BEM=BASIC EMPTY MASS (AEROPLANE MASS+EQUIMENT LIKE Fire extinguisher+OIL+unsual fuel ETC)

DOM=DRY OPERATING MASS (BEM+CREW(PILOT AND CABIN CREW)+FOOD AND WATER)

OM(OPERATION MASS )/TAKE OFF MASS= (DOM+ FUEL)

ZERO FUEL MASS =(DOM+TRAFFIC LOAD)

MTOW(MAXIMUM TAKE OFF MASS)=MTOW

MLW(MAXIMUM LANDING MASS)=MLW+TRIP FUEL

MZFW(MAXIMUM ZERO FUEL MASS)=MZFW+TRIP FUEL+TAXI FUEL+ALTERNATE FUEL(RESERVE FUEL)

LTOW(LOWEST TAKE OFF WEIGHT)=APS(BASIC OPERATING WEIGHT/DRY OPERATING MASS)

+FOB(FUEL ON BOARD=TRIP FUEL+TAXI FUEL+RESERVE FUEL+TAKE OFF FUEL)+PAYLOAD

Traffic load=passenger +passenger carriage

Useful load=traffic load+take off fuel

The responsibility for determination of the mass of operating items and crew members included within
the dry operating mass lies with the operator

An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment but is not entered into the
load and trim sheet. The aero plane will be heavier than expected and calculated take off safety speeds
will be reduced safety margin
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