrsm;? &efuek f
ab;rJah wmtwGi;f ,ke?f *s?D acG;t? onfah 'owGirf Q &SmazGawGU&SEd ikd jf cif;r&Sd ESirhf EÅav;NrdKUrS obm0tajccHc&D;oGm;
awmaMumif? &SO?hf <uuf? vif;EdYk ponfh bJ jrefrmEdkifiH wpfEdkifiHwnf;wGifom {nfhvrf;nTefrsm;? a'ocHiSuf0goem
EdkYwdkufowå0grsm;tjyif &Sm;yg; jrefrmh &SmazGawGU&SEd ikd af om a'o&if; (Endemic &Sifrsm;? rif;pHkawmif awm½dkif;wd&pämef
Mu,fvyd Ef iS *hf ifvyd w
f Ykt
d ygt0if uke;f ae Species) iSufrsdK;pdwfav;rsdK; jzpfonfh ab;rJah wmrS 0efxrf;rsm;ESit hf oif;0if
a&aeESihf wGm;oGm;owå0g 35 rsKd ;? uke;f apGUiSu(f White-throated Babbler)? ezm; rsm; pkpkaygif;tzGJU0if 23 OD;yg0ifonfh
aea&aeiSurf sKd ;pdwf 90 ausmEf iS hf vdyjf ym MuL;tNrD;0dkif;iSuf (Hooded Treepie)? iSuMf unfah vhvma&; tzGUJ onf Zlvikd v f
bDvHk;iSuf (Oriental Skylark) ESifh 17 &ufrS 20 &ufaeYtxd rif;pHak wmif
jrefrmhMu,fvdyf awm½dik ;f wd&pämef ab;rJah wmwpf0u kd üf
av;&ufMum avhvmokawoejyKcJh
Mu&m jrefrmha'o&if; iSufoHk;rsdK;pvHk;
tygt0if iSurf sdK;pdwf 74 rsdK;udk &SmazG
awGU&Sd rSww f rf;wifEidk cf MhJ uonf/ ,if;
iSurf sKd ;pdwrf sm;teuf 21 rsKd ;rSm tqdyk g
ab;rJah wmtwGi;f rSww f rf;rwif&ao;
aMumif; avhvma&;tzGUJ acgif;aqmifu
qdkonf/
jrefrmUa'o&if;Mu,fvdyfESifU
xdef;odrf;apmifUa&Smufa&;
urÇmay:wGif India Star Tortoise
ESifh Myanmar Star Tortoise [lí
Mu,fvyd f trsKd ;tpm;ESprf sKd ;&So
d nft
h euf
&Sm;yg;pm&if;0ifjzpfonfh Myanmar Star
Tortoise (jrefrmhMu,fvy d )f ukd jrefrmEdik if H
wpfEdkifiHwnf;wGifom awGU&Sd&onf/
]]India Star Tortoise udk aygayg
rsm;rsm;awGU&ao;w,f/ jrefrmhMu,fvyd f

(Myanmar Star Tortoise) uawmh

wu,fu h &kd mS ;yg;aeNyD/ urÇm&h mS ;yg;vdyf
25rsdK;xJrSm wpfrsdK;tygt0ifjzpfovdk
tm&Swdkuf&JU &Sm;yg;vdyf 10 rsdK;xJrSm
vnf; wpfrsdK;tygt0ifjzpfw,f/
jrefrmEdik if t H v,fyikd ;f tylyikd ;f Zkeaf 'o
wpfckxJrSmyJ ysHUESHYaexdkifMuwmrdkYvdkY
wjcm;vdyfawGeJYpm&if ydkNyD;tm½Hkpdkuf
pdw0f ifpm;Muw,f}}[k jrefrmha'o&if;
Mu,fvdyfESifhpyfvsOf;í tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;
OD;jrifha&Tu &Sif;jyonf/
,cktcg opfawmOD;pD;Xmeobm0
0ef;usiEf iS hf om;iSuw f &d pämefxed ;f odr;f a&;
Xmeu tqdkygjrefrmhMu,fvdyfrsm;udk jrefrmha'o&if;apGUiSuf
rif;pHkawmif awm½dkif;wd&pämef ab;rJh vdyaf ygufuav;awG&iS o f ef&yfwnfzUkd
awmESifh rauG;wdkif;&Sd a&Tpufawmf xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufxm;yHEk iS hf pyfvsO;f zefwD;ay;wmyJ/ rdk;wpfNydKufESpfNydKuf
ab;rJah wmwdYkwiG f xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf í ¤if;u &Sif;jyonf/ &GmNyD;wmeJU jrufEu k av;awG xGuv f m
umuG,fxm;onf/ Mu,fvyd rf sm;udk xde;f odr;f apmifh w,f/ tJ'DjrufEkuav;awGudk vdyf
]]Mu,fvdyfawGudk a'ocHawGu a&Smufonfah b;rJah wmtjzpf owfrw S f aygufpuav;awGu pm;&if; &Sifoef
qDaMumfvyd ?f yef;vdy?f yifu h v l yd v
f Ykd vnf; aMunmNyD;aemuf 2001 ckESpfrSpwifí BuD;xGm;vmMu&wm}}[k OD;jrifha&Tu
trsdK;rsdK;ac:Muw,f/ ppfudkif;wdkif;? Mu,fvdyf 10aumifjzifh pepfwus &Sif;jyonf/
rEÅav;wdik ;f eJY rauG;wdik ;f wdYkrmS trsm;qH;k arG;jrLcJah Mumif;? a'ocHrsm;ESi0hf efxrf; ab;rJhawmwnfaxmifcgup
usupf m;MuwmawGU&w,f/ jrefrmEdik if &H UJ rsm;u ab;rJah wmtwGi;f xyfrzH rf;qD; tylyikd ;f a'o\&moDOwkukd xde;f odr;f
a'o&if;rsdK;pdwf (Endemic Species) &rdonfh ajcmufaumifvma&muf tyfEHS &ef? tylydkif;a'&Sd awmwd&pämefrsm; rSDcdk
jzpfovdk rsKd ;wke;f aysmufu, G rf oGm;apzdYk Muojzihf t&G,fa&mufNyD; Mu,fvdyf &efEiS hf obm0awmudk xde;f odr;f apmifh
vH;k 0umuG,x f m;&wJrh sKd ;pdw(f Globally pkpkaygif; 16 aumif &SdaMumif;? 2003 a&Smuf&ef &nf&, G cf ahJ omfvnf; aemuf
Threatened Species) vnf;jzpfw,f}}[k ckESpfwGif Mu,fvdyf&Spfaumif? 2004 ydik ;f wGif Mu,fvyd jf zifx h if&mS ;cJah Mumif;?
¤if;u jznfhpGuf&Sif;jyonf/ ckESpfwGif 35 aumif? 2005 ckESpfwGif rif;pHak wmifEiS hf a&Tpufawmfab;rJah wm
&Sm;yg;om;iSufwd&pämefrsm;udk 68 aumif xyfraH ygufzmG ;vmMuojzihf ESpfckEdIif;,SOfygu rif;pHkawmifab;rJh
xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&mü obm0awm ,cktcg pcef;twGi;f Mu,fvyd pf pk ak ygif; awmü Mu,fvyd t f a&twGuyf rkd sm;ojzifh
twGi;f obm0twdik ;f xm;í xde;f odr;f 100 ausmf arG;jrLxm;&SdaMumif;? 2003 rif;pHak wmifu ydrk x kd if&mS ;cJah Mumif;? csyf
apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh NcHcwfarG;jrLí ckEpS fwiG f wpfaumif? 2004 ckESpfwGif oif;ab;rJah wmESihf a&Torif? [l;aumif;
xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufjcif;[lí ESprf sKd ;&Sd ESpaf umifESifh 2005 ckESpfwGif &moDOwk awmifMum; ab;rJah wmESihf usm; cGjJ cm;
aMumif;? rif;pHak wmifü Mu,fvyd rf sm;udrk l yljyif;í av;aumifaoqHk;cJhaMumif;? ír&ouJhokdY rif;pHkawmifESifh Mu,f
obm0 udt k ajccHNyD; NcHcwfí teD;uyf aygufzGm;rI&mcdkifEIef;u ydkrdkrsm;jym;NyD; vdyo f nfvnf; cGjJ cm;í r&Edik af Mumif;?
*½kpu kd f arG;jrLxm;&Sad Mumif;? a'o&if; aoaysmufrI&mcdkifEIef;u enf;ygvS Edik if wH umü NcHcwfarG;onfh uke;f vdyEf iS hf
vdyfrsdK;jzpfí ,if;\a'oESio hf bm0udk aMumif; ¤if;uqdkonf/ ywfoufvmygu rif;pHak wmifab;rJah wm
tajccHNyD; tenf;i,frQom jyKjyif Mu,fvyd rf sm;onf ESppf Of atmuf rS Mu,fvyd o f nf rygrjzpf ta&;ygvm
ajymif;vJrI jyKvkyfum xdef;odrf;apmifh wdbk mvcefYwiG f OtkMuNyD; rd;k &moDwiG f NyDjzpfaMumif; ¤if;uajymMum;onf/
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76 University Arizona USA 28.1
77 King's Coll London UK 28.0
78 University Manchester UK 27.9
79 University Goettingen Germany 27.4
80 Michigan State University USA 27.0
80 University Nottingham UK 27.0
82 Brown University USA 26.8
82 University Melbourne Australia 26.8
82 University Strasbourg 1 France 26.8
85 Ecole Normal Super Paris France 26.5
86 Boston University USA 26.3
86 University Vienna Austria 26.3
88 McMaster University Canada 26.0
88 University Freiburg Gremany 26.0
90 Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel 25.9
91 University Basel Switzerland 25.8
92 Lund University Sweden 25.6
93 University Birmingham UK 25.5
93 University Roma-La Sapienza Italy 25.5
95 Humboldt University Berlin Germany 25.4
97 Nagoya University Japan 25.2
97 Stockholm University Sweden 25.2
99 Tufts University USA 25.1
99 University Bonn Germany 25.1
Source: http://edu.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2004/too 2500[1-100.htm]
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D.Lit (London)
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a&muf&ef EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf acgif;aqmifaom jrefrm
14-7-2005 Ä trSwf (1) pufrI0efBuD;XmerS yk*¾vduykdif
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU ulrif;NrKdUokdY xGufcGm/
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4-7-2005 Ä jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf w½kwjf ynfoYlor®wEkid if w
H YdktMum; aMumif; EkdifiHykdifowif;pmrsm;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm/
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wlpmcsKyfukd w½kwfEkdifiH ulrif;NrKdU&Sd Zhen Zhuang Guest
wuúokdvfESifh ukd&D;,m;or®wEkdifiH Hyundai Merchant
House ü ESpfEkdifiHwm0ef&SdoltoD;oD;rS vufrSwfa&;xkd;/
Marine Co., Ltd. wkdY ynma&;qkdif&m yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI
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qmAufvefqmAwf &efukefNrKdUokdY a&muf&Sd/ a&;xkd;/
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jynfolYor®wEkdifiH Joint Venture Consortium of CITIC Ä OD;pkdif;ul acgif;aqmifaom SSNA wyfr[m (6) ESifh
Technology Co., Ltd. and Sinohydro Corporation Limited
OD;pkid ;f &Dacgif;aqmifaom SSA cGx J uG t f zGUJ rsm; Nidr;f csr;f a&;
wkdY uefx½kdufpmcsKyfrsm;ukd &efukefNrKdU ewfarmufvrf;&Sd
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[kdw,f eDukd;vfcef;rü vufrSwfa&;xkd;/
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17-7-2005 Ä jrefrmpHawmfcsdef 7 em&D 35 rdepf 48 puúefY Ä &efukefwkdif; ajrmufOuúvmyNrKdUe,f ausmufa&wGif;
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wmpau; 5.5 tqifh&Sd tiftm;toifhtwifh&Sdaom ajr aom tvsm; 2253 ay? tus,f 36 ay &So d nfh ausmufa&
ivsifwpfck vIyf&Sm;oGm;aMumif; oufqkdif&mrS owif; wGif; ckH;ausmfwHwm; zGifhvSpf/
xkwfjyef/
25-7-2005 Ä rEÅav;wkid ;f wyfuek ;f NrKdUe,fwiG f wnfaqmuf
18-7-2005 Ä &efukefNrKdU AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;&Sd &efukef xm;onfh tvsm; 2100 ay? tjrifh 80 ay &Sdaom NrKdUvS
taxGaxGa&m*gukaq;½kHopfBuD;ü (11) Budrfajrmuf (wyfukef;) a&avSmifwrHzGifhvSpf/
ausmufuyftpm;xkd; cGJpdwfrIjyKvkyf/ Ä xkdif;EkdifiH0efBuD;csKyf\ txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f xkdif;EkdifiH
Ä usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUESifh ukv 'kwd,0efBuD;csKyf a'gufwm ql&muD&wfqwfoD&mxkdif;
or*¾uav;rsm; &efykHaiGtzGJUwkdY yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonfh ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm; cspfMunfa&;c&D; vnfywf&ef &efuek Nf rKdUodYk
wwd,tBudrf a'owGi;f Ekid if rH sm;wGif jyKvkyo
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&Sd^r&Sd aoG;ppfaq;jcif;qkdif&moifwef; (Opening Cer-
emony of Thid Intercountry Training of Trainers or HIV/
Zlvkdifv 25 &ufrS 29 &uftxd usif;yrnfh (38) Budrf
AIDS Voluntary Counselling & Testing) zGifhyGJukd &efukef
ajrmuf tmqD,EH idk if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;? (12)
NrKdU urÇmat;apwDvrf;&Sd qD'kd;em;[kdw,fü usif;y/ Budraf jrmuf tmqD,aH 'oqkid &f m aqG;aEG;yGJ (ARF)? tmqD
,H + 3 Edik if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;ESihf tmqD,EH iS hf
19-7-2005 Ä (58) ESpfajrmuf tmZmenfaeYtcrf;tem;wGif aqG;aEG;zufEkdifiHrsm; tpnf;ta0;rsm;okdY wufa&muf&ef
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\ *lAdrmefü om;BuD;jzpfol OD;atmif jrefrmEkid if H Ekid if jH cm;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; OD;ÓPf0if; vmtkd
qef;OD;uk, d pf m; OD;eef;EG,u
f vnf;aumif;? tjcm;tmZmenf EkdifiHokdY xGufcGm/
BuD;rsm;\ *lAdrmefü rdom;pkrsm;uvnf;aumif; toD;oD;
vGrf;olYyef;acGcs tav;jyK/ 26-7-2005 Ä v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawma&;&mqkdif&m
tmqD,0H efBuD;rsm;\ (26)Budraf jrmuf tqifjh rift h &m&SBd uD;
21-7-2005 Ä wDarmvuf(pf)aw 'Drkdu&ufwpfor®wEkdifiH rsm; tpnf;ta0;ukd rEÅav;NrKdU qD';dk em;[kw d ,fü usif;y/
tqifjh rif0h efBuD;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;a&;ESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G af &; Ä rav;&Sm;Ekid if H uGmvmvrfyNl rKUd wGif usi;f yonfh (29) Budrf
0efBuD; a'gufwm [kdaq;&mrkdYa[mfwm &efukefNrKdUokdY ajrmuf trsKd;om;wHcGefpkduf tjynfjynfqkdif&m zdwfac:
a&muf&Sd/ jrm;ypfNyKdifyGJwGif jrefrmjrm;ypftm;upm;tzGJUonf a&T
24-7-2005 Ä pGrf;tifqkdif&mudprö sm; yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef wHqyd f ig;ck? aiGwq H yd f ckepfcEk iS hf aMu;wHqyd f ajcmufck qGwcf ;l
xkdif;EkdifiH pGrf;tif0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD; H.E. Mr. Viset &&SdNyD; EkdifiHtvkduf yxr&&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mrS owif;
Choopiban ESiZ hf eD; OD;aqmifaom uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ &efuek Nf rKUd xkwfjyef/
okdY a&muf&Sd/ Ä jrefrmEkid if tH aejzifh 2006ckEpS w f iG f tmqD,\ H tvSnu hf s

