 GREEK

ALPHABET
• A writing system that was developed in
Greece about 1000 BCE.
• Used in physics, mathematics, chemistry,
and other areas as symbol.
• Consist of 24 letters.
 GREEK LETTERS
4.4 MEASUREMENT
STANDARD
MEASUREMENT
• A measurement is always reported as a value, a
quantitative description that includes both a number
and a unit.

UNITS
• Units are quantities defined by standards that
people have agreed to use to compare one event
or object to another.
A measurement always has two parts:
• A value
• A unit of measure

Example:
• 20 meters (m)
• 167 cm
• 1 grams (g)
MEASUREMENT STANDARDS

METRIC SYSTEM

SI UNITS (MODERN NAME FOR METRIC)

ENGLISH SYSTEM

APOTHECARY SYSTEM

HOUSEHOLD SYSTEM
 METRIC SYSTEM
• The first standardized system of measurement based on decimal.
• a consistent, systematic, and carefully defined set of standards.
• A system of measurement that uses the meter, liter, and gram as base
units of length (distance), capacity (volume), and weight (mass).
SI UNIT OF
MEASUREMENT

• The international system of measurements (SI).

• A modern elaboration of the original metric system.
• A very organized, precise, and practical system of
measurement.
SEVEN BASE UNIT OF SI SYSTEM OF
MEASUREMENT
TYPE OF MEASUREMENT BASE UNIT ABBREVIATION

Length meter m

Mass kilogram kg

Time second s

temperature kelvin K

amount of substance mole mol

electric current ampere A

luminous intensity candela cd

SI DERIVE UNITS
• Units that are derived from the base or fundamental
units.
• Obtain by combining base units using mathematical
operations.
• Used to measure smaller or larger quantities from the
base units.
 SI DERIVE UNITS
Quantity Name Symbol Base unit
Area Square meter A m²
Volume Cubic meter V m³
Density Kilogram per cubic meter p kg/m³
Speed Meters per second v m/s
Acceleration Meters per second squared a m/s²
Pressure Pascal Pa Kg/ m sˉ²
Force Newton N kg m /sˉ²
Energy Joule J kg m² sˉ²
Frequency Hertz Hz sˉ¹
Power watt W kg m² sˉ³
Charge coulomb C As
 PREFIXES
 ENGLISH SYSTEM
• The English measurement system uses particular
units to describe length, liquid, and weight.
 ENGLISH SYSTEM UNITS

unit abbreviation
Length Inch In
Foot ft
Yard yd
Mile mi
Weight ounce oz
pound lb
Capacity Teaspoon tsp or t
Cup c
Quart qt
gallon gal
Length measurement
English System

1 foot(ft) = 12 inches (in)

1 yard (yd) = 3 feet
1mile (mi) = 1760 yards
1 mile = 5280 feet
1 mile = 320 rods
Weight Measurement
English System

1 pound (lb) = 16 ounce (oz)

1 ton = 2000 pounds
Capacity measurement
English System

1 cup = 8 fluid ounce (fl oz)

1 pint (pt) = 2 cup
1 quart (qt) = 2pints
1 gallon (gal) =4 quarts
APOTHECARY SYSTEM
• This system originated as the system of weights and
measures for dispensing and prescribing medications for
apothecaries, the historical pharmacist, and alchemist.
APOTHECARY SYSTEM UNITS
UNIT ABBREVIATION
Weight pound lb
ounce oz
dram dr
grain gr
Volume gallon gal
quart qt
pint pt
Fluid ounce fl oz
Fluid dram fl dr
minim M
 APOTHECARY MEASURES OF
VOLUME AND WEIGHT

• Volume

6inims(m) = 1fluid dram (fl dr) or ( fl ʒ)

8 fluid drams = 1 fluid ounce (fl oz)
16 fluid ounces = 1 pint (pt)
2 pints = 1 quart (qt)
4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal)
 APOTHECARY MEASURES OF
VOLUME AND WEIGHT

• Weight

20 grains (gr) = 1 scruples (э)

3 scruples = 1dram(ʒ)
8 drams = 1 ounce
12 ounces = 1 pound
 HOUSEHOLD
SYSTEM
• A system of measurement that most of us use at
home, usually in the kitchen.
• Used in prescribing medication when sending
patients at home.
 HOUSEHOLD SYSTEM
UNITS UNIT ABBREVIATION

cup c

tablespoon tbsp or T

teaspoon tsp or t

drop gtt
 HOUSEHOLD
MEASURES