Name: Jessa A.

Lisondra
Course/ Group: BSHM2 G-2

ASSESSMENT M 11-12

ACTIVITY 1:
1. Socio-cultural Theory
2. Marriage
3. Sex Role Spillover Theory
4. Gender and Development
5. Women and development
6. Sexual Harassment
7. Women in development
8. Anti-Discriminatory Bill
9. Due Process
10. Equal Protection

ACTIVITY 2: Search in the internet, the supreme Court decided case “Ang Ladlad LGBTQ Party
VS COMELIC, GR No. 190582, 8 April 2010, read and examine the ruling of the Supreme Court
regarding members of the LGBTQ+ and their right to participate in the party list system. Write
the rule below. (5 points)

-1. Yes, ang Ladlad is qualified as a party-list.

The Court ruled that benevolent neutrality recognizes that government must pursue its secular
goals and interests but at the same time strive to uphold religious liberty to the greatest extent
possible within flexible constitutional limits. Thus, although the morality contemplated by laws
is secular, benevolent neutrality could allow for accommodation of morality based on religion,
provided it does not offend compelling state interests. No law exists to criminalize homosexual
behavior or expressions or parties about homosexual behavior. Under our system of laws, every
group has the right to promote its agenda and attempt to persuade society of the validity of its
position through normal democratic means. 
In this case, respondent has failed to explain what societal ills are sought to be prevented, or
why special protection is required for the youth. Neither has the COMELEC condescended to
justify its position that petitioner’s admission into the party-list system would be so harmful as
to irreparably damage the moral fabric of society. Moral disapproval, without more, is not a
sufficient governmental interest to justify exclusion of homosexuals from participation in the
party-list system. From the standpoint of the political process, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender have the same interest in participating in the party-list system on the same basis as
other political parties similarly situated. State intrusion in this case is equally burdensome.
Hence, laws of general application should apply with equal force to LGBTs, and they deserve to
participate in the party-list system on the same basis as other marginalized and under-
represented sectors.

Hence, ang Ladlad is qualified as a party-list

2. Yes, there is a violation of human rights.

The Court ruled that with respect to freedom of association for the advancement of ideas and
beliefs, in Europe, with its vibrant human rights tradition, the European Court of Human Rights
(ECHR) has repeatedly stated that a political party may campaign for a change in the law or the
constitutional structures of a state if it uses legal and democratic means and the changes it
proposes are consistent with democratic principles.

Furthermore, the principle of non-discrimination as it relates to the right to electoral

participation, enunciated in the UDHR and the ICCPR.

The principle of non-discrimination is laid out in Article 26 of the ICCPR, as follows:

All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal
protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to
all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race,
colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth or other status.

In this context, the principle of non-discrimination requires that laws of general application
relating to elections be applied equally to all persons, regardless of sexual orientation. Although
sexual orientation is not specifically enumerated as a status or ratio for discrimination in Article
26 of the ICCPR, the ICCPR Human Rights Committee has opined that the reference to "sex" in
Article 26 should be construed to include "sexual orientation." Additionally, a variety of United
Nations bodies have declared discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation to be prohibited
under various international agreements.
The UDHR provides:

Article 21.

(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through
freely chosen representatives.

Activity 3.
3.1 List down the similarities and differences of WID, WAD and GAD. Write your answer
below. (5 points)

Similarities  -The term “Women, Gender and

Development” could be seen a discipline
much like other area of knowledge. However,
what sets it apart from various disciplines is
that, its major contributors are individuals
that raise issues and concerns, concerning
women, gender and development. These are
academics, feminist activists and
development practitioner.
-  It is important to note that no approach can
be neutral in terms of its effect on the power
relationship between men and women.

Differences -Gender inequality is highly linked with the

power struggle that hinders the recognition
of women as significant actors and
negotiators of the development processes.
- The need for including actual fieldwork
results into theories of development.
Basically, the collective needs of individuals
need to be put into consideration when
implementing various development theories

3.2 Discuss which of this model are the best approach to address social inequalities. Write your
choice and reasons in the space provided.
- The GAD approach seeks to analyze the causes of gender inequality within the context of
relations between women and men and social structure, and to change stereotyped division of
labor as well as institutions and systems that bring about gender disparity. The GAD approach
emphases empowerment of women who are economically and socially disadvantaged, while
paying due consideration to the role of men in eliminating gender inequality. The factors that
affect gender inequality are a complex combination of economic structure, politics, culture,
society, history, and geography specific to that country and region. Therefore, to attain impact
that are equitably beneficial for both women and men, sex disaggregated information on
beneficiary groups, needs, project impact should be assessed during the project planning
process. From this perspective, integration of gender perspective into ex-ante evaluation will be
strengthened and studies for analyzing women's social and economic roles and situations will
be implemented as needed. At the same time, considerations will be given to promote
women's as well as men's participation in decision making at the stages of planning and
projects that may affect their lives. In addition, efforts will be made at the stages of project
implementation and post-completion to conduct monitoring, evaluation and effective feedback
based on gender perspective.