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jcif;rjyKbJ aeoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; vmtkdjynfolY'Drkdu&uf taumiftxnfazmf wnfaqmufvsuf&Sdonfh &J&Gma&tm;
wpfor®wEkdifiH AD,ifusef;NrKdUwGif Zlvkdifv25 &ufrS 29 vQyfppfpDrHudef;ESifh ywfoufí a&tm;vQyfppfOD;pD;XmeESifh
&uftxd usif;yonfh tmqD,HEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm; w½kwjf ynfoYlor®wEkid if H China Geazhouba Water & Power
tpnf;ta0;ESifh qufpyftpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiH (Group) Co., Ltd. wkYd u uefx½ku d pf mcsKyfudk &efuek Nf rKdU
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27-7-2005 Ä pifumylEkdifiHwGif Zlvkdifv 21 &ufrS 26 &uf Ä tif'kdeD;&Sm;EkdifiH *sumwmNrKdUü Mo*kwfv 3 &ufrS 5
txd usi;f ycJah om wwd,tBudraf jrmuf tm&Svil ,f 0l&LS ; &uftxd usif;yrnfh tm&SEiS hf ypdzw d af 'otwGi;f axmifpk
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owif;xkwfjyef/ om;pDru H ed ;f ESihf pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzKd;wk;d wufr0I efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;
OD;pkd;om &efukefNrKdUrS xGufcGm/
28-7-2005 Ä tar&duefEidk if t
H ajcpku
d f Alexander Abraham
Foundation rS obm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh 2-8-2005 Ä uarÇm'D;,m;EkdifiH qD,rf&dNrKdUü Mo*kwfv 3
om;iSufwd&pämefxdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufrIqk &ufrS 5 &uftxd usif;yrnfh {&m0wD ausmufz,m;-
jrefrmEkid if rH &S &Sad Mumif; Ekid if yH idk o
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I idk &f m r[mAsL[m\
EkdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;okdY wufa&muf&eff
31-7-2005 Ä AD,uferfqkd&S,fvpfor®wEkdifiH EkdifiHjcm;a&; jrefrmEkdifiH EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; OD;ÓPf0if;
0efBuD;Xme 'kwd,0efBuD; rpöwm vDuGefzef; &efukefNrKdUodkY &efukefNrKdUrS xGufcGm/
a&muf&Sd/

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Y kH a qG ; aEG ; rI rsm ;
4-7-2005 Pte. Ltd. rS Regional Marketing Manager Mr.Asher Loy
Ä Ekid if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfonf w½kwjf ynfoYlor®wEkid if H Ekid if aH wmf Chee Koon wkdYonfvnf;aumif;? rav;&Sm;EkdifiH Measat
aumifpD 0efBuD;csKyf rpöwm 0rfusm;aygifESifhvnf;aumif;? Satellite Systems Sdn Bhd rS Senior Advisor Dato' Hj
w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH uGrfpDuRrf; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& Ainuddin Noordin onfvnf;aumif; jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;
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or®wEkdifiH ulrif;NrKdUwGif toD;oD; awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/
Ä vQypf pfprG ;f tm;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;onf w½kwfjynfolYor®w 15-7-2005
Ek d i f i H Sichuan Machinery and Equipment Import and Ä pifumylor®wEkid if H rS Asia Pacific,
New Skies Satellites
Export Co., Ltd. Ouú| Mr. Yao Yuning ESifhvnf;aumif;? Sales Director, Mr. Matthew Oh onfvnf;aumif;? xkdif;
Central China Power Grid (CCPG) rS taxGaxGrefae*sm EkdifiH Shin Satellite Public Company Limited rS Asia Pa-
Miss Xiong Hengxi ESifhvnf;aumif; w½kwfjynfolYor®w cific Regional Manager, Mr. Nuthapong Temsiripong
EkdifiH ulrif;NrKdUwGif toD;oD; awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/ onfvnf;aumif; jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;ESihf toD;oD;
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/
5-7-2005
Ä &efuek Nf rKdUwGif a&muf&adS eaom {nfo
h nfawmf vmtkjd ynfoYl 21-7-2005
'Drkdu&ufwpfor®wEkdifiH 'kwd,0efBuD;csKyfESifh EkdifiHjcm;a&; Ä w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH China National Pharmaceutical
0efBuD;Xme0efBuD; rpöwm qGefqmAufvefqmAufonf rS Ouú| Mr. Li Zhixin ESifh
Foreign Trade Corporation
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;ESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/ tzGJU0ifrsm;onf trSwf (1) pufrI0efBuD;Xme0efBuD;ESifh
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/
6-7-2005
Ä vmtkjd ynfoYl 'Dru dk &ufwpfor®wEkid if H 'kw,
d 0efBuD;csKyfEiS fh 22-7-2005
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD; rpöwm qGefqmAufvefqm
Ä wDarmvuf(pf)aw 'Drkdu&ufwpfor®wEkdifiH tqifhjrifh
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hf nf;aumif;
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qkdif&m ,lu&def;EkdifiH oHtrwfBuD; rpöwm tDa[m? [lrefeD
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Mr. Lee Ju-Heum onf vl0ifrBI uD;Muyfa&;ESihf jynfoYltiftm;
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aumifpDOuú|ESifh toD;oD; awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/
14-7-2005 Ä jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m pifumylor®wEkdifiH oHtrwfBuD; H.E.
Ä tDwvDEkdifiH rS
Digital Multimedia Technologies Area Mr. Thambynathan Jasudasen onf w&m;½kH;csKyf w&m;
Manager Mr.Fabio Papa ESifh pifumylor®wEkdifiH MPL olBuD;csKyf OD;atmifwkd;ESifh awGUqkHaqG;aEG;/

