BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Most
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM)
GENERAL PHYSICS 1

Essential
Learning
Competencies
NORMAN RUELO MARQUEZ, MAEd
Most
Essential
Learning
Competencies
 A. Solve measurements problems involving
conversion of units, expressions of measurements
in scientific notation

B. Differentiate accuracy from precision

C. Differentiate random errors from systematic

errors

D. Estimate errors from multiple measurements of

physical quantity using variance

E. Differentiate vector and scalar quantities

F. Perform addition of vectors

G. Rewrite a vector in component form

 Units of
Measurement
Physical Quantity
System of Measurement
Fundamental Quantities
Conversion of Units
Dimensional Analysis
Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation
Errors and Uncertainty
Essential Question:
What is physics?
❑ is simply the study of everyday
phenomena
❑ the STUDY of MATTER and
ENERGY and their RELATIONSHIP
 NAME SUBJECTS EXAMPLES
MECHANICS Motion and its causes Falling objects, friction, weight, spinning objects

THERMODYNAMICS Heat and Temperature Melting and freezing processes, engines,

refrigerators
VIBRATIONS and Specific types of repetitive Springs, pendulum, sound
motions
WAVE phenomena
OPTICS Light Mirrors, lenses, color, astronomy

ELECTROMAGNETISM Electricity, magnetism, and light
RELATIVITY Particles moving at any speed,
including very high speeds
QUANTUM NUMBERS Behavior of submicroscopic
particles
Electrical charge, circuitry, permanent magnets,
electromagnets
Particles collisions, particle accelerators, nuclear
energy
The atom and its parts
Let’ s
BEGIN…..
•A physical quantity is a property of a
material or system that can be
quantified by measurement.
• It can be expressed as the combination
of a numerical value and a unit.
•FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES
•The physical quantities which do not depend
on any other physical quantities for their
measurements are known as fundamental
quantities.
•Examples: Mass, Length, Time and
Temperature
•DERIVED QUANTITIES
•The physical quantities which depend on one
or more fundamental quantities for their
measurements are known as derived
quantities.
•Examples: Area, Volume, Speed and Force
•The standard used for the measurement of
a physical quantity is called a unit.
Examples:
1.metre, foot, inch --- for length
2.kilogram, pound --- for mass
3.second, minute, hour --- for time
4.Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Celsius --- for temperature
•Characteristics of Units
Examples:
1.Well – defined 4. Invariable
2.Suitable size 5. Indestructible
3.Reproducible 6. Internationally
Acceptable
CGS (centimeter, gram and seconds);
MKS (meter, kilogram and seconds)
FPS (foot, pound and seconds)
•This system was first introduced in France.
•It is also known as Gaussian system of
units.
•It is based on centimeter, gram and second
as the fundamental units of length, mass
and time.
•This system was also introduced in France.
•It is also known as French system of units.
•It is based on meter, kilogram and second
as the fundamental units of length, mass
and time.
•This system was introduced in Britain.
•It is also known as British system of units.
•It is based on foot, pound and second as
the fundamental units of length, mass
and time.
•In 1971, General Conference on Weight and
Measures held its meeting and decided a system
of units for international usage.
•This system is called international system of units
and abbreviated as SI from its French name.
•The SI unit consists of seven fundamental units
and two supplementary units.
FUNDAMENTALQUANTITY UNIT SYMBOL
Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Temperature kelvin K
Electric current ampere A
Luminous intensity candela cd
Amount of substance mole mol
NAME SYMBOL FACTOR NAME SYMBOL FACTOR
Tera- T 1012 Deci- D 10-1
Giga- G 109 Centi- C 10-2
Mega- M 106 Milli- M 10-3
Kilo- K 103 Micro- µ 10-6
Hecto- H 102 Nano- n 10-9
Deka- da 101 Pico- p 10-12
the conversion between different units of
measurement for the same quantity,
typically through multiplicative
conversion factors.
•a multi-step process that converts
units of measurement for the same
quantity.
•includes division or multiplication by a
numerical factor or rounding off the
significant digits
•MASS/WEIGHT
1.1 kg = 1000 g
2. 1 kg = 2.2046 lbs
•LENGTH/DISTANCE
1.1 km = 1000 m
2. 1 m = 3.281 ft
 •VOLUME
1.1 L = 1000 mL
2. 1 L = 1.0567 quarts
•AREA
1.1 sq. inch = 6.4516 sq. centimeters
2. 1 sq. foot = 0.0929 sq. meters
 DISTANCE MASSS/WEIGHT VOLUME/CAPACIT
1 ft = 12 in 1 kg =1000 g Y
3 ft = 1 yd 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 L = 1000 mL
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 lb = 16 0z 1 mL = 1 cm3
1 km = 1000 m 1 ton = 2000 lbs 1 m3 = 1000 L
1 m = 100 cm 1 metric ton = 1 gal = 3.785 L
1 mi = 1.609 km 1000 kg 1 gal = 4 qts
1 mi = 5280 ft = 2204 lbs 1 qt = 2 pints
 TIME METRIC SYSTEM
1 hr = 60 min T – 1012
1 min = 60 s G – 109 1 km = 1 x 103 m
1 day = 24 hrs M – 106 1 GW = 1 x 109 W
365 days = 1 year
K – 103 1 MJ = 1 x 106 J
30 days = 1 month
H – 102
1 century = 100 yrs 1 cm = 1 x 10-2 m
da – 101
1 Millenium = 1000 1 ns = 1 x 10-9 s
yrs d – 10-1
1 leap yr = 366 days c – 10-2
1 year = 365.25 days m – 10-3
This method of converting units is used in
science and engineering. This method is
an effective way converting units using
the established conversions.
•3.75 into cm 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎
𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝒊𝒏 𝒙
•Conversion factor 𝟏 𝒊𝒏
1 inch = 2.54 cm
= 𝟑. 𝟕𝟓 𝒊𝒏 𝒙 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎

