ASPECTS OF CULTURE

DYNAMIC, FLEXIBLE,
AND ADAPTIVE
• Culture constantly changes,
evolves, and adapts to the
changes in a society.
DYNAMIC
• Culture changes due to the
exchange of ideas, growth, and
development, change happens.
 FLEXIBLE
• The ability to love and work with
others and move across different
cultural and social borders.
 ADAPTIVE
• Culture has been a mechanism by
which people were able to survive.
 ADAPTIVE
• Accepting change and giving it a
chance to be part of our lives is a
positive indicator of one’s willingness
to submit to the transformation and
evolution of life.
Factors of Cultural Change
1. Technological Innovation
2. Political Innovation or Political
Institutions
3. Contact among societies
4. Population growth
Three Modes of Cultural Change
1. Value Conversion
• Existing cultural values are
replaced with new ones.

Ex. Role of Women

Three Modes of Cultural Change
2. Value Creation
• New cultural values and beliefs
are developed to apply to new
situations in society.

Ex. Environmentalism
Three Modes of Cultural Change
3. Value Connection
• New connections are developed
between cultural elements that
used to be unconnected or
connected in a different way.
Nothing is permanent except
change.
-Heraclitus
 SHARED AND CONTESTED

• Interaction leads to
the sharing of
beliefs, customs,
ideals, and practices.
SHARED AND CONTESTED
• Not all practices are
accepted with open arms.
SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION
• Distinction between social
groups based on biological,
physiological, and
sociocultural factors.
SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION

• Roles and status within a

society are made because of
social differentiation.
 SUBCULTURE
• Response to the difference
between the existing values
of a culture and the
emerging values of a new
group within that society.
 COUNTERCULTURE
• Subcultures which are in
direct opposition to the
larger culture.
LEARNED THROUGH
SOCIALIZATION
AND
ENCULTURATION
 ENCULTURATION
• process by which people learn
requirements of their surrounding
culture and acquire values and
behaviors appropiate or necessary
in that culture.
 ENCULTURATION
• Enculturation happens by learning
what is taught to us and by learning
from experiences and situations
that happen to us and people
around us.
 SOCIALIZATION

• refers to a lifelong social

experience by which people
develop their human potential
and learn culture.
 SOCIALIZATION

• a process through which people

are taught how to function
within a society.
PATTERNED SOCIAL
INTERACTIONS
 COOPERATION
• working together without one
trying to outsmart the other.
 COOPERATION
• It is necessary in all aspects.
Example: Sports, Reproduction,
and Laws.
 EXCHANGE
• one of the most
common basic and
common interaction.
• reciprocation
 EXCHANGE
• Guided by “profit
motive” wherein we
seek to “maximize
rewards and minimize
costs.”
 COMPETITION
• instances wherein an
individual need to prove
his capabilities through
manifestations of better
skills and knowledge.
 COMPETITION
• It can lead to lack of
cooperation, inequality,
and conflict.
 ACCOMODATION
• state of balance between
cooperation and conflict.
 INTEGRATED & UNSTABLE

• Integration: when people from one

culture embrace the principles of
another culture while upholding
their own culture.
 INTEGRATED & UNSTABLE

• Culture are coherent system.

• Its system of integration also

highlights its instability.
 INTEGRATED & UNSTABLE

• Example: Introduction of
Technology.
 TRANSMITTED

• Culture is learned and transmitted

through socialization and
enculturation.
 TRANSMITTED
• Learning styles are significantly
inspired and shaped by how a
culture socialize with its children
and youth.
 REQUIRES LANGUAGE
AND COMMUNICATION
• it is impossible for any culture to
survive without any forms of
communication.
 REQUIRES LANGUAGE
AND COMMUNICATION
• Spoken language – produce sounds
that symbolize or give names and
meanings to objects.
 REQUIRES LANGUAGE
AND COMMUNICATION
Written Language – allows culture to
be recorded and shared across
people.