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23-7-2005 28-7-2005
Ä &efuek Nf rKdUwGif a&muf&adS eaom wDarmvuf(pf)aw 'Dru dk &uf Ä &efukefNrKdUwGif a&muf&Sdaeaom w½kwfjynfolYor®wEkdifiH
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hf nf;aumif;
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25-7-2005
Ä &efukefNrKdUwGif a&muf&Sdaeaom xkdif;EkdifiH 0efBuD;csKyf\ 29-7-2005
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qufpyfypönf;trsKd;rsKd; wifoGif;a&mif;cs
jcif;ESifh jyKjyifjcif; (Sales & Service) udk
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ICT Park wGif uGey f sLwmta&mif;jycef;udk
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Admin, Store, R&D Xmetvdu k f refae*sm
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twGuf Summer Special Progam oifwef;rsm;udk vufcHzGifhvSpf ydkYcsvsuf&Sdonf/
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guage (HTML) bmom&yfrsm;yg0ifonfh ICT Carrier Course (Level 1) udk zGifhvSpfydkYcsvsuf&SdNyD; Foundation
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zkef; - 248167? 379875? 09-9927729?
09-9924544? 09-8022025? zufpf -248167?
E-mail:lb.hak@mptmail.net.mm
luckybd@myanmar.com.mm
rEÅav; - tcef;trSwf 38? wwd,xyf? &wemyHkaps;? MICT Park ? rEÅav;/

zkef; -02-89410? 02-89553? 02-89554? zufpf-02-89554?
E-mail:luckybird@myanmar.com.mm

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(USA) 229792? 229794-7? zufp-f 229753
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MEGA PRODUCTS LTD.
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Public Co., Ltd. \ BuD;Muyf
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Industries rS 2005 ckEp
S f ZGev
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" refae*sif;'g½kdufwmrSm OD;jrifhOD;jzpfNyD; 0efxrf;tiftm;pkpkaygif; 200 OD;cefY&Sd/
" xkdif;enf;ynmjzifh xkwfvkyfxm;NyD; pufypönf;rsm;ukd *syefEkdifiHrS wifoGif;xm;[kqkd/
" pufpGrf;tm;jynfh wpf&ufvQif txkyfa& wpfodef;cGJausmfcefY xkwfvkyfEkdif[kqkd/
" txkyf 30 wpfyguifvQif Muufom;qDcsuf 2350 usyfESifh oufowfvGwfqDcsuf 2100 usyf aps;EIef;rsm;
jzifh a&mif;csvsuf&Sd/
" jzefYcsda&mif;csa&;twGuf Myanmar S.E.A Marketing Co., Ltd. rS wm0ef,ljzefYcsdvsuf&Sd/
" qufoG,f&efyk*¾KdvfESifh ukrÜPDvdyfpm
OD;aumif;Ekdifpkd; (Marketing Manager)
Ayeyarwaddy Food Industries Co., Ltd.
trSwf-119? qdyfurf;omvrf;? vIdifom,mpufrIZkef(3)?
vIdifom,mNrKdUe,f? &efukef/
zkef;-685233? 726666? 524926? 525479
" jzefYcsdonfhukrÜPDvdyfpm
Mr.Swrabath (General Manager)
trSwf-45(bD)? oD&dr*Fvmvrf;? urm&GwfNrKdUe,f? &efukef/
zkef;-537441? 704857

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Smax Snack
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jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd toifhpm;acgufqGJajcmuf aps;uGuf

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azmuf0ifa&mufvmNyD; uav;rsm;twGuf &nf
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" Myanmar Mamee Double Decker Ltd. u
xkwfvkyf/
" r*Fvm'HkpufrIZkef&Sd jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
pD;yGm;a&;OD;ydkifvDrdwuf\ ajrae&mudk ESpf 30
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160 cefY&Sd/
" Smax Snacks rsm;udk 2005 ckESpf Zlvdkifv
wGif aps;uGuftwGif; pwifjzefYcsd/
" ukefMurf;ypönf;rsm;udk rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrS wifoGif;jcif;jzpf/
" tmrcHoufwrf; 2 ESpf owfrSwfxm;/
" Roasted Corn ? Green Peas ? BBQ Curry ESifh Vegetable Stick [lí Smax Snack trsKd;tpm; av;rsKd;
xkwfvkyf/
" avmavmq,f r*Fvmaps;? ,kZeyvmZm? anmifyifav;aps;? odrfBuD;aps; ponfh aps;rsm;wGif ta&mif;
udk,fpm;vS,frsm; xm;&SdNyD; aemifwGif ta&mif;um;rsm;jzifh ukrÜPDrS udk,fwdkifjzefYcsd&ef vsmxm;[kqdk/
" ukrÜPDrS acgufqGJajcmuf 10 rsKd;? Snack ESpfrsKd;? Mamee Moonstar ESpfrsKd;ESifh ,ck Smax av;rsKd;
xkwfvkyfvsuf&Sd/
" 11-7-2005 &ufaeYrSpí ta&mif;Xme (Sales Department) ESifh aps;uGufXme (Market Department) udk
vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,fwGif ajymif;a&TUzGifhvSpf/
" qufoG,f&efvdyfpm
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pddef*Ref;tkyfpk? vrf;rawmfNrdKUe,f? &efukef/
zkef;-700218? 726751

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Calsome Kid Nurtitious Cereal
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jzpfonf/
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" refae*sif;'g½kdufwmrSm a':&D&D0if;
jzpfNyD; 'g½kdufwmtzGJU0ifokH;OD; tyg
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" *syefEkdifiHrS pufypönf;rsm; wifoGif;í
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" ukefMurf;ypönf;rsm;twGuf jynfyrS
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" tmrcHoufwrf; 2 ESpf ay;xm;/
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" aps;EI e f ; txk y f a o; 30 xk y f y g
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" Myanmar Distribution Group Co., Ltd. \ &efukef½kH;csKyfESifh e,f½kH;rsm;rS vufvDvufum;qkdifrsm;okdY
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" pHcsdefpHnTef;ukdufnDNyD; t&nftaoG;jynfh0aom pm;aomufukefypönf;rsm; qufvufxkwfvkyfoGm;&ef&Sd/
" ukrP Ü rD S vuf&dS xkwvf yk v
f su&f adS om tjcm;ukeyf pön;f rsm;rSm Gold Roast Coffeemix ? Ben Cafe Coffeemix ?
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" qufoG,f&efyk*¾KdvfESifh ukrÜPDvdyfpm
OD;atmifaZmfOD; (Advertising Manager)
Myanmar Distribution Group Co., Ltd.
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zkef;-699112? 699625? zufpf-690253? 699671

ukefaps;EIef;owif;
2005? Mo*kwfv yxrywftwGif; jzpfay:cJUaom ukefaps;EIef;rsm;
um;aps;EIef; (1-8-2005)
um;trsKd ; tpm; armf',f tu© & m aps;EI e f ; Toyota Publica 86/87 (1u) 150
(odef;) Toyota Publica 86/87 (1c) 168
Suzuki Wagon R+ (4c)(tj z La&mif ^ ypö n f ; pk H ) 285 Toyota Publica 88 (1u) 150
Suzuki Wagon R+
(4c)(tj z La&mif ^ ypö n f ; rpk H ) 270 Toyota Publica 88 (1c) 180
Suzuki Wagon R+ (5c)(ZD;a&mif) 300 Sunny Pick-up 86/87 (1u) 130
Suzuki Wagon R+ (5c)(tjyma&mif ) 290 Sunny Pick-up 90/91 (1u) 175
Corolla 1.5 Limited 86/87 (1u) 240 Sunny Super Salloon (1.5) 86/87 (1u) 210
Corolla 1.5 Limited 88/89 (1u) 260 Sunny Super Salloon (1.5) 86/87 (1c) 280
Corolla 1.5 Limited 88/89 (1c) 350 Sunny Super Salloon (1.5) 88/89 (1u) 195
Corolla 1.5 Limited 90/91 (1u) 300 Sunny Super Salloon (1.5) 88/89 (1c) 250
Corolla 1.5 Limited 90/91 (1c) 350 Sunny Super Salloon (1.5) 90/91 (1u) 240
Corolla 1.5 Limited 92/93 (1c) 450 Sunny Super Salloon (1.5) 90/91 (1c) 290
Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 86/87 (1u) 210 Marlk II Groire("mwfq)D (2.0)(Auto) 94/95 (2c) 550
Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 86/87 (1c) 300 Marlk ll Groire ('DZ,f) (2.4) 94/95 (2c) 600
Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 88/89 (1u) 250 Marlk ll Groire ('D Z ,f ) (2.4) 94/95 (1c) 650
Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 88/89 (1c) 310 Marlk ll Grande ("mwfqD)(2.0)(Auto) 94/95 (1c) 630
Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 90/91 (1u) 290 CELSIOR (4.0) 93/94 (3c) 380
Corolla 1.8 Van ('DZ,f) 90/91 (1c) 330 CROWN MAJESTA (4.0) 96/97 (1c) 630
Corolla 2.0 Van ('DZ,f) 92/93 (1c) 420 PAJERO V46 (2.8) 96 (2c) 820
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 86/87 (1u) 245 TOYOTA LANDCRUISER (4.6) 99 (3c) 1350
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 86/87 (1c) 320 TOYOTA LANDCRUISER (4.7) 98 (3c) 1300
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 88/89 (1u) 270 TOYOTA PRADO (3.0) 96TZ (3c) 1250
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 88/89 (1c) 330 TOYOTAPRADO(2.4D) 92 (3c) 1200
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 90/91 (1u) 270 HILUX(DOUBLECAB) (3.0) 98 (3c) 700
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 90/91 (1c) 310 HILUX (DOUBLE CAB) (2.4) 98 (3c) 650
Corolla 1.5 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 92/93 (1c) 400 HILUX (DOUBLE CAB) (2.8) 95 (3c) 650
Corolla 1.3 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 86/87 (1u) 250 HILUX SURF (3.0) 97 (3c) 700
Corolla 1.3 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 86/87 (1c) 340 HILUX SURF (3.0) 94 (3c) 650
Corolla 1.3 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 88/89 (1c) 340
Corolla 1.3 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 90/91 (1u) 250 * txufygum;rsm;onf tu©&may:rlwnfí aps;twuftus&Sdonf/
Corolla 1.3 Dx Van ("mwf q D ) 90/91 (1c) 305 * um;a[mif;rsm;jzpfonft
h wGuf um;tajctaeay:rlwnfí aps;uGmjcm;onf/
Toyota Corona 2.0 Van ('DZ,f) 88/89 (1c) 320 * t0,fenf;yg;onft
h wGuf ac:aps;rsm;om jzpfonf/
Toyota Corona 2.0 Van ('DZ,f) 90/91 (1c) 330