= 𝟗.𝟓𝟐𝟓𝒄𝒎
•60 km/hr to m/sec 𝟔𝟎 𝒌𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎 𝟏 𝒉𝒓
𝒙 𝒙
•Conversion factors 𝟏 𝒉𝒓 𝟏 𝒌𝒎 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔
1000 m = 1 km 𝟔𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒎/𝒔
3600 s = 1 hr 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
= 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎/𝒔
•A book weighs 7 pounds
and 12 ounces. What is
the mass of the book in
kilograms?
1 box can hold 28 cupcakes and 5
cups of flour are required to make
3 cupcakes. How many cups of
flour are required to make enough
cupcakes to fill 12 boxes?
38.6 mm to m
5ft 7 in into cm
They are any non-zero digits or
trapped zeros. They do not
include leading or trailing zeros.
•The total number of digits (reliable digits + last
uncertain digits) which are directly obtained
from a particular measurement.
•EXAMPLES
1. 12.76 s (4 sf)
2. 1.8 cm (2 sf)
✓All non – zero digits are significant.
Examples:
16 → 2 sf
35.6 → 3 sf
6438 → 4 sf
✓Zeroes between non-zero digits are
significant.
Examples:
205 → 3 sf
3008 → 4 sf
60.005 → 5 sf
✓Terminal Zeroes in a number without decimal
are not significant unless specified by a least
count.
Examples:
400 → 1 sf
3050 → 3 sf
19,000 → 2 sf
✓Terminal Zeroes that are also to the right of
a decimal point in a number are significant.
Examples:
64.00 → 4 sf
3.60 → 3 sf
25.060 → 5 sf
✓If the number is less than 1, all zeroes before
the first non-zero digit are not significant.
Examples:
0.0064 → 2 sf
0.0850 → 3 sf
0.002050 → 4 sf
✓During the conversion of units use powers of 10
to avoid confusion
Examples:
2.700 m → 4 sf
2.700 x 102 m → 4 sf
2.700 x 105 m → 4 sf
expressed as a number between 1 and 10
multiplied by a power of 10 allows one to
write only the significant figures
multiplied to 10 with the appropriate
power
✓Express the following in scientific notation.
The speed of light is approximately
300 000 000 m/s
✓Solution:
300 000 000 m/s = 3 x 10^8 / 3 x 108 m/s
✓Express the following in scientific notation.
The mass of a strand of hair is approximately
0.000 000 62 kg
✓Solution:
0.000 000 62 kg = 6.2 x 10^(−7)/6.2 x 10-7 kg
✓In performing mathematical operations, the
rules to be followed can be deduced from
the given examples.
1. To add or subtract numbers in scientific notation,
the second factor must be the same power of 10.
Following, the distributive property the operation is
performed only on the first factors.
✓EXAMPLE:
7x 10 4 +2x 10 4
6
5 x 10 – 3 x 106

4
12 x 10 – 3 x 10 5

5
3.6 x 10 + 2.7 x 104
✓TRY THIS!
4.5 x107 – 9.3 x105

7
4.2 x 10 + 8 x 10 5
2. In multiplication and division, the
operation is performed on the first
factors to obtain the first factor of the
product and quotient, respectively. The
second factors of the given numbers,
applying the laws of exponents.
Precision and Accuracy of
Measurements; Uncertainty
✓signifies a deviation of the result from some
“true” value
✓difference between two measurements is
called the discrepancy between the results
✓discrepancy arises due to the fact that we
can only determine the results to a certain
✓BLUNDERS
▪If you spot inconsistencies in data points, then
a “blunder” may have occurred. The following
examples can be considered blunders:
1.Typographical errors in the data.
2. Using wrong data in the analysis.
3. Using wrong equations for the analysis
✓RANDOM ERRORS
▪These errors do not occur in a definite pattern
and can’t be controlled. Possible examples
include:
1. Electronic fluctuations in the measuring equipment
due to power surges or defective battery.
2. Cosmic ray damage on detectors
✓SYSTEMATIC ERRORS
▪Systematic errors generally lead to results that are
consistently “off” in some manner.
1. Faulty calibration of equipment.
2. Bias from observer or experimenter.
3. A defective technique used by the experimenter.
4. A defect in the design of the experiment.
5. A defective measuring tool.
6. Somebody pulled the plug, or the battery goes dead.
quantitative measurement of variability in the
data refers to the idea that all data have a
range of expected values as opposed to a
precise point value
✓It is how close an experiment comes to the “true”
value. It is a measure of the correctness of the result.
For an experimenter, it is a measure of how skilled
the experimenter is.
EXAMPLE:
True Value = 25.67 kg
Student A = 25.61 kg Student B = 25.65 kg
“measurement of Student B is more accurate”
✓An experiment is a measure of how exactly the
result is determined without reference to what the
results means. It is a measure of the precision of the
instruments being used in the experiment.
EXAMPLE:
Student A = 6.9 s
Student B = 6.97 s Student C = 6.976 kg
“measurement of Student C is most precise”