1

WORKSHOP No. 2 - Mechanical properties of materials

Eduardo Murcia & Jordán Barrantes

August 2020
Militar University of New Granada
Engineering materials
 2

Table of Contents

F3-11. ______________________________________________________________3
3-17. _______________________________________________________________4
3-35. _______________________________________________________________5
 3

F3-11. The material for the 50 mm long specimen has the stress-strain diagram shown in
the figure. If the load P = 150 kN is applied and then removed, determine the permanent
elongation of the especimen.

∅ = 𝑑𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 20 𝑚𝑚
L=longitud 50 mm
𝜋
A=área =4 (𝐿)2

P=150 kn
𝑃
𝜗 = 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 =
𝐴
𝑃𝐿
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 =
𝐴𝜗
𝜋 2
𝐴= (5 )
4
A=19.63𝑚𝑚2
150𝑘𝑛
𝜗=
1.663 ∗ 10−5
𝜗 = 9019843.65
(150𝑘𝑛)(0.05𝑚)
E= = 0.050 pulg
(1.663∗10−5 )(9019843.65)
 4

3-17. A stress test was performed on a specimen made with a 2014-T6 aluminum alloy. The
resulting stress-strain diagram is shown in the figure.

Estimate (a) the limit of proportionality, (b) the modulus of elasticity, and (c) the yield
strength based on a 0.2 percent strain with the creep method.
(a)= límite de proporcionalidad=
60ksi y 45 ksi
44−0
(b)=𝜗 = 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 0.004−0 = 11.0 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑠𝑖

(c)=

3-35. The figure shows the elastic portion of the stress-strain diagram in tension for an
aluminum alloy. The specimen used for the test has a gauge length of 2 in. And a diameter
 5

of 0.5 in. When the applied load is 9 kip, the new diameter of the specimen is 0.49935 in.
Calculate the shear modulus Gal for aluminum.
𝜗 70
𝐸𝑎𝑡 = = = 11400.65𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜀 0.00614
𝑃 9
𝜗= =𝜋 = 45.85 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐴 (0.5) 2
4
𝜗 45.84 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝜀𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 = = = 0.0040208
𝐸 11400.65 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝑑´ − 𝑑 0.49935 − 0.5 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝜀𝑙𝑎𝑡 = = = −0.0013
𝑑 0.5 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝜀𝑙𝑎𝑡 −0.0013
𝑣= =− = 0.32332
𝜀𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 0.0040208
𝐸𝑎𝑡 11.4 ∗ 103
𝐺𝑎𝑙 = = = 4.31 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑠𝑖
2(1 + 𝑣) 2(1 + 0.32332)

F3-1 Define homogeneous material.

Considering the material homogeneous means that all its points are equal for the purposes
of mechanical behavior. Mathematically it implies that the behavioral relationship
(relationship between stresses and deformations) is similar at any point in the material, and
therefore it is independent of the coordinates of the point studied.

3.7 A structural member in a nuclear reactor is made of a zirconium alloy. If an axial

load of 4 kip is to be supported by the member, determine its required cross-sectional area.
Use a factor of safety of 3 relative to yielding. What is the load on the member if it is 3 ft
long and its elongation is 0.02 in.? Ecr= = 14(10^3)ksi, σ=57.5ksi The material has elastic
behavior.
Allowable Normal Stress:

F.S=σy/(σ allow)

3=(57.5)/(σ allow)
σ allow=19.17 ksi
 6

σ allow=P/A
19.17=4/A
A=0.2087in^2=0.209 in^2
Stress–Strain Relationship: Applying Hooke’s law with
ε=δ/L=(0.02)/(3)(12) =0.000555 in/in
σ=Eε=14(〖10〗^3 )(0.000555)=7.778ksi

Normal Force: Applying equation σ=P/A

P= σA=(7.778)(0.2087)=1.62kip
3.25. The acrylic plastic rod is 200 mm long and 15 mm in diameter. If an axial load of
300 N is applied to it, determine the change in its length and the change in its diameter.
Ep=2.70GPa, Vp=0.4

σ=P/A=300/(π/4 (0.015)^2 )=1.697 Pa

εlong=σ/L=(1.697(10^6 ))/(2.70(10^9 ))=0.0006288
δ=εlongL=0.0006288 (200)=0.126mm
εlat=-Vεlong=-0.4(0.0006288)=-0.0002515
Δd= εlatd=-0.0002515 (15)=-0.00377mm.