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wDADa&mifpkHrsm; DVD jypuf

(1-8-2005) (1-8-2005)
trsKd;tpm; armf',f t&G , f EIef;(usyf) trsKd;tpm; armf',f EIef;(usyf)
DISTAR 2150 (Flat) 21" 165ç000 SAMSUNG 438 K 89ç500
DISTAR 2130 (STEREO) 21" 135ç000 SAMSUNG 338 K 72ç500
DISTAR 2947 29" 245ç000 SAMSUNG 248 72ç000
DISTAR 2545 25" 195ç000 SAMSUNG 339 56ç500
Toshiba 21 S3 21" 170ç000 SANYO 9501 85ç000
Toshiba 29 A3 29" 290ç000
SANYO 21KX8 21" 160ç000 avat;pufrsm;
SANYO 21 AF8VA 21" 196ç000 (1-8-2005)
SANYO 29 KX5 29" 294ç000
trsKd;tpm; armf',ff EIef;(usyf)
SANYO 14KX8 14" 110ç000
Samsung 21M16 21" 170ç000 SANYO 92G 289ç000
SANYO 14G81A 14" 110ç000 SANYO 122G 390ç000
SANYO 94 G 289ç000
a&cJaowÅmrsm; SANYO 124G 390ç000
(1-8-2005) SANYO 182G/1846 595ç000
SANYO 99G 205ç000
trsKd;tpm; armf',ff EIef;(usyf) SANYO 123S 258ç000
HQ (CANCOOLER) 405 445ç000 SANYO 183S 430ç000
DISTAR 960A 155ç000 SANYO 131S 430ç000
SANYO SR521 120ç000 SANYO 181 G 560ç000
Panasonic 184 H 165ç000 Ichiban 094EK 185ç000
Panasonic 184 W 175ç000 Ichiban 124EK 240ç000
SANYO 152C 145ç000 SANYO 94H 205ç000
SANYO 159C 155ç000 SANYO 124H 258ç000
SANYO 563C 170ç000 PANASONIC XC 9CKH 365ç000
SANYO 163CQ 175ç000 PANASONIC XC 12CKH 445ç000
SANYO 570 185ç000 PANASONIC 91JH 210ç000
TOSHIBA 22SPT 305ç000 PANASONIC 121 VH 265ç000
TOSHIBA 37ST 370ç000
TOSHIBA 46ST 440ç000 t0wfavQmfpufrsm;
TOSHIBA 17ZD 170ç000
(1-8-2005)
SAUMSUNG 18FH 168ç000
SANYO SR408D 315ç000
SANYO W 80 SIT 205ç000
SANYO SR409D 355ç000
SANYO 450 FT 145ç000
225ç000
VCD jypuf SANYO
SANYO
91 AT
Ws 92 AT 240ç000
(1-8-2005)
a[mvpf? rmwkdbm? rdkifvkd?
Samsung 870/890 49ç500 tkdAmwif;? aumfzDrpf (vufvD)
Samsung Z10 MM 38ç000 (1-8-2005)
Samsung 30 Me 52ç500 trsKd;tpm; EIef;(usyf)
DISTAR 2217K 32ç000 Horlick (900g) 5100

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Horlick (200g) (tdE´d,) 1500

Horlick(aumf b l ; BuD ; ) 1.80kg 8700
EkdhrIefhbl;rsm;
Junior Horlick (400 g) 2650 (1-8-2005)
trsKd;tpm; EI e f ; (usyf )
Milo (400g) cJxkyf 1850
Dumex (Step 1,2)(900g) 7450^7200
Milo (400 g) (ykvif;) 2600
Dumex (700g)(Segara) (eD)cJxkyf 5100
Maltova (400 g) (eD) 2300
Promex (900g) 3300
MIKE Tea mix (20 xkyf0if) 1100 Promex (400g) 1800
MIKE Coffee mix (48 xkyf0if) 2300 Dumex (3plus)(700g) 5650
JAVA Coffee mix (30 xkyf0if) 1500 Dumex (Step-1)(450g) 3850
OWL (Tea mix ) (30 xkyf0if) 1800 SMA (1kg) 9700
ENERGY (Nutrious Ceareal ) (30xk y f 0 if ) 1300 Dumex Step 1,2 800g 6000^5800
NESCAFE (Red Cup)(200g) 3150 Dumex 1Plus 700g 5700
Dumex 1Plus (Honey) 700g 5850
NESCAFE (Red Cup)(200g) (cJxkyf) 2400
Dumex Ma Ma Plus 400g 4700
NESCAFE (Red Cup) (50g) 1000 Dumex Lactose free 400g 4800
Super(Diet Cereal)(20 xky0f if) 1700 Blue Star 400g 1300
Super(DietCoffemix)(20 xky0f if) 1700 Blue Star 900g 3500
Super Coffee Mix(30 xkyf0if) 1600 Blue Star 1.8 Kg 7300
(Gold Roast) Gold Super Mix (30 xkyf0if) 1550 Blue Star 2.5 Kg 10800
Royal Myanmar (Tea Mix) (10 xk y f 0 if ) 550 Cow head full cream 1.8 Kg 10800
Cow head full cream 2.5 Kg 14000
Super One(Coffee Mix) (50 xk y f 0 if ) 2450
vufwkd*sif 1000 g 1,2 6150^6000
Special Cereal (20 xkyf0if) 1300 Nestle BEAR BRAND 1 Plus 800g 3400
Ben Cafe (10 xkyf0if) 520 Nestle BEAR BRAND 3 Plus 800g 3600
Ben Cafe (50 xkyf0if) 2550 Nestle qef oHbl; 2200
Goldroast (10 xkyf0if) 450 Nestle *sKH oHbl; 3100
Hi Tea (20 xkyf0if) 1100 Nestle av;rsKd;pyf oHbl; 2650
Mikko (Coffee Mix) (30 xkyf0if) 1500
Ovaltine (400g) eD 2500 pD;u&ufrsm;
Complan (500g) (jzL) 3300 (1-8-2005)
Ovaltine (200 g) eD 1450 trsKd;tpm; EI e f ; (usyf )
Ovaltine (450g) (puúLbl;) 2050 Vegas 300
Maltova (450g) (acsmhuvuf) 2300 Vegas (Light) 300
Calsome(Nutrious Cereal) (30xk y f 0 if ) 1500 Export Duya 100
BLUE Coffemix (24 xkyf0if) 1000 London (½kd;½kd;) 500
PREMIER COFFEE (30xk y f 0 if ) 1700 555 1200
Coffee King (50xk y f 0 if ) 1850 Marlboro (Light) 1300
Tang vdar®mfrIefY 750g 2450 MILD SEVEN 1400
Mother Horlicks 500g 3400 DUYA a&Ta&mif 190
Complan 500g (acsmh) 3300 Golden Triangle 180
Ovaltine 400g (jzL) 2600 Paris 180
Ovaltine 200g (jzL) 1550 Lucky 90
Ovaltine 400g (puú L bl ; ) 2250 555 (Lights) 1200
Gold Hill Mashed Potatoes (10 xk y f 1 yguif ) 2300 MILD SEVEN (Lights) 1400

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DUNHILL 1050 PASSOPRT SCOTCH(75CI) 8800 TOMO MuufjyKwf 70

Marlboro/Marlboro(MENTHOL) 1150^1250 Ballantine (75Cl) 9900 TOMO MuufqDcsuf 90
RAVE 400 Ballantine (35Cl) 2800 MAMEE MumqH 120
SPEY ROYAL (70Cl) 4400 MAMEE (½kd;½kd;)(qDcsuf) 80
EkdifiHjcm; t&ufrsm; SPEY ROYAL (35Cl) 2200 MAMEE (Muufom;csOfpyf) 90
(1-8-2005) MAMEE (MuufacgufqGJjyKwf) 80
trsKd;tpm; EIef;(usyf) rkefhykH; oHbl;rsm; MAMEE (Muufom;qDcsufacgufqGJ) 90
(1-8-2005) MAMEE (oufowfvGwfacgufqGJjyKwf) 80

J&BJet(75CI) (12Years Old) 9900
Starkist 4250 MAMEE (oufowfvGwfqDcsuf) 80
CHIVAS (75Cl) 19000
rdom;pk 4250 MA MA (csOfpyfacgufqGJjyKwf) 90
Hennessy(V.S.O.P)(35CI) 16500
MELODIES 4050 Wai Wai (MumqH) (jym) 170
Hennessy(V.S.O.P)(70CI) 28000
Popcorn Crackers 4300 Shin Shin (MumqH) 100
VAT 69 (75CI) 8200
Cream Crackers(Hup Seng) 4400 Yum Yum ykpGefrvkdifcsOfpyf 90
Jonnie Walker (Red)(75CI) 11250
Victory 3200 Yum Yum Muufom;csOfpyf 90
Jonnie Walker (Red)(37.5CI) 6300
(TATAWA) Wonderful 3600 MAMEE tkef;EkdYacgufqGJ 110
Jonnie Walker (Red)(1 Liter) 13900
(KHIAN GUAN) Top Choice 4100 MAMEE ykpGefrvkdifcsOfpyf 110
Jonnie Walker (Black)(20CI) 6400
(HWA TA) Choice 3750 Fashion Food acgufqGJbl; 450
Jonnie Walker (Black)(37.5CI) 10800
(KWA TA) Festival 3600 MA MA n§yfacgufqGJ(pdrf;) 170
Jonnie Walker (Black)(75CI) 21700
(KERK)Classic 3600 MA MA n§yfacgufqGJ(eD) 170
Jonnie Walker(Black)(1Liter) 26650
LANGS(Aged 5 Years)(75CI) 8800 (Munchys) Fummix 3800
Black & White (1Liter) 11500 (Munchys) Topmix 3800 oGm;wku
d af q;rsm;
Black & White (75CI) 8800 Tip Top 3550 (1-8-2005)
Gold Label (75CI) 34000 ALWAYS 3600 trsKd;tpm; EIef;(usyf)
Black Cat (75CI) 5300 Break Away 3600 Best-T (125g) 270
Black Cat (35CI) 2750 Four SEOSONS 3450 CoIgate (40g) DoubIe CooI Stripe 250
WHITE & MACKAY (75Cl) 9400 Time's Right 3600 CoIgate (160g) DoubIe CooI Stripe 1050
Summer Day 3600 Close-Up (New)(40g) 300
DALMORE (75CI) 8300
(Shan Fatl) City 3200 Close-Up (160g) 1100
SCOTS CLUB (75CI) 5800
Happy Day 3600 DARLIE (200g) ESpfbl;wGJ 1800
SCOTTISH LEADER 5600
(julie's) Family 3200 V5 Pepsodent (70g) 180
Blue Label 97000
(Julie's) Assortics 3500 LASER 270
BACARDI (75CI)Limon 8200
Miss Dental (50 g) 320
BACARDI (75CI)a&Ta&mif^tjzLa&mif 8300
1000
(KING ROBERT) VODKA (75CL) 5000 acgufqGJajcmufrsm; CoIgate Fresh Cool Mint 200g
CoIgate Great Regular 200g 1000
(KING ROBERT)Gin (75CL) 3900 (1-8-2005) CoIgate Total Fresh Stripe 160g 2250
(KING ROBERT)Whisky(75CL) 5500 trsKd;tpm; EIef;(usyf) CoIgate Whitening 160g 1850
SPY(CLASSIC)(Red) (Wine) 1150 Yum Yum (Muufaygif) 80 CoIgate gel (pdrf;) 160g 1100
VAT 69(1Liter) 11000 Yum Yum csOfpyf(ykpGef) 100 KODOMO 80g 1200
Mekhong (75CL) 5050 Yum Yum (bJom;qDcsuf) 80 ORALMED 40g 600
Mekhong (37.5CL) 2600 Yum Yum (oD;pkHacgufqGJ) 80 ZACT LION 90g 900
THE FAMOUS GROUSE (75CL) 10000 TOMO tkef;EkdY 100 Fresh & White Gel 100g 800
INVER HOUSE (75CL) 7200 TOMO ukd&D;,m;csOfpyf 90 Smile Up 105g 650
TOMINTOUL (75CL) 9000 TOMO tokyf 80 w½kwfoGm;wkdufaq; bl;jymBuD; 230

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w½kwfoGm;wkdufaq; bl;jymao;
Fresh Up 160g
80
600
PRICKLY HEAT
YOKO WHITENING Herbal 110g
700
700
jcifaq;acG
Vaseline HARMONY 100g 350 (1-8-2005)
ukd,w
f u
dk fqyfjymrsm; PREMIER 100g
Safeguard 100g
280
350
trsKd;tpm; EIef;(usyf)
Jumbo (12)coils 250
(1-8-2005)
Fa 2 in 1 100g 520 Fumakilla (10) coils 150
trsKd;tpm; EIef;(usyf)
ASEPSO 450 MARS 150
Imperial Leather (65g) 170 CAMAY 450 King Kong 170
Imperial Leather (125g) 330 Palmolive tMunf 350 Raid 290
Beauty 130 (Cussons) Pearl 100g 250 ATAK 170
GIV (80g) 150 Fair & Lovely 75g 300 FIGHTER 170
Style (75g) 100 LUX 100g 220 GO! 200
Dettol (60g) 300 KAO 300 Double Cow 150
Miss 150 Parrot 130 MOSFLY 150
1 Plus 1 100 Flore 90g 180 a*:ZDvm 220
DOVE 650 Paris 135g 250 MARS POWER 180
NIVEA 100g 450 Paris 90g 150 Jumbo (30) 600
Protex 450 A21 (euf)70g 150 ARS 120
Bamboo Salt 650 A21 (euf)125g 250
Say 100g 650 DG Soap 100g 180^200
uGefysLwmaps;EIef;rsm; - PS2 Win 98 Keyboard

- PS2 Mouse & Pad
- 15" SVGA Colour Monitor (Viewsonic/Samsung)
Price 503,000 Ks
(1-8-2005) ! KMD PREMIUM MODEL
! KMD BASIC MODEL - Intel Pentium 4 3.4 GHz [1MB L2 Cache/800 MHz]
- GIGA- 81PE775 Pentium 4 Motherboard
- Intel Celeron 2.4D GHz (256MB, 533 MHz)
[Builtin Sound]
- GIGA 8VM533 Rz Pentium 4 M/B - 512 MB (2 x 256) DDR RAM
(With VGA+Sound+LAN) (400 MHz/Kingston, Dual DDR)
- 256 MB DDR RAM (PC 400 MHz) - 80GB Hard Disk Drive (7200RPM)
- 80 GB HDD (Hitachi, 7200 RPM). 1.44MB FDD - 1.44 MB Floppy Disk Drive (Mitsumi)
(Mitsumi) - AGP 128 MB 3D Graphic Card W/TV Out (FX5200)
- 15" SVGA Digital Control Color Monitor (Philips) - 15" SVGA Digital Control Color Monitor (Philips)
- PS II Keyboard & PS II Scroll Mouse (Aopen) - PSII Keyboard & PSII Scroll Mouse (Aopen)
- Mouse Pad Picture - Mouse Pad with Picture
- P4 Casing (Normal with Front USB) - Pentium 4 Casing (iCut-Light high)
Price 395,000 Ks Price 800,000 Ks
! CFTG Power Computer
- Intel Pentium 4 2.4 GHz processor with included: [Zlvidk v
f twGi;f rSpí aiGvEJ eI ;f tenf;i,fjrifw
h ufraI Mumifh uGeyf sLwm
- Gigabyte 8 VM 533 M/B with AGP, Sound & Lan Builtin ESifh qufpyfypönf;aps;EIef;rsm;onfvnf; jrifhwufcJhonf/ txufyg
- 256 MB DDR RAM aps;EIe;f rsm;onf Printer ESihf Multimedia ryg0ifao;aom uGeyf sLwm
- 80 GB IDE HDD wpfvkH;\ Mo*kwfv 1 &ufaeY aps;EIef;jzpfonf/ ypönf;wpfrsKd;csif;pD
- 1.44 MB FDD xyfjznfhvkdygu (okdYr[kwf) vJvS,fvkdygu aps;EIef;rsm;rSm atmufyg
- P4 Tower Casing With Power Supply twkdif; jzpfonf/ tcsdefumvtvkduf tajymif;tvJ &SdEkdifygonf/]

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! Multimedia EPSON Aculaser C-1100 Laser Printer 1,462,500 Ks

PCI Sound Card (Creative SB Live Value) 39,400 Ks EPSON Aculaser C-1900 Laser Printer 1,696,500 Ks
52X CD-ROM (LG) 15,500 Ks
EPSON Laser 6200L 219,960 Ks
52 X CD-ROM (SONY) 20,000 Ks
16X Sony DVD 30,500 Ks Fuji Xerox Laser 3116 Printer (USB) 192,000 Ks
Sony CD Writer (52 x 32 x 52 x) 48,500 Ks Fuji Xerox Laser 3130 Printer (USB) 348,000 Ks
720 Watt Speakers 4,100 Ks
! Scanner
! Memory EPSON Perfection 1270 Photo 122,850 Ks
512 MB (DDR RAM) PC 400 MHz (Kingston) 60,000 Ks EPSON perfection 3170 (Photo) 362,700 Ks
! Storage Device Flatbed Scanner HP 2400c (USB) 90,000 Ks
80 GB (Hitachi-7200 RPM) 66,500 Ks Flatbed Scanner HP 8200C (USB) 566,000 Ks
160 GB (Hitachi-7200 RPM) 102,500 Ks
! Toner
! Monitor HP Toner 5L-6L 59,100 Ks
15" SVGA Color Monitor (Philips) 108,000 Ks HP 1300 Toner/HP 1010 Toner 66,200 Ks
17" SVGA Color Monitor (Philips)107T(Flat) 152,000 Ks HP 1100 Toner 57,000 Ks
15" LCD Color Monitor (Philips) 242,000 Ks
! UPS
17" LCD Color Monitor (Philips) 314,000 Ks
600VA (Power Tree) Basic 36,000 Ks
! Printer
1.2KVA (Power Tree) 67,5000 Ks
HP Laser jet 1020 Printer (USB) 183,000 Ks
600 VA (Power Tree) Classic 40,000 Ks
HP Laserjet 1320 (USB & Parallel) 376,000 Ks
EPSON Dot Matrix Printer-LQ 300+ 205,920 Ks
rSwfcsuf/ / azmfjyygaps;EIef;rsm;ukd Client Focus Technol-
EPSON C65 Printer 93,600 Ks
ogy Group ESifh KMD Computer Centre wkdYr S &,lxm;
EPSON C45 Inkjet Printer 60,840 Ks ygonf/ (t,f'Dwm)
EPSON Photo R310 Printer 245,700 Ks

