WHAT IS A FILIPINO?

WHAT MAKES US A FILIPINO?

WHAT ARE THE IMAGES THAT REFLECT YOUR
FILIPINO IDENTITY?
 “A
person may escape
society for a while, but he
can never escape culture.”
- Joseph H. Fichter.”

Questions:
1. What can you say about the quotation?
2. Do you agree with the author’s statement?
Why or why not?
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOCIAL SCIENCE &
NATURAL SCIENCE
⚫SOCIAL SCIENCE
➢concerned with the society and relationship among individuals within the
society
➢ branch of discipline or branch of science that deals with human behavior
in its social and cultural aspects”
➢also the field of human knowledge that deals with all aspects of the group
of life of human beings therefore, it is subject to change with the changes of
the human behavior.
➢use empirical research methods to investigate all sorts of interpersonal and
intrapersonal behaviors
➢includes anthropology, sociology, political science, economics,
psychology, and geography as its branches
➢studies the human society
⚫NATURAL SCIENCE
➢concerned with the description , prediction , and understanding of
natural phenomena , based on observational and empirical
evidence
➢branch of science that deals with the natural world: its processes,
elements, and composition
➢is the study of the universe and how it works or the sciences of
nature, give attention on investigating every single natural
phenomenon that occurred, or is currently happening, in our world
using tangible evidences like natural forces, fossils, and artifacts.
➢explore the laws of nature that rule our world through objective and
empirical approaches.
( Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Earth Sciences )
➢ studies natural events
 IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
❖CULTURE
❑ Culture creates man to be creative and resourceful by adapting and
integrating himself in the environment to survive
❑ Culture determines outline of acceptable social behavior such as protocols,
good manners, roles, and duties established by folkways, mores, and laws.
❑ Culture carry-out meanings through different forms of verbal and non-verbal
communication.
❑ Culture produces tangible objects relevant to man such as instruments,
tools, equipment, structures, and all technological advancements.
❑ Culture contributes to the totality of living of humankind as well as on how
they can make their lives enjoyable, easier, and comfortable.
SOCIETY – from the Latin word “ socius “ which means
comrade , companion or friend
✓group of people with definite / bounded territory & with the
same culture
✓ product of human interactions(sociologists); the organized
interaction of people
❖without society there is no culture
= formed through social interaction of its member.
= members need to understand their roles and functions to
propagate patterned behavior in a structured society.
❑ human connection and interconnectedness
❑ symbolizing identity of the members
❑ characterizing the boundaries of a territory
❑ representing political independence and economic
interdependence
 ❖POLITICS
Political science deals primarily in the study of government and state
processes.
According to Lazo (2009), the aim of Political Science is citizenship
education. It mandates its students to participate, appreciate, and
understand the duties and responsibilities of being a member of a
society.
❑ understand the theories, concepts and knowledge and principles of
governance as well as public administration and political dynamics.
❑ manifest the underlying principles of state policies and laws to be
abided and respected by all
❑ prepares the student for possible career path in the legal profession,
government service and other profession with high respect to legal
matters and procedures.
Did you know that ?
Everyday we are doing politics .
Politics comes from the Greek word “ politika “ which means
affairs of the cities
❑ refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance over
a human community.
POLITICS as “ TRANSACTION “

Politics -interaction between the civil society and the government

➢relationship of people & the government; the government to the
people / participation of the people in the government /relationship
of people with other people or man's relationship with other people
Why there is government ? ( maintain peace , order ,harmony for
the protection of her citizenry )
 ❖2 important things emphasize in
the politics
✓making decision or common decision for a group of
people
- uniform decision for all members of the group
✓ the use of force - by one person or a group of people
that affect the behavior of another person or a group of
people
•CULTURE - way of living(anthropologists); a shared way of life
❖implies everything ( social norms , law, custom , tradition, belief ,arts, religion,
practices, technology, languages, food, folk arts, jokes, celebration, clothes &
dressing , medical cure )
❖types of culture
✓non-material culture – that are being learned or
observed by human.
❖ ideas, behavior , gesture & habits , language & symbols ,
religion, folk , customs, knowledge, beliefs , traditions
✓material culture – created by human person or is tangible .
❖ food, technological tools , architectural structures , fashion &
accessories , clothing, buildings & properties, arts &
technology
 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
ELEMENTS DEFINITION EXAMPLES IN PHIL. CONTEXT
NORMS
NORMS standard an expected behavior within a society.
❖ Formal Norms
Mores – they are norms that has a Pre-marital sex,
firm control to moral and ethical Homosexual relationships
behavior
Laws – they are ordinance of reason 1987 Constitution, laws
enacted to protect the people from promulgated by the
the bad effects of outdated mores Philippine Government
❖ Informal Mores
Folkways or Customs – they are Doing “Mano Po”
behaviors of less importance yet still Practicing “Bayanihan”
influence our behavior

SYMBOLS anything that carry a meaning recognized by A symbol of cross refers to

people who share a culture. Christianity while crescent
shape is for Islam
 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
ELEMENTS DEFINITION EXAMPLES IN PHIL.
CONTEXTNORMS

VALUES standards by which people assess desirability, Filipino hospitality,

goodness, and beauty and that serve as broad resiliency, close-family ties,
guidelines for social living positive outlook in life and
optimism

BELIEFS specific statements that people hold to be true Superstitious beliefs

LANGUAGE form of communication using words either The crossing of fingers
spoken or gestured with the hands and may refer that someone is
structured with grammar, often with a writing hoping for good luck but
system in Vietnam it represents
the genitals of a female

TABOOS norms that are crucial to a society’s moral Incest, cannibalism

center, involving behaviors that are always
negatively sanctioned
 ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Dynamic, Flexible, & • changes constantly throughout the time
Adaptive • varies on the societal structure and the
capacities of its members to respond.
Shared & Contested • enjoyed by group of people who lived
together
• allows its members to predict the behavior of
other members but it is no assurance that
they will think and act similarly.
Learned through • learned with practice through continued
socialization or enculturation process
• a lifelong process in which social interaction
plays a vital role.
Patterned social interactions • creates patterned behavior and social
interactions that can be transmitted through
socialization and enculturation.
 ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Integrated and at times • must maintain its components integrated (to
unstable be always functioning )
• Languange must have all its idea and ideals
intact for the successful transmission from
one person to another.

Transmitted through Socialization is a process of learning and

socialization/ enculturation internalizing rules and patterns of society
(Sociological Perspective)
Enculturation is a process of learning and
adopting ways and manners of culture.
(Anthropological Perspective)
Requires language and other • will be successfully transmitted if it uses
forms of communication language and other forms of communication
within their context.
 What is Socialization
 Socialization is the process by which we acquire knowledge, language, values, skills and habits
of a society. The process actually begins during a person’s childhood. When a person is born
into the world, he or she needs to learn how to live in the society around him or her
 an individual should generally conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a
group or community. It is why socialization is an important process
 it teaches an individual how to be a member of a group or society
 Socialization is, in fact, the main process of social life.
 encompasses both teaching and learning
 example, an individual acquires social skills, values, knowledge, etc. through family, teachers,
religious leaders, peers, media, etc. The people who impart this knowledge have also acquired
it through similar channels. Thus, socialization is a continuous process in society.
 helps a person to become a self-aware and knowledgeable person and learn the values, norms
and culture of his or her society
 process of socialization is greatly influenced by the society a person lives in and the social
groups he or she interacts with.
 What is Enculturation
 Enculturation is the process of being socialized into a certain culture
 process by which we learn the requirements of our surrounding
culture and acquire the behaviours and values appropriate for this
culture.
 Culture includes customs, traditions, norms, social values, beliefs,
food patterns, clothing styles and many more things.
A person belonging to a particular culture should conform to these
values and behaviours if he wants to be accepted by others.
 If he or she doesn’t conform to these, others belonging to that
culture will consider him or her as a deviant. Thus, enculturation
teaches us our role, position, and behaviour of the particular culture
we live in.