THE CULTURE AND SOCIETY FROM THE

PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY & ANTHROPOLOGY

 FOUNDATIONS OF SOCETY

SOCIETY

• Collection of interacting
individuals sharing the
same life and living in
the same territory.
 STATUS

• Often means
‘prestige’ but to
sociologists it is a
‘position’ in the
society.
 TWO TYPES OF
STATUS

• Ascribed Status
• Achieved Status
 ASCRIBE STATUS

• It pertains to age,
gender and race

WHERE DO YOU BELONG?

 ACHIEVED
STATUS
• These are statuses
resulted from what we
do or attained through
our own actions

WHAT DO I HAVE RIGHT NOW?

 ROLES

• Something dynamic
that is shaped by
specific situation
and persons.

WHAT IS MY FUNCTION IN THE SOCIETY?

 HOW CAN WE
UNDERSTAND
MAN?
CULTURE

• Consist of all shared

products of human
groups which maybe
tangible or intangible in
nature.
What does it try to Bring?

FOUNDATION OF THE SOCIETY

• The methods by which people deal with
their environment whether small or big,
provides explanation to the foundation of
their culture.
 WHAT IS IT
CONNECTED
TO EACH
SOCIETY OTHER?

• A group of mutually
interdependent people
who are organized to
share common culture
and feeling of unity.
 WHAT DOES
TRY TO
CULTURE & ASSERT?
SOCIETY ARE ONE

• Society consist of
people, and culture
consist of products
that people create
 TYPES OF CULTURE
• Material Culture
• Non-Material Culture
 MATERIAL
CULTURE

• Physical objects made

by man or Tangible
and are identified as
artifacts
 NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
• These are abstract
human creations or
intangible and are
identified as symbolic
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF CULTURE

CULTURE IS LEARNED & SHARED

• People choose from among the same
broad set of material and non-material
elements of culture in dealing with and
making sense of their environment
 DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF CULTURE

SYMBOLS Attached meanings we use to

communicate
LANGUAGE Organization of written and spoken
symbols into a standardized system
VALUES Standards by which people define
what is good or bad
 DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF CULTURE
NORMS Shared rules of conduct that tell people
how to act in a specific situation
FOLKWAYS Common customs of everyday life

MORES Norms that are strictly enforced

because they are essential to core
values or well being of the group
 SYMBOLS

• The very basis of

human culture and it
has a shared meaning
attached to it.
 LANGUAGE

• Words, when
organized can be used
to express or share
any common idea.
 VALUES

• It help us determine
the character of its
people and kinds of
material and non-
material they create.
 CLOTHES TO WEAR

NORMS

• Standard attitude that

are widely acceptable
by the people
 FOLKWAYS

• Informal rules that are

not offensive to violate
but are expected to
follow.
 MORES

• Latin word for ‘moral’ and

the violation of this
endangers the well-being
and stability of society.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
CULTURE IS LEARNED

CULTURE IS DYNAMIC

CULTURE IS INTEGRATED

CULTURE IS SHARED
CULTURE IS BASED ON SYMBOLS
 IT IS LEARNED
• We learn culture from people,
institution and media in which much of
it are learned unconsciously.
Enculturation - The adaptation of a non-
Foreigner to a foreign culture through
gradual acquisition of its characteristics.
 IT IS DYNAMIC
• All culture changes or else there will
be problems dealing with adaptation
to environment.
• One group assumes the beliefs and
practices without compromising the
characteristics of its own culture.
 IT IS INTEGRATED
• All aspects of culture are related
and to understand it one another so
one must learn all of its parts
• One cannot understand a thing
without a reference about the whole
for there is an interconnection
 IT IS SHARED
• We share culture with other members
of the community as we can act
socially appropriate ways and predict
how other will act.
 IT IS BASED ON SYMBOLS

• It serve as a stand that provide meaning

for everything and it becomes useful as
people agree to their usage.
 STANDPOINT OF COMPLEXITY

• Difficulty to formulate the overall behavior is a

problem so it is divided into the following:
• Traits
• Complexes
• Patterns
• Clash
• Universals
 CULTURAL TRAIT

• It is an individual tool, act or belief

that is related to a particular
situation or need.
 CULTURAL COMPLEXES

• A cluster of interrelated traits or a

number of cultural complexes into
an interrelated whole.
 CULTURAL PATTERNS

• Are combined to form large units,

these are used to help us determine
the identity
 CULTURAL UNIVERSAL
• An element, pattern, institution, or
trait that is common to all human
being or products of the same
evolutionary process .
DEATH
HUNGER
CULTURAL CLASH

• A conflict that arise

due to different
beliefs on cultural
values
GREEK SIGN LANGUAGE
 ETHNOCENTRICISM
• An attitude or a belief that one’s own
culture is superior to those other
people
WHAT
COULD
BE ITS
RESULT?
 ETHNOCENTRICISM
• It is advantageous as it serves as an
adhesive to hold the society together.
• It may be disadvantageous because
it may be used as a means to justify
the colonization of a country.
SINOCENTRISM
 CULTURAL RELATIVISM
• The belief that a culture must be
studied or understood in their own
terms because it emphasize the
point of their systems.
 • The preference to other culture. The
basis of this concept is the belief
that foreign products are better than
local.

XENOCENTRISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

 XENOPHOBIA
• This is fear of something that is
foreign, The basis for this concept
is the cause of cultural
preservation.
 CULTURE CHANGE ANALYSIS
• Identify practices that are currently being
observed and not anymore observed. Give
your analysis by pointing out the factors why
it is still observed or not anymore observe.
Please provide a table by identifying both
Practices Still Observe and Practices Not
Anymore Observed
END OF THE DISCUSSION