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7 LED / KRYPTON HEADLAMP
Which & Why ?
oGm;bufqikd &f mq&m0efEiS hf awmifwuform;rsm; toH;k
jyKaom LED rD;vHk; ckepfvHk;yg acgif;pD;rD;oD;jzpf/ tqifhoHk;qifh
jzifh toHk;jyK&NyD; yxrtqifh tay:rD; oHk;vHk;vif;? 'kwd,tqifh
atmufr;D oH;k vH;k vif;? wwd,tqifh tv,frS LED rD;vH;k wpfv;kH
vif;onf[q k /kd AAA "mwfcJ oH;k vH;k jzifh toH;k jyKEdik /f pifumylEikd if H
rS xkwfvkyfNyD; a&mif;aps; 6500 usyfjzpf/
Mini Night Light MX - 691

ntdyfrD;oD;ESifh wGJzuftoHk;jyKaom jcifarmif;pufjzpf/ jcifarmif;
xkwf&ef pufwGif jcifaq;jym;xnfhí toHk;jyKEdkif/ jcifaq;jym;udk oD;oefY
0,f,ltoHk;jyK&onf[kqdk/ w½kwfEdkifiHuxkwfvkyfNyD; a&mif;aps; 3500 usyf
jzpf/
SONCA BODY ALARM

SE 111
olcdk;zrf;ay;Edkifaompufjzpf/ rdrdydkufqHtdwf
twGif;xnfhxm;NyD; rodatmif tdwfzGifhrnfqdkygu toH
ay;aom ud&d,mjzpf/ tdrfcef;? ukrÜPD½Hk;cef;rsm;wGifvnf;
wyfqiftoHk;jyKxm;Edkif[kqdk/ AA "mwfcJ ESpfvHk; toHk;jyK
xm;/ xdkif0rfu xkwfvkyfNyD; a&mif;aps; 5500 usyfjzpf/

Micro Tel Auto Answering Recording

Function Caller ID Carded Phone
KX - TC 2020 CID
toHoGif;xm;NyD; tvdktavsmuf ajzMum;ay;í wpfzufrS
ajymqdrk u
I kd toHzrf;,lxm;Edik o
f nfh w,fvzD ek ;f jzpf/ t0iftxGuef yH gwf
udk rSwfom;xm;Edkif/ tcsdefem&Dyg&SdNyD; a&mif;aps; oHk;aomif;usyfjzpf/
xdkif0rfrSwifoGif;/
PANGAO PG - 2001
0rf;Adkuf&Sd tqDudkusapaom tqDcscg;ywfjzpf/ vufarmif;?
aygif&dS tqDwYkd uv kd nf; usapEdik /f oHvu kd yf g0ifí tqDuykd rkd akd ysmf0ifap
onf[q k /kd wkecf grIEiS hf emusifrI tqifh ESpq f ifyh g&S/d xdik 0f rfrS wifoiG ;f
NyD; a&mif;aps; usyf 35000 jzpf/
FOOT MASSAGER
ALIYE AND RELAX 2-IN-1
avjzwfa&m*gonfrsm;twGuf taMumajyEdik af om ajcz0g;ESyd f
zdeyfjzpf/ tqifh ajcmufqifyh g&Sí
d tqDcsEikd [
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k /kd AAA "mwfcJ ESpfvHk;
toHk;jyK/ xdkif0rfrSwifoGif;NyD; a&mif;aps; usyf 20ç000 jzpf/
GEEPAS WH 8200
aumfzDaph Budwfaompufjzpf/ wpfcgBudwfvQif 85 *&rf Budwf,lEdkif/
ajryJqef ponfhtaphrsm;udkvnf; vdktyfovdk Budwf,lEdkif[kqdk/ a&mif;aps; 11ç000
usyfjzpfNyD; ½k&Sm;EdkifiHrS wifoGif;/

MITSUMARU AP - 888
xrif;qdik Ef iS hf vkyif ef;cGio
f ;kH qefo;kH jynfcsuf xrif;aygif;td;k
jzpf/ csux f m;NyD;aomxrif;udk ylaEG;atmif aET;ay;xm;Edik [ f q
k /kd xdik ;f Edik if rH S
wifoiG ;f NyD; a&mif;aps; usyf 135ç000 jzpf/
tvSqifiSuf½kyf
tdrfcef;? ½kH;cef;rsm;wGif tvSqifypönf;tjzpf xm;&SdEkdifaom toHjrnfonfh
Happy Bird iSuf½kyfjzpf/ Remote Control pepfjzifh tokH;jyKEkdifNyD; Wireless Digital Door
Bell jzpf/ awmwGi;f wGif iSujf rnfoMH um;&onfth wkid ;f em;qifEidk /f a&mif;aps; usyf 13ç000
jzpf/
BELKIN FM Transmitter
aetdrfESifh um;rsm;twGif;wyfqifí FM a&'D,kdxkwfvTifhEkdif aom Audio
Device ud&d,mjzpf/ FM Channel 88.1 MHz rS 107.9 MHz twGif; xkwfvTifhay;EkdifNyD;
FM vki
d ;f av;vkid ;f ukd rSwo
f m;xm;Ekid /f bufx&Dtm;oGi;f Ekid rf nfh Power Cable BuKd;yg&S/d
tvkdtavsmuf zGifhEdkifydwfEkdif/ 3.5 mm Stereo Headphone Plug yg&SdNyD; bufx&D
oufwrf;rSm 10 em&DcH[kod&/ w½kwfEkdifiHrSwifoGif;NyD; a&mif;aps;rSm 52 US$ [kqkd/
TOSHIBA Tablet R 10
jynfwiG ;f uGeyf sLwmypön;f aps;uGut
f wGi;f okYd TOSHIBA rS yxr
OD;qkH; 0ifa&mufvmaom ausmufoifykef; PC ac: Tablet PC jzpf/ PM
DOTHAN 1.6 MHz trsKd;tpm;jzpfNyD; Memory 256 MB yg&Sd/ 14" XGA
Display Screen udk toHk;jyKxm;/ Hard Disk yrmP 40 GB &SdNyD; LAN,
Modem, DVD-CDRW Combo wkdY wpfygwnf;yg&Sd/ a&mif;aps; US$ 2100
[kqkd/

TOSHIBA Portage Notebook A 200

jrifuGif;udkMunfvifjywfom;aponfh aemufqHk;ay:enf;ynmudk
toHk;jyKxm;aom c&D;aqmif Notebook jzpf/ Centrino 1.6 GHz trsdK;tpm;
jzpfNyD; Memory 512 MB yg&Sd/ 12" CSV Display Screen udktoHk;jyKxm;/
Hard Disk yrmP 60 GB &SdNyD; LAN, Modem, SD SLOT, DVD-CD RW
Combo wdkYwpfygwnf;yg&Sd/ tav;csdef 800 g rQom&SdNyD; a&mif;aps; US$
2100 [kqdk/
GIGABYTE Wireless LAN Card

Operating Indoors pepfjzifh qufoG,ftoHk;jyKEdkifNyD; 11 Mbps
EIef;txd ay;ydkYEdkif/ Host Interface USB 1.1 jzifh PC ESifh qufoG,fEdkifNyD;
External Antenna wpfckyg&Sd/ a&mif;aps; US $ 42 [kod&/
HP 2550 L Color Laser Printer

Color ta&mifav;rsdK;yg Castridges jzifh xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKEdkif/
a&mifpq
kH v
kd Qif wpfred pf av;&GuEf eI ;f Print xkwaf y;Edik Nf yD; tjzLtrnf;qdyk gu
wpfrdepf 20 &GufEIef;txd Print xkwfay;Edkif/ wefzdk; US $ 487 [kqdk/
Creative 256 MB MP3 Player

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hf rQ ajymif;vJ wGe;f tm;ay;Edik o f nf/ þt"dymÜ ,ft& pdwfudkrSDwG,fNyD; pdwfudkjc,fvS,fae
aeaom ¤if;\tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk Munfjh rifvu
kd v f Qif tbd"r®mjzifh abm* aom taMumif;&if;cHrsm;(apwoduf)
cGjJ crf;pdwjf zmEdik af omaMumifh jzpfonf/ aA'ynm\ tajccHrsm;udk csOf;uyf udkvnf; aumif;pGmavhvmod&SdEdkifyg

tawG;tjrif
onf/ þenf;jzifh&aomtodESifh rdrd &TifEdkifp&m taMumif;jcif;&mrsm;udk awG;awm\/ þodYkaomtrIukd ]aumif;

