Response Spectrum.

Earthquake: Central California, Imperial Valley, May 18, 1940

Se desea determinar la fuerza estática equivalente con la cual se debe diseñar un marco
de un piso, sometido a la acción del sismo ocurrido el 18 de mayo de 1940, en Imperial
Valley California.

The acceleration of the base of the

structure is equivalent to applying a force
equal to F = - m x'' g to the structure.

c k F ( t)
x''   x'  x =
m m m

2 k c
 = =
m 2 m 

2 F ( t) F ( t) m  u''g ( t)
x''  2      x'    x = = = u''g ( t)
m m m

2 k 2  2
x''  2      x'    x = u''g ( t) Eq. 1 T=  =
m 
__________________________________________________________________________

The values of the acceleration of the earthquake were recorded every 0.02 seg and 1560 data were
sampled. The durationn of the earthquake was 31.18 seg.

Text file: El Centro 1559p t0_02.txt

F  t  0.02 seg g  9.81 m/s2

\El Centro 1559p t0_02.t

The approximate excitation period of the earthquake was 0.22 seg. Te  0.22 seg

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 1 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 Ground acceleration in m/s2 ag  g  F m/s2

Exciting Force F(t)/m = u''g(t)

3
Base Acceleration in m/s2

1.5

ag
0

1.5

3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
t
Time in Seconds.

Structure Data.

2
x''  2      x'    x = u''g ( t) Ec. 1

2 
=
T

Mass m  8000 kg

5
Stiffness k  4.9965  10 N/m

k 2 
Damping:   0.05     7.9 rad/s T  T  0.8 seg
m 

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 2 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 2
Natural Period: T  0.8 seg x''  2      x'    x = u''g ( t) Eq. 1

The response of the structure was obtained by solving Eq. 1 using a numerical method on the EXCEL
sheet El Centro Wilson.xlz, displacement, velocity and acceleration are graphically displayed obtained
in the EXCEL sheet.
El Centro Wilson.xlz
x Variables sent to the Excel sheet:
 v   Stiffness k, is stored in the Excel variablel k
Damping  , is stored in the Excel variablel
  epsilon
a Period T, is stored in the Excel variablel T
Hoja de cálculo Delta time T, is stored in the Excel variablel deltaT

Variables that return the Excel sheet:

Displacement x, is stored in the Excel variablel des
k  T t  Velocity v , is stored in the Excel variablel vel
Acceleratión a, is stored in the Excel variablel ace

Maximum values of the displacement, velocity and acceleration

xmax  8 cm vmax  58.7 cm/s amax  597.2 cm/s2

Disp. x (cm), Vel. v cm/s)
20

15

10

5
xi

vi 0

10

15

20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
ti
Time in Seconds
displacement (cm)
velocity (cm/seg)

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 3 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 Acceleration a (cm/s2)
600

300

ai
0

300

600
0 5.33 10.67 16 21.33 26.67 32
ti
________________________________________________________________________
Mass m  8000 kg g  9.81 m/s2 Design Seismic Force

5
Stiffness k  4.9965  10 N/m

Damping   0.05

Period T  0.8 seg

Maximum displacement. xmax  8 cm

Maximum acceleration. amax  597.2 cm/s2

xmax 4
FD = k  xmax FD  k  FD  4.02  10 N
100
FD
Design earthquake force FD  FD  4094 kg
g
2
  xmax
cs  cs  0.51 cs  m  4094 kg
100  g
06 Response Spectrum.mcd 4 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.
 Suppose you want to design a set of different structures to withstand the earthquake under study.

Each of the structures has different values of mass (m) and stiffness (k), thus defining a natural period T,
different for each of them. The damping value () would be the same for all.

For each of these structures, Eqc. 1 nust be solved with its respective value of period T and obtain the
maximum value displacement.

The following table shows the results obtained from the maximum displacements of structures. The row ze
corresponds to the natural period T in seconds of the structures and row one corresponds to the maximum
displacement in cm obtained by the Eq. 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
T
ER  0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
1 0 0.2 0.6 1.7 3.1 5.7 6.8 6.3 8 10.7 11.2 9.8 9.2 8.9 8.9

The following graph shows the results obtained from 60 different structures cwith periods from o to 6 se
in 0.1 second increments.

Dsiplacement Response Spectrum

40
Maximum Displacement x (cm)

32

24
Espx
j

16

0
0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6
Tn
j
Natural Period Tn

This graph is called the Displacement Response Spectrum

Equivalent Static Force: Fs = k  xmax

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 5 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 Knowing the design spectrum of the displacement for a given earthquake, one can easily determine the
seismic design force for any structure. With the value of the natural period T of the structure, the maximum
response xmax of the structure can be obtained, and then, the corresponding design force Fs.

Equivalent Static Force: Fs = k  xmax

_________________________________________________________________________

Pseudo Acceleratión "A"

A more convenient alternative way to determine the seismic design force Fs is by using the Pseudo
Acceleratión "A" response spectrum.

2 k 2 2
Fs = k  xmax  = k = m  Fs = m    xmax
m

2
Pseudo acceleration: A =   xmax

Design Seismic Force

W A
Fs = m  A Fs = A cs = Fs = cs  W
g g

The pseudo acceleration is not equal to the maximum acceleration, example:

For T  0.8 seg   7.9 rad/s xmax  8.04 cm

Maximum acceleration: amax  597.16 cm/s2

2
Pseudo acceleration A    xmax A  502 cm/s2

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 6 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 Pseudo acceleration response spectrum divided by "g" ( cs = A/g ) obtained for the
earthquake "Central California, Imperial Valley, May 18, 1940"

cs = Pseudo-Aceleration/g (A/g)
1
0.9

0.8
cs = A/g (adimensional)

0.7

0.6
Asj
0.5
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4
Tn
j
Natural Period Tn

If for a given earthquake, the seismic coefficient cs = A/g ( pseudo acceleration A divided by g ) is
obtained corresponding to each natural period "T" of all posible structures, the graph " T vs A/g " is calle
the Pseudo Acceleration Response Spectrum.
________________________________________________________________________

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 7 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 Knoking the graph " cs - T ", it is possible to obtain the design seismic force for this
earthquake, of any structure knowing its mass and natural period.

Exampleo 1 Seismic Design Force

Mass m  8000 kg

5
Stiffness k  4.9965  10 N/m

Period T  0.8 seg

For T = 0.8 s cs  0.51

Design force for this earthquake:

FD  cs  m FD  4080 kg

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 8 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.

 5
Example 2 Mass m  30000 kg Stiffness k  8.25  10 N/m

k 2 
  T  Period T  1.2 seg
m 

For T =1.2 s cs  0.258

Design force for this earthquake: FD  cs  m FD  7740 kg

06 Response Spectrum.mcd 9 PhD Rafael Cedeño Rosete.