QUESTIONS

1. What general technique can we use to find the decimal value of a number represented
in another number system?  
The general technique that can be used to find the actual decimal value that is
represented in another number system is using the formula summation of DxB^P where the
D represents the digits of the number, B as the base of the number to be converted to
decimal and P is the position of the digit counted from the lower side band or the least
significant bit starting at zero. If the given number has any decimal places, the left side of
the decimal point will still have the position starting from 0 and so on while the numbers on
the right side of the decimal point will have the position starting from -1.

2. If you convert the hexadecimal number A4C0116 to octal and decimal, which
representation will require less digits? Explain your answer.
If the hexadecimal number A4C01 is converted to octal, the result will be 2446001
which has 7 digits while converting it to decimal will result to 674,810 which has 6 digits so
the representation that requires less digits is the decimal number system. Converting the
given hexadecimal number first to binary before converting it to octal will have 20 digits
composed of 0’s and 1’s, when it is grouped by 3, the corresponding value is acquired which
results to 7 digits.
3. What is the special relationship between binary, octal, and hexadecimal?
The special relationship between the three number systems is that the conversion
between octal and hexadecimal or vice-versa requires converting it first to binary. The
conversion of binary to octal requires the grouping of bits by 3 and converting it to its
equivalent value while the process of converting from binary to hexadecimal has the same
principle as the conversion from binary to octal but in this case it requires the grouping of
bits by 4.

4. Why do we need to know how to convert from one number system to another?
The conversions from one number system to another is required in order to
represent large quantities or numerous digits to smaller or more simplified terms. It also
applies to various electronic or digital circuits applications in which a number system may
not be practical to be used and another number system is more efficient so knowing how to
convert from one system to another is very useful.
VI. Observation

The first experiment is the Number System. Each group was given handouts where the
correct formats must be followed and tables with lacking data must be filled at the end of the
test.

For better understanding, the Number system is defined as an approach to represent

number system. The most common is the base -10 system, termed also a decimal. Base-16 as
hexadecimal, base-8 as octal and base-2 as binary are the other number system commonly
used. To comprehend much further, below are the quick information about each common
number system included in the research.

For the base-10 or decimal, notice that in 1,568 (sample number is taken from the table)
there is a group of a thousand 1000 = 10*10*10 or 10^3, this is not a coincidence. Also, there
are five groups of a hundred, not again by chance, 100 = 10*10 that can be also written as 10^2.
There are 6 groups of ten 10= 10^1 and lastly, there are 8 groups of 1, 1 = 10^0. This is the
fundamental definition of base-10. To obtain values of other number given, the group basically
followed the pattern. As for base-8 known otherwise as octal, the system is based on the
number eight as what it sounds. In octal, the digits are narrowed to eight: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
and thing such as 8 or higher number. The same way as the normal counting but with the
exception of eight digits. After getting to 7, there is no way of representing other higher
number. So, add another an extra digit, and change 7 back to zero. The resulting answer of 10
in base-8 now stands as on would typically contemplate of as 8 in base 10. On the base-16,
frequently known as hexadecimal. Dealing with base-16, use 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, since six
more digits are needed, by using alphabet as 10 = A, 11 = B, 12 = C and so on until 15 = F. other
than this, hexadecimal is like any other base. On to the well recognize base-2, binary is
composed of 0s and 1s. Conveniently, there is a trick to alter between binary and hexadecimal.
Take for example 1011101, dividing into groups of 4 making it 0101 1101. Now, find the value
for each group treating as separate number, with 5 and 13 as results. As a final point, solely use
the corresponding hexadecimal digits to come up with a base-16 number and same goes with
the octal but with the difference that instead of the grouping of four, group the digits into three
rather. Of course, on can reverse the process to go from any number system to binary.

To be aware of different number systems is particularly functional in many computer-

related fields since most of the time one is acquainted with the scheme given that when typing
letter or words, the computer decodes them in numbers as it only apprehends numbers.
Conclusion:

This experiment involves the four most common number systems used in modern
computers namely, the Binary, Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal Number Systems. The Binary
system has a base or radix of 2 represented by 0 and 1. The Decimal system has a base of 10
and is ranging from 0-9. For Octal system, its base is 8 and spans from 0-7. Lastly, the
Hexadecimal system has a radix of 16 and is represented by 0-9 and A-F. The conversion
between the four number systems is required for the application of mainly modern digital
circuits because a single number system might not be efficient than the other.

The Binary number system which has two states, 0 and 1, naturally represents the
fundamental information element of digital circuits but the values or digits in binary becomes
impractical due to its length, so the use of either the Octal number system or the Hexadecimal
number system is more useful. The Octal number system can be up to 1/3 the length of the
binary number system because its base 8 is a whole power of two which means three binary
digits are converted neatly into one Octal number. While the Hexadecimal number system can
be up to ¼ the length of the binary number because its base 16 is also a power of two which
means four binary digits are converted neatly into one Hexadecimal digit. Unfortunately, the
base of the decimal system which is 10 is not a whole power of 2 so it is not possible for binary
digits to be converted into a raw state of a digital circuit to a format of decimal value most
commonly used by humans.

The number system aside from the Decimal number system which is the most
commonly used by humans might seem to be unnecessary but in reality, the use of number
systems is needed so that people can be best transfer information from the human world to the
digital circuitry world. The basic knowledge of converting from one number system to another
is therefore required especially for engineers working with digital circuits. The appropriate
number system can actually make things less complicated if used properly.