\owdudk cRefjrxufjrufapNyD; vGwf tus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;jyocJhonf/ pGmxde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufjcif;} (tm&u©
vyfaompdwftcHudk cdkifrmtm;aumif; ]]jA[®Pvkvif... ypöKyÜeftusKd; orÜ'g)[k ac:tyfonf/
apEdik o f nf/ odYk EiS t hf rQ toufarG;0rf; pD;yGm;ESifh csrf;omokcudk OD;wnfap jA[®Pvkvif ... aumif;aom
ausmif;rI? pm;oHk;rI paom pD;yGm;a&; aom taMumif;w&m;av;yg;&Su d ek \f / taqGcifyGef;todkif;t0dkif;&Sdjcif; qdk
qdkif&m qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf&mwGif þonfwYkdum; 0D&, d pdu k x f w k Bf udK;yrf; onfum; þodYk oabm&Sad y\/ trsKd;
xdwv f efYp;kd &GUH rI? rawmfavmb? rxm; jcif; (O|meorÜ'g)? aumif;pGm xdef; aumif;om;wpfO;D onf NrdKUwGiaf eonf
oifah omrme ponfh twGi;f aphaqmfrI odr;f apmifah &Smufjcif; (tm&u©orÜ'g)? jzpfap? awmwGiaf eonfjzpfap &if;&if;
rsm;udk MuHhMuHhckdifausmfvTm;NyD; tppf aumif;aom taqGcifyeG ;f todik ;f t0dik ;f ES;D ES;D aygif;zufp&m? aqG;aEG;n§Ed idI ;f p&m
trSeo f ck csr;f omudk &nf&, G o
f nfh usihf &Sdjcif; (uvsmPrdwåm)ESifh rQwaom tMuHaumif;ÓPfaumif;ay;&m taqG
0wfjzpfpOftwdkif; usifhoHk;Edkifp&m &Sd toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI&Sdjcif; (or®m cifyGef;aumif;wdkY &Sdukef\/ taqGcif
ygonf/ þodkYaom pdwfydkif;qdkif&m ZD0dwm) wdkYyifwnf;/ yGe;f aumif;qdo k nfrmS tdraf xmif&iS jf zpf
xd;k xGi;f odjrifrI zGUH NzdK;vmonfrS pD;yGm; jA[®Pvkvif.. 0D&d,pdkufxkwf Edkifovdk tdrfaxmifr&Sd vlvGwfvnf;
a&;zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufrEI iS hf vlYprG ;f tm;zGUH NzdK; BudK;yrf;jcif;qdo k nfum; þodYk oabm jzpfEdkifonf/ i,faomfvnf; &ifhusuf
wd;k wufa&;odYk OD;wnfomG ;Edik rf nfjzpf &S\d / trsKd;aumif;om;wpfO;D onf rdrd oljzpfEdkifovdk BuD;aomfvnf; tav;
ygonf/ ud, k u f kd axmufr&yfwnfEikd &f ef 0D&, d xm;tyfoljzpfEdkifonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpf
yd k í ta&;BuD ; onf h t csuf r S m pduk xf w k Bf udK;yrf;\/ v,f,mvkyif ef; ap o'¨gESifhjynfhpHkaom? usifh0wfudk
ur®|mef;tvkyEf iS yhf if ydrk t kd qifjh rifah om ESifhjzpfap? ukefoG,fvkyfief;ESifhjzpfap? apmifx h ed ;f aom? apwemxufoefaom?
aysmf&iT rf w I pfcq k o D Ykd OD;wnfomG ;Edik af p arG;jrLa&;tvkyfESifhjzpfap? ppfonf ÓPfynmBuD;&ifhaom taqGcifyGef;
onft h aMumif; jzpfonf/ trSt D cdu k if; &JruftvkyEf iS jhf zpfap odYk r[kwf tjcm; aumif;wdkYudk qdkvdk&if;jzpfonf/ tqdk
aom twGif;pdwf\ tZÑwåNidrf;at;rI aom twwfynmwpfckckESifhjzpfap yg trsKd;aumif;om;onf olYrdwfaqG
jzpfygonf/ þodYkaom tZÑwNå idr;f at; rnfonfhtvkyfrsKd;ukdrqdk x<uvHkYv \ o'¨gw&m;xufoefrIudk avhvm
rIudk &SmazGawGU&SdvmonfESifh Opöm"e &S\
d / 0D&, d xkwv f yk uf idk \ f / uRr;f usif twk,lonf/ usifh0wfoDvjrJrIudk
tay: wG,fwmuyfNidrIr&SdawmhbJ vlY vdr®mjcif;vnf;&Sd\/ rdrdtvkyfwGif avhvmtwk,lonf/ apwemaumif;
tzGUJ tpnf;tusK;d twGuf taESmiftzGUJ rysif;&d? pdwf0ifwpm;ESifh uRrf;usifpGm jcif;udk avhvmtwk,o l nf ÓPfynm
uif;uif; vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufEdkifrnf aqmif&Guf\/ rdrdtvkyfudk rnfodkY BuD;&ifhrIudk avhvmtwk,lonf/ þ
jzpfygonf/ pDrcH efYc&JG rnf qdo k nfuv kd nf; em;vnf odkYaomtrIudk ]aumif;aom taqG
\/ wm0efvnf;,l\/ þodYkaomtrI cifyGef;todkif;t0dkif;&Sdjcif;} (uvsmP
Opöm"e&SmazGjcif;ESifU udk ]0D&, d pduk xf w k Bf udK;yrf;jcif;} (O|me rdwåm)[k ac:tyfonf/
xdef;odrf;apmifUa&Smufjcif; orÜ'g) [k ac:tyfonf/ jA[® P vk v if . .. rQwaom
Opöm"e&SmazGjcif;ESifh xdef;odrf; jA[®Pvkvif... aumif;pGm xde;f toufarG;0rf;rI&jdS cif;qdo k nfum; þ
apmifha&Smufjcif;wdkYESifh ywfoufaom od r f ; apmif h a &S m uf j cif ; qd k o nf u m; odYkoabm&Sad yonf/ trsK;d aumif;om;
Ak'¨\tjrifrsm;udk t*Fkwå&edum,f? þodYk oabm&Sad yonf/ trsKd;aumif; wpfOD;onf rdrd\Opöm"eudk toHk;
OZ,okwfwGif þodkYawGU&ygonf/ om;wpfO;D wGif aumif;pGm&SmazG&&Sad om tjzKef;vnf;rBuD;? wGeYfwakd p;ESrJ v I nf;
wpfcgaomf OZ,trnf&dS jA[®P rdrd\vkyftm; acR;wdkY\ toD;tyGifh rvGeu f J rQwpGmtoH;k jyK\/ Opöm"e\
vkvifwpfOD;onf Ak'¨xHcsOf;uyfí jzpfaom Opöm"ewdYk &\ dS / þOpöm"ewdYk wdk;wufaMumif;? qkwf,kwfaMumif;
aumif;pGm toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jcif; udu k muG,&f ef rdru d , kd w f ikd f 0D&,d pduk f w&m;wkdYudk aumif;pGmod\/ toHk;u
jzifh Opöm"e rnfodkY&&SdEdkifrnfudk tMuH xkwBf uKd ;yrf;\/ &eforl sK;d ig;yg;tEÅ&m,f 0ifaiGxufrydak pbJ 0ifaiGuom toH;k
ÓPfawmif;cHcJhonf/ Ak'ü ypöKyÜef rS rnfodkY umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf xufydkap&ef rnfodkYwm0ef,laqmif
a&m tem*wftwGufyg csrf;omaysmf qdkonfudkvnf; tjrJwap pOf;pm; &Guf&rnfudkvnf; em;vnf\/ Oyrm

tawG;tjrif
qdk&vQif csdefcGifudk toHk;jyKaomolvdk ysufpD;jcif;odkYvnf;a&mufEdkifao;\/ qnfa&wdkY wdk;yGm;vmEdkifrnfjzpfay

tav;wdkYudk ESpfzufrQwpGmcsdefn§dNyD; þtaMumif;w&m;av;yg;um; umr onf/}}
csed cf iG v
f QmnDapouJo
h Yjkd zpfonf/ tu,f *kPv f eG Mf uL;jcif;? aoaomufMuL;jcif;? qufvufNyD; Ak'ü tem*wf
í 0ifaiGenf;NyD; toHk;ursm;aevQif avmif;upm;MuL;jcif;ESihf rdwaf qG,w k f tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrhrIudk
ajcmufyJwpfjym;rusef oHk;pGJvdkuf&m ESihf aygif;oif;rdjcif;wdYkjzpfonf/ Oyrm OD;wnfapEdik af omw&m;wdYkukd qufvuf
a&mufí tiwfab;ESifhMuHKEdkifonf/ jy&vQif a&0ifaygufav;ayguf (BuD; a[mMum;ygonf/ tESpcf sKyaf zmfjy&vQif
tu,fí 0ifaiGrsm;aomfvnf; roHk; yGm;csrf;omaMumif;w&m;av;yg;)ESifh tqdkygw&m;wdkYrSm o'¨g (,HkMunfrI)?
&ufrpGJ&uf wGefYwdkaejyefvQifvnf; a&xGufaygufav;ayguf (pD;yGm;ysuf oDv (ud, k u f siwhf &m;apmifxh ed ;f jcif;)?
vlrGJwpfa,mufES,fom tcsnf;ESD; aMumif;w&m;av;yg;)&Sad om qnfBuD; pm* (vª'gef;ay;urf;jcif;)ESifh ynm
aoqHk;&m\/ odkYtwGuf rdrd0ifaiGESifh yrmyifjzpfonf/ (trSeuf o
kd jd rifjcif;)qdak om pdw0f n d mOf
toHk;p&dwfudk rQwpGm pdppfoHk;pGJ\/ tu,fí a&0ifaygufav;ayguf qdkif&m t&nftcsif;av;&yfyif jzpfyg
þodkYaomtrIudk rQwaom touf udk ydwfNyD;? a&xGufaygufav;ayguf onf/
arG;0rf;rI&Sdjcif;} (or®mZD0dwm)[k ac: udkzGifhxm;vQif &moDtvdkuf rdk;r&Gm
tyf\/ onfESifh qnfxJ&Sda&rsm;rSm avsmhyg; ausmf0if;
jA[®Pvkvif ... txufwGif oGm;rnfomjzpfonf/ wdk;yGm;p&m a&SUvtNyD;owfygrnf/
qdck ahJ om w&m;av;yg;aMumifh aumif; taMumif;r&Sd/ a&0ifaygufav;ayguf
pGm&&Sdaom pnf;pdrfOpömyifjzpfapOD; udk zGifhNyD; a&xGufaygufav;aygufudk pmnT e f ; - Buddhist Economics
(By P.A Payutto)
pD;yGm;ysufaMumif;w&m;av;yg;aMumifh ydwfxm;EdkifrSom rdk;&GmonfESifhtrQ
aMumfjim

tawG;tjrif
pD;yGm;a&;zGYH NzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf
tav;xm;&rnfU tajccHrl (10) csuf
a'gufwmarmifarmifpdk;(abm*aA')
E
conomy qdkaompum;udk abm*aA'[k jrefrmrIjyKxm;ygonf/ rl&if;pum;onf *&da0g[m& Greek
Word jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifpktwGuf pDrHcefYcGJjcif;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHonf
tdrfaxmifpkwpfckESifh oP²mefwlonf/ tdrfaxmifpkwpfckwGif udk,fhwm0efudk,f,l&ouJhodkY? wdkif;jynfwpfckwGif
vnf; olYwm0efukdol,l? udk,hfwm0efudk,f,l&onf/ tjcm;aomwm0efrsm;onf tjcm;aomolrsm; ausyGefpGmxrf;
aqmifjcif;xuf udk,fhwm0efudk,fausrSom tzGJUtpnf;onf wdk;wufaomoabm&Sdonf/ pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;
wufrItwGuf t"duwm0efrSmrl udk,fhtvkyfudk,fvkyf&efyifjzpfonf/ udk,fhtvkyfudk,fvkyfjcif;twGuf tvkyfESifh
rdrd? rdrdESifhtvkyfonf o[ZmwjzpfvmMuonf/ tqifajyvmonf/ qDavsmfvmonf/ rnfuJhodkY qHk;jzwf
vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&rnfudk aA'ifar;p&mrvdk? ,Mwmvnf;vkyfp&mrvkdawmh? ewfar;p&m rvdkawmhyg/ udk,fh
tvkyfjzpfaeaomaMumifh qHk;jzwfvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&eftwGuf udk,fydkifpGrf;tm;rsm; tvdkvkd&Sdvmygonf/ xdkY
aMumifhvnf; abm*aA'pD;yGm;a&;oabmw&m;wGif yxrydkif;taejzifh pOf;pm;Mu&mwGif ]vlawGb,fvdkqHk;jzwf
vkyfudkifMuoenf; How people make decision? } qdkaom tajccHtcsufonf ta&;ygaom tcsufwpfcsufjzpf
vmonf/ xdktajccHtcsufwGif tajccHrl 4 csufudk t"duxm; pOf;pm;Muonf/ xkdtcsufrsm;um; -

