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Home » Strength of Materials » Simple Stresses » Thin-walled Pressure Vessels

Solution to Problem 133 Pressure Vessel

Problem 133
A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is
subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m2. (a) Calculate the tangential and
longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased

2
if the stress in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2? (c) If the internal pressure were
increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that would occur.
 

Solution 133

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Part (a)
Tangential stress (longitudinal section):
 

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F = 2T
pDL = 2(σt tL)
pD 4.5(400)
σt = =
2t 2(20)
σt = 45 MPa           answer
 
Longitudinal Stress (transverse section):
 
  
F=P
1
4
π D2 p = σl (πDt)
pD 4.5(400)
σl = =
4t 4(20)
σl = 22.5 MPa           answer
 
Part (b)
pD pD
From (a), σt = and σl = thus, σt = 2σl , this shows that tangential
2t 4t
stress is the critical.
pD
σt =
2t
p(400)
120 =
2(20)
p = 12 MPa           answer
 
The bursting force will cause a stress in the longitudinal section that is twice to
that of the transverse section. Thus, fracture is expected as shown.
 
:
  
Tags: steel tangential stress pressure tank longitudinal stress cylindrical tank

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