UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,

SOCIETY AND POLITICS

 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

• Discuss the nature, goal and

perspectives in/of anthropology,
sociology and political science
• Analyze the concept, aspects and
changes in/of culture and society
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

• Explain the importance of cultural relativism,

in attaining cultural understanding
• Analyze the significance of cultural, social,
political and economic symbols and practices
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

• Explain the context, content, processes

and consequences of socialization
• Analyze the forms and functions of
social organizations
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

• Explain the forms and functions of state

and non-state institutions
• Examine the functions and importance
of education in the society
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

• Examine the concept, characteristics and forms

of stratification systems using sociological
perspectives
• Explain government programs and initiatives
in addressing social inequalities e.g. local,
national, global
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

• Suggest ways to address social

inequality
• Examine human responses to emerging
challenges in contemporary societies
 CULTURE

By: ROSE ANN MANALO- ESCARO, LPT

 LEARNING COMPETENCY

Discuss the nature, goals and

perspective in/of anthropology,
sociology and political science.
 CULTURE
• Anything made by man, language, customs, values, norms,
mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations
and institutions
• Serves as a foundation of mans continuing interaction with his
surroundings
• Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively
large group of people.
• Culture is communication, communication is culture.
 CULTURE
CULTURE

•Culture in its broadest sense is cultivated behavior; that is the

totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is
socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior through social
learning.
•A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors,
beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without
thinking about them, and that are passed along by
communication and imitation from one generation to the next.
 CULTURE
CULTURE

•Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of behavior

acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the
distinctive achievement of human groups, including their
embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of
traditional ideas and especially their attached values; culture
systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of
action, on the other hand, as conditioning influences upon
further action.
 CULTURE
CULTURE
•Culture is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a group
of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that
people and are transmitted from generation to generation.
•Culture is a collective programming of the mind that
distinguishes the members of one group or category of people
from another
SOCIETY is a group of people interacting with each
other

People that make up a society share a common

culture. They speak the same language, follow the
same traditions, adhere to the same beliefs, use the
same technologies.

The CULTURE shared by the members of the

SOCIETY defines that SOCIETY
Culture creates the identities of individual which are
distinct from one another

Geographical and territorial boundaries contribute to

cultural diversities of human society
CULTURES differ depending on the needs of the
individual.

CULTURE of any society represents an adaptation or

adjustment to the various conditions of life, including their
physical, social, and supernatural environment.

People develop a culture of their own out of their

learnings and experiences from their environmental
exposure.
 SOCIETY

• It is a product of human social processes

intended to meet basic needs for survival

• Organized by rules of conduct, customs,

traditions, folkways and mores and
expectations that ensures appropriate behavior
 SOCIETY

SOCIETY IS AN IMPORTANT
PRODUCT OF HUMAN
INTERACTION AND
INTERCONNECTEDNESS.
 SOCIETY

Studying society provides us an idea

of its importance in creating an equal,
just and humane society.
 SOCIETY

Man’s social behavior is greatly shape

by society where he belongs. To
identify and explain well man’s social
behavior, it is necessary to deal on
wide variety of social dimensions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOCIETY
1. Society is a complex whole.
2. Society is relatively large.
3. Society socializes its members.
4. Society endures, produces and restrains its
members for generation.
5. Society holds its members through a common
culture.
6. Society has a defined geographical territory
 • the activities of the government, members of law-
making organizations, or people who try
 to influence the way a country is governed
• refers to a set of activities associated with the
governance of a country, or an area. It
involves making decisions that apply to members of a
group
Politics talk about collective decision
of individuals based on defined rules
of society. These rules binds people
together in order to preserve culture
and improve human life.
COLLECTIVE INITIAL AUTHORITATIVE
RECONCILIATION
ACTIVITY DIVERSITY OF OF DIFFERENCE POLICY
VIEWS
 POLITICS

• Politics is a collective activity, involving

people who accept a common membership
or at least acknowledge a shared fate
• Politics presumes an initial diversity of
views
 POLITICS

• Politics involves reconciling differences

through discussion and persuasion
• Political decisions became authoritative
policy for a group, binding members to
decisions that are implemented by force if
necessary
 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING
CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
 ADAPTION
AND
INTEGRATION

PATTERN OF
HUMAN ACCEPTABLE
SATISFACTION SOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
SIGNIFICANCE
OF CULTURE

PRODUCTION CONVEYS AND

OF MAN MADE FACILITATES
THINGS MEANING

MARK BANAAG
 • Culture make it possible for man to adapt and integrate
himself to his environment by being creative and resourceful
in coming up with ways and means of survival
• Culture establishes patterns of acceptable social behavior
• Culture conveys and facilitates meanings through verbal and
non verbal communication
• Culture produces man made things
• Culture contributes to overall human satisfaction
SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIETY
• It provides a system of stratification
• It provides basic needs of its members
• It regulates and controls people’s behavior
• It provides the means of social
participation
• It provides mutual support to the members
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING
SOCIETY