tawG;tjrif
1/ &,ljcif;twGuf ay;qyfrI taumif;qHk;? tajccHrl yxrtcsuf

&Sd&rnf? 7/ vdktyfonfhtcg tpdk;&
&,ljcif;twGuf ay;qyfrI &Sd&
2/ ay;oavmufyJ jyef&Muyg 0ifa&muf xdef;odrf;rIaMumifhvnf;
rnf/
rnf? aps;uGu&f v'faumif;rsm; &&SEd ikd o f nf?...
]]People face tradeoffs.}}
3/ tjrif r S e f a om vl r sm;\ ponfwdkYtay: tajccHxm;NyD;
]xrif;wpfeyf? tvum;r&Edkif}
trSefjrifaom tpGef;xGuf? pOf;pm;Muygonf/
[laom pum; &Sdygonf/ wpfenf;
4/ rufp&may:rlwnfNyD; wkHYjyef wwd,ydkif;taejzifh pOf;pm;Mu
tm;jzifh tcrJ&h onfyh pön;f [lí avmu
aomoabm&SdMuonf?... ponfwdkYudk onfum; udk,fhqHk;jzwfcsufESifhudk,f
wGif r&Sad o;yg/ xrif;wpfeyf tvum;
pOf;pm;Muygonf/ qH;k jzwfMuNyD;onfah emufwiG f vltcsi;f
r&Edik [ f al om pum;twGuf tvSLtdrf
'kwd,tydkif;taejzifh pOf;pm; csif;wdkY rnfodkY qufqHaygif;oif;Mu
wGio f mG ;pm;vQif r&Edik b f ;l vm;[laom
Muonfum; vlrsm;onf ud, k q hf ;kH jzwf jcif;jzifh vlrpI ;D yGm;a&;b0BuD;wpfcv k ;kH
tar;&SEd ikd yf gonf/ tvSLtdrw f iG f oGm;
csurf QEiS ho
f m rNyD;ao;yg/ uk,d q fh ;kH jzwf \ vIy&f mS ;ajymif;vJomG ;aom tajctae
pm;&mwGif tvSL&Sit f aejzifh apwem
csufrsm;jzifh tjcm;aomvlrsm;ESifh udk qef;ppfMujcif;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;
oHk;wef rnfrQyifxm;onfjzpfap? oifh
rnfoYdk yl;aygif;aexdik Mf uonfh oabm tm;jzifh vlrpI ;D yGm;a&;b0BuD;wpfcv k ;kH
twGuaf wmh ay;qyfr&I ydS gonf/ olonf
udkvnf; qef;ppfygonf/ qdkcJhonfh rnfoYkv d yI &f mS ;aeonfoh abm ]How the
xkt d vSLodYk zdwMf um;cH&aom vlBuD;vl
twdik ;f vlwYkd onf ] Social Animals } Economy as a whole works} twGuf
aumif;jzpfaeygu xkv d Bl uD;vlaumif;
rsm;jzpfonf[k qdx k m;aomaMumifh vl tajccHru l kd qef;ppfjcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;
pm&if;0if&eftwGuaf wmh &if;ES;D ay;qyf
tcsif;csif; aygif;oif;qufqaH &;onf tydkif;wGif avhvmaom tajccHrl (3)
rI&Sd&ygrnf/ vlBuD;vlaumif; qdkonf
ta&;ygvmonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]How csuyf g0ifygonf/ ,if;tcsurf sm;wGi.f ..
rSm tvdkvkd r&Edkifyg/ xdkufwefaom
People Interact} onfvnf; vlYb0wGif 8/ ukefpnfESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;
&if;ES;D rI &Syd gonf/ odYkr[kwf ]tvSLtdrf
ta&;ygvmonf/ ,if;tydik ;f wGif tajc ydkrkdxkwfvkyfvmEdkifjcif; &SdonfESifhtrQ
yJuGm? b,foloGm;pm;pm; &EdkifwmyJ?
cHtcsuf yOörtcsufrS owårtcsuf xdkEdkifiH\ vlaerI tqifhtwef;vnf;
vlBuD;vlaumif;rS r[kwyf gbl;} [laom
txd pOf;pm;vmygonf/ ,if;tcsuf jrifhrm;vmygonf/
cH,lcsufjzifh oGm;pm;rnfqdkuvnf;
rsm;wGif- 9/ aps;EIef;rsm;onf aiGaMu;
ay;qyfrI&Sdygonf/ vlwikd ;f rvky&f yJ g/
5/ ukeo f ,G rf o
I nf ukeof , G o f l yrmPtay: rlwnfonf?...
taMumif;rSm ay;qyfrIwpfck&Sdaeaom
tm;vHk;udk tusKd;jyKonf? 10/ tvkyv f ufrjhJ yóem &Si;f csif
aMumifjh zpfonf/ tvSLawGUwdik ;f 0ifpm;
6/ aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfonf vQif aiGazmif;yGrnfomjzpfonf [laom
wwfaomolrsm;? &oavmuf wG,w f wf
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf tcsufrsm; jzpfMuonf/
Muolrsm;udk vlpm&if; roGif;Mujcif;
onfvnf; ay;qyfrw I pfck jzpfaewwf
ygonf/ xdkYaMumifv h nf; xrif;wpfeyf
onf tvum;r&Edkif[laompum;udk
yrmjyKMujcif; jzpfonf/
avmuwGif t&m&mwdik ;f twGuf
ay;qyfr&I ydS gonf/ tcsed o f nf taumif;
qH;k OyrmwpfckwGif yg0ifygonf/ wpf
aeYvQif 24 em&Dudk vlwdkif;ydkifqkdifMu
ygonf/ xdkydkifqdkifaom 24 em&Dudk
udpöwpfcktwGufoHk;vQif tjcm;aom
udpt ö wGuf pGefYvTwf&ygonf/ upm;

tawG;tjrif
rvm;? pmusufrmS vm;[laom tawG; avmuwGif t&m&mwdkif;twGuf ay;qyfrI &Syd gonf/ tcsed o f nf
rsKd;jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifpk0ifaiGrsm;
taumif;qH;k OyrmwpfckwGif yg0ifygonf/ wpfaehvQif 24 em&Dudk
onfvnf; xdktwkdif;yifjzpfonf/ xdk
odkYaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsKd;rsm;wGifvnf; vlwdkif; ydkifqkdifMuygonf/ xdkydkifqdkifaom 24 em&Dudk udpöwpfck
wpfcu k &kd ,lvQif usew f pfcuk kd pGeYfvw
T f twGufoHk;vQif tjcm;aomudpötwGuf pGefhvTwf&ygonf/ upm;
vdkuf&aomoabmrsKd; &Sdaeygonf/ rvm;? pmusurf mS vm;[laom tawG;rsK;d jzpfonf/ tdraf xmifp0k ifaiG
,if;onf wpfOD;csif;wpfa,mufcsif; rsm;onfvnf; xdktwkdif;yifjzpfonf/
twGuo f m pOf;pm;qH;k jzwfonfh tae
txm;jzpfonf/ tzGJUtpnf;twGuf tajccHrl 'kwd,tcsuf taersm;vnf; Munfh&rnf/ ausmif;
vnf; xdkYtwlyifjzpfygonf/ vlonf ay;oavmufyJ jyef&Muygrnf/ p&dwf? aexdkifpm;aomufrpI &dw?f c&D;
taygif;toif;ESiahf ewwfaom owå0g ]]The Cost of something is what you p&dwpf onfwYkdonf ta&;ygvmonf/
rsm; (Social Animals) jzpfMuygonf/ give-up to get it.}} xkYdjyif xdak usmif;wufpOfumvtwGi;f
xkdtajccHay:rlwnfNyD; wpfOD;\ ukef wef&mwef&mom&rnfqdkonfh tvkyv f yk rf nfqykd gu &rnf0h ifaiGrsm;
ypön;f xkwv f yk rf uI kd wpfO;D \ ukeyf pön;f oabmyifjzpfygonf/ tawmfrsm;rsm; onfvnf; p&dwftjzpf xnfhwGuf
xkwv f yk rf EI iS hf vJvS,fpm;oHk;Mujcif; aomvlwdkY\ oabmonf p&dwfESifh oifhygonf/ xdkvufvTwfqHk;½IH;&rnfh
vnf; jzpfygonf/ vJvS,f&rSef;od tusK;d udk wGuaf vh&ydS gonf/ wGuv f nf; 0ifaiGrsm;onfvnf; p&dwfyif jzpf
aom todw&m;t& rdrdydkrdkuRrf;usif wGuo f ifMh uygonf/ jyef&csufrsm;udk onf/ ausmif;wufonfhtwGuf ukef
onfh xkwv f yk rf rI sm;udk aZmufcs xkwf wGuq f Mu&mwGif ydo k maom jyef&csuf cef;oGm;aom tcsdefonfvnf; p&dwf
vkyfvmMuonf/ t&m&mudk [dkpyfpyf udkom arQmfudk;wGufqMuygonf/ tjzpf xnfhoGif;wGufcsufEdkifygonf/
onfpyfpyf xkwfvkyfjcif;xuf pl;pdkuf &oifo h nf[x k ifxm;aom arQmrf eS ;f csuf ,if;wdkYudk tcGifhtvrf;p&dwf (Op-
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