Claudine Joy D.

Valiente
BSN1-B-17

ENZYMES
LAB REPORT
INTRODUCTION:
 Enzymes are proteins that act upon substrate molecules and decrease the activation energy
necessary for a chemical reaction to occur by stabilizing the transition state. This stabilization
speeds up reaction rates and makes them happen at physiologically significant rates. Enzymes
bind substrates at key locations in their structure called active sites. They are typically highly
specific and only bind certain substrates for certain reactions. Without enzymes, most metabolic
reactions would take much longer and would not be fast enough to sustain life.

MATERIALS:
-Banana
-three test tubes.
-water
-hydrochloric acid
-sodium hydroxide
-ph strips.
-iced water
-boiling water
-hydrogen peroxide

METHODS

A. Effect of pH
Put the same amount of banana in three test tubes. In the first tube, put 1ml of water. In
the second test tube, put 1ml of hydrochloric acid. Lastly, in the third tube, add 1ml of
sodium hydroxide. Get a sample from each of the tubes and test the ph using ph strips.
After that, add an equal quantity of the substrate which is the hydrogen peroxide in each
of the tubes, and stir. Look for the bubble formation which means that the catalyze is
breaking the substrate down.

B. Effect of Temperature
Put the same amount of banana in three test tubes. In the first tube, add room
temperature water, iced water in the second, and boiling water in the last tube. After
that, bathe the second tube in a container with ice, and the third tube in boiling water for
about 5 mins. After that, take the tubes. Add the same amount of hydrogen peroxide to
each of the tubes and check for the formation of bubbles that will indicate the enzyme
activity.
C. Effect of substrate concentration
Put the same amount of banana in three test tubes. Add about 3 ml of water to the second
and third tubes. After that, add 3% peroxide solution in the first tube, 1% in the second
tube, and 0.03% in the last tube. Observe the formation of bubbles.

DATA

A. Effect of pH
Sample Neutral pH Acidic Basic
Banana The result is greenish The result was red The result was dark
which means that the pH which means that the blue or violet which
level is around 6 or 7. pH level is around 1. means that the pH
After adding hydrogen After adding level is around 12 or
peroxide, bubbles started hydrogen peroxide, 13. After adding
to appear at the top of the there were no hydrogen peroxide
tube. bubbles formed there were No
bubbles formed.

B. Effect of Temperature

Sample Room Temperature Cold Water Boiling Water

Banana After the procedure, it is
evident that the enzyme is
active as many bubbles
appear immediately inside
the tube.
After the procedure, After the procedure,
it is evident that the it is evident that the
enzyme decreased its enzyme has lost its
activity as few activity as there were
bubbles were seen no bubbles to find
inside the tube. inside the tube.

C. Effect of substrate concentration

Sample 3% H2O2 1% H2O2 0.003% H2O2

Banana There is a rapid There is a lower They’re very few
and abundant amount of bubbles bubbles that were
formation of that were formed formed inside the
bubbles inside the inside the tube. tube.
test tube.
ANALYSIS

In the first tube with a neutral Ph table, A shows that each enzyme has a certain pH range
wherein it, generated around 2cm of bubbles, indicating that the catalyze is breaking down the
hydrogen peroxide. altering the pH outside of that range will cause the enzyme to slow down. if
the pH is too high the enzymes can denature because the second and third test tubes had such a
strong acid and there are no bubbles developed. While in the second tube effect of temperature it
shows that table B is raising the temperature of response speeds it quickly, whereas reducing the
temperature slows it down. Extremely high temperatures, on the other hand, can cause an
enzyme to lose its form or get denatured, causing it to cease operating. This is why bubbles
formed in the procedure when the temperature was normal or cold, but not when the temperature
was high. And the last test tube which is table C shows that there is a high possibility of contact
between enzyme and substrate, increasing the substrate concentration also increases the rate of
catalysis. This is the reason why in the first tube (containing 3% of the substrate) the reaction is
very fast as many bubbles immediately formed and as we decrease the amount of the substrate in
the remaining tubes, we can see that there is a significant change of enzyme activity leaving the
last tube (containing 0.03% of the substrate) with a very minimal amount of bubbles.

CONCLUSION

Therefore in the laboratory test on enzymes, I found out that different factors may affect enzyme
activity. This experiment contains the pH, temperature, and substrate concentration. And the
purpose of it is to differentiate the factors from each other and to know how the test affects the
enzyme activity, here are the observations and results of the experiment: in normal pH, the
enzyme activity is in its good state because it can do its job that is to break the substrate.
However, in acidic and basic pH, there were no bubbles formed because the enzyme was
denatured at extreme pH levels Similarly, in terms of temperature, there is an abundant and
immediate formation of bubbles in the first tube which contains the water with normal
temperature, but only a few and slow in the second (low temperature), and none in the last tube
(high temperature). What happened in the last tube was an example of denaturatiowherei the
enzyme was deactivated because the temperature was beyond its optimum range. Lastly, when it
comes to the substrate concentration, this procedure proved that the higher the amount of
substrate, the faster the catalysis will occur.

REFERENCES
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554481/#:~:text=Enzymes%20are%20proteins%20that
%20act,happen%20at%20physiologically%20significant%20rates.
https://www.brazosport.edu/Assets/pdfs/programs/biology/gen-bio-1-library/
Lab6_Enzymes_Fall2016.pdf