• Representation of our identity

• Characterize the totality of a territory
• Avenue for economic interdependence
• Symbol political independence
 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING
POLITICS
• Politics can enhance personal happiness
• Politics can enrich human freedom and
well-being
• Politics affects human lives
• Politics foster moral and intellectual
growth
• Politics foster self-knowledge
 ANTHROPOLOGY,
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND
SOCIOLOGY
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Answers the question..
What does it mean to be
human?
Who are you?
Where do you came from?
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Where did it start?
Anthropology started as the study of
non-European people by European
people (outward).
•Written records about non-Europeans
•Focus on kinship, language, race, religion,
cultural perception and others
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Who started this field?
Franz Boas- Father of Modern American
Anthropology
Historical Particularism
Each society is considered as having a
unique form of culture that cannot be
understood under an overall definition of
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Concept
Anthropology is the study of people and
their culture.
4-field Approach of Anthropology
• Cultural Anthropology
•Archeology
•Biological Anthropology
•Linguistic Anthropology
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Subject of Inquiry
Biological Anthropology n
e v o l u tio
•Refers to the study g h u mof
a n human origins
r s ta nd i n
(genetics, e
Und race, evolutions, fossils,
primates)
Cultural Anthropology ic a l
•is the study of living upeople t b io lo g
(religion,
t r a l n o
s i s c u l
social system, ff e re n c e
language, clothing, food,
m a n d i
u
beliefs,
H etc.)
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Subject of Inquiry
Linguistic Anthropology u r e
g e to c u lt
•Is the study of language, o f lits
a n g u a
evolution, its
c e n t r a l i t y
connection
rst a n d to
t h eother languages and others.
Unde
Archeology
•Refers to the study hof a s h dead
is to r y culture
c u l t u r e
(religion, social Every system, language, food,
beliefs, traditions, etc.)
 ANTHROPOLOGY
Goals
• See the commonalities among people
• Look at what makes PE A C E
A IR N E us
S S, the same to
P EC T, F
RES more about human nature
understand
• Discover what makes people different
and preserve diversity
• Look at one’s own culture more
 ANTHROPOLOGY
• Is the branch of knowledge which deals to the
scientific study of man, his works, his body,
his behavior and values within a specific time
and space. Also, it includes man’s physical,
social and cultural development that describe
and explain the phenomenon of human life.
 ANTHROPOLOGY
• Etymological Definition
“Anthropos” (Greek) = MAN
“Logos” (Greek) = STUDY

• Anthropology gives us information

concerning mans behavior in relation to his
environment
 ANTHROPOLOGY
•Study of mankind
•Science that treats the origin,
development, and especially the
cultural development, customs,
beliefs of man
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
•Systematic study of a state and its
government, with the relationship of
men in the community, with relation of
men and groups to the state itself and
the relations of a state with other
sovereign states abroad
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
•Etymological Definition
“Polis” (Greek) = CITY
“Scire” (Latin) = TO KNOW
•Study of the state and the government
•Political Science is a social science regarding the
practice and theory of politics, the analysis of
political systems and the study of political
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
•Emphasizes the use of power, interest,
influence and diplomacy
•Analyze how people attain political
position, maintain their position, and
the outcomes of their policy
implementation
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Goals
•Make people a better citizens
O R D E R
•Keep social order and
S O I A L
harmony
C
SPE C T,
RE
•Protect the rights of an individual
•Avoid conflict and promote cooperation
 SOCIOLOGY
Answers the question..
How do we study society?
What are the things that you think
influence your life?
What is life to people living in places with
different culture and behavior?
 SOCIOLOGY
Where did it start?
Sociology start as an academic field right
at the height of Industrial Revolution
which mobilized the entire population.
These era brought great changes in the
way people live in a society.
Study of European people of European
 SOCIOLOGY
Who started this field?
Isidore Auguste Comte- French
Philosopher and mathematician. He
coined the term sociology.
Systematic science of studying society and
in dealing with the solution of its basic
problem
 SOCIOLOGY
Concept

Sociology is the patterns of

social interaction, and culture
of everyday life.
 SOCIOLOGY
Subject of Inquiry
Anything in a society that influence
people’s lives- like social phenomena,
issues and problems.
Fields
•Social •Applied
Organization Sociology
•Social •Human Ecology
 SOCIOLOGY
Subject of Inquiry
Social Organization
•Group involvement

Social Psychology
•The study of how individual or group
behavior is influence by the presence and
behavior of others
 SOCIOLOGY
Subject of Inquiry
Applied Sociology
•The application of sociological ideas,
concepts, theories and models to address
every problem or situations
Human Ecology
•The study of interaction between man and
nature in different culture
 SOCIOLOGY
•The scientific study of patterned,
shared human behavior
•Analyzes human interaction.
Social interactions: social arts, social
relationships, social organization,
social structures, social processes
 SOCIOLOGY
Goals
•Obtain possible theories and principles about
society as well as various aspects E P TAof
N social
C E ,
C T, A C C
life. N , R ES PE L E S
R A C T I O A N D R O
•Study T E
IN the nature A TI of
O NS humanity to further
OBL I G
examine roles within a society
•Appreciate that all things in society are
interdependent
 SOCIOLOGY
Clarifications…
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes- coined the term
sociology in 1980 in an unpublished
manuscript.
Isidore Auguste Comte- reinvented the
term sociology in 1838
The study of sociology broadens the
experience of individual as they learn to
discard prejudices and become more
understanding of the customs of other
people and realize that truth is relative and
“good” or “bad” behavior depends upon
the norms of conduct of a society in
which behavior takes place
ANTHROPOLOG SOCIOLOGY
CULTURE
Y SOCIETY

MAN

POLITICAL
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
INSTITUTION
 REFERENCES
• Books
Ederlinda D. Balena, Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta, Understanding
Culture, Society and Politics, 2016, Page 3-14
Mariano M. Ariola, Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, 2016 Page 29-41
Department of Education- Region IV-A CALABARZON, Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics Module

• Electronic Source
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics