The following information's are important to understand Tyres.

1. How the word “Tyre” has come?

2. Cross Section of Tyres with nomenclature of different location.
3. General Classification of Tyres
4. Construction wise Classification of Tyres
5. Basic Construction of “Bias” & “Radial” Tyres
6. General Information of “Bias” & “Radial” Tyres
7. Tyre Size, Tread & Tread Depth
8. Resistance of OTR Tyres.
9.. Tyre & Rim Association (TRA). TRA Classification.
10. Selection Parameters & Design Parameters of OTR Tyre
11. Compound Characteristics
12. Ply Rating & Star Rating
13. Steel Breaker Bias Tyre
14. Basic Difference between Radial & Bias Tyre
15. Few common failure of OTR Tyre
See how the word “TYRE” has come.

T=Trace
Y=Your
R=Route
E=Everywhere

“Trace Your Route Everywhere”

Nomenclature of each segment of Tyre.
Basically Tyres are classified
into two categories.

1. On the Road

2. Off the Road / Off Highway

Construction wise Tyres are classified into
two categories.

1. Bias

2. Radial
See the basic construction of Bias Tyre along
with nomenclature of each segment.
See the basic construction of Radial Tyre
along with nomenclature of each segment.
Understand the meaning of Tyre Size 27.00x49. Also
indicates Tyre Tread & Tread Depth.
Off the road Tyres are basically used in
Mining and Construction filed. Very
commonly the following category of tyres are
manufacturing and used according to the
application as well as underfoot condition.

1. Heat Resistance

2. Cut Resistance

3. Wear Resistance
Tyres are manufacturing with different types of resistance. The
following resistance are very commonly used in mining field and
generally these are off the self available.

1. Heat Resistance Tyres are normally used in Coal Mines.

2. Cut Resistance Tyres are normally used in Stone Mines.

3. Wear Resistance Tyres are normally used in Iron Mines.

Note: Incase project requirement doesn’t satisfy any one

of these, then customized tyres need to develop where
multiple resistance are there.
“TRA” means Tyre & Rim Association.
Depending upon the application, “TRA” need
to select. From the TRA, we can get the
“Tread Type” & “Tread Pattern”. Tread
patterns are different in “Radial” and “Bias”
tyres.

TRA - E-2, E-3, E-4, E-7 are applicable in Dumpers.

TRA – L-2, L-3, L-4, L-5, L5S are applicable in Loaders.
TRA – G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 are applicable in Graders.

( See the separate slides to understand TRA)

Actually “E” indicate Earthmoving. Here, E is used for
Hauling Equipment's. Tread type & Tread pattern are
furnished hereunder.
Actually “L” indicate Loader. Basically L type tyres are
applicable in Loader & Dozer where both forward and
reverse fast movement is there. Tread type & Tread
pattern are furnished hereunder.
Actually “G” indicate Grader. Tread type & Tread
pattern are furnished hereunder.
Every tyre is having a point in between
two treads which is called “Tread
Indicator”. The height of the new tyre
from the top of the tread to tread
indicator is called Original Tread
Depth (OTD). With respect to uses,
tread will worn out and OTD will
reduce.
The following Parameters need to consider for
selection of OTR to get the better performance.

1. Nature of Mines
2. Hauling Road Condition
3. Gradient of Hauling Road
4. Distance of Loading end to Dumping end.
5. Load with Material
6. Cleanliness of Road
7. Maximum and Minimum Temperature of
the mines.
According to the application, standard tyres are
available into the market. However, in case
standard tyre will not perform well, customized
tyre can be manufactured considering selection
Parameters.

In this process manufacturer will do field study

and calculate TKPH (Ton Kilometer /Hour).

Depending upon the TKPH, manufacture will

adjust chemical ingredients, Ply Rating (PR),
Tread Type, Tread Pattern, Tread Depth etc.
Please find hereunder the calculation of TKPH.
From this graph it is clear that if Cut resistance
is better then heat resistance will less and it is
vise-versa.
1. Play Rating indicates the Load Capacity of a
Bias Tyre.

2. If Play Rating is more, it means load bearing

capacity is also more.

3. Higher “PR” means higher purchasing “Cost”.

1. Star Rating indicates the Load Capacity of a
Radial Tyre.

2. Star Rating is linked with TRA code. Both

these factors jointly determine the purpose of use
the tyres.
• Radial Tyres dissipate heat better than Bias Tyres.
Radial tyres also provide greater comfort at higher
speeds because of soft sidewalls, which absorb the
impact of imperfections on the road surface.

• Bias tyres are able to carry a greater load because their

sidewalls are more rigid.

• Side cut & separation in Radial Tyre is negligible.

Very commonly the following failure are
happening in mining field.

1. Side Cut
2. Tread Separation
3. Bulging
4. Bead Separation