Complex Object

I made him do He was made to do

I let him do He was allowed to do
I heard him do He was heard to do
I saw him do the test. He was seen to do the test.
I saw him doing the test. He was seen doing the test.

Complex Subject

He is said to write a book. The book is said to be written.

He is said to be writing a book. The book is said to have been written.
He is said to have written a book.
He is said to have been writing a book.

He is in France. He is reported to be in France. They say he is clever.

He will pass the exam. He is expected to pass the exam. It is said that he is clever.
He is lying. He is thought to be lying. He is said to be clever.
She has been ill. She is said to have been ill.
He did the task. He is said to have done the task.
He was taking drugs. He is believed to have been taking drugs.

Infinitive
He must cook dinner. The dinner must be cooked.
He must be cooking dinner. The dinner must have been cooked.
He must have cooked dinner.
He must have been cooking dinner.
Gerund
I like giving presents. He regretted having invited them.
I like being given presents. He regretted having been invited.
Participle 1
(When) going home I met an old friend of mine.
The test being written now is our final paper work.
Having lost the key, the boy couldn′t get into the house.
Having been lost in the forest, the cat could find the way back home.

I prefer tea to coffee. I’d rather do… (now)

I prefer reading books to watching TV. I’d rather have done… (yesterday)
I prefer to read books rather than watch TV. I’d rather you did… (now)
I’d prefer to read books rather than watch TV. I’d rather you had done… (yesterday)

I’d rather stay at home than go to the cinema.

Participle
would like to do had better do
would love to do would rather do A boring housewife
would prefer to do would sooner do A bored housewife
would hate to do would mind doing
Writing the dictation, he made only one mistake.
Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to make out.
Having written some letters, he went to post them.
After writing some letters, he went to post them.
After being written, the letters were posted.
Having been written long ago, the manuscript was illegible.
All books taken from the library must be returned next week.
The woman waving to me is my aunt.
Mother permitting, we shall go to the cinema.

When the working day was over, she went home.

The working day being over, she went home.

There was very little time left, we had to hurry.

There being very little time, we had to hurry.

After everything had been ready, she decided to rest.

Everything being ready, she decided to rest.

When we arrived at the station, we went to the office.

Arriving at the station we went to the office.
On arriving at the station we went to the office.

As our work was finished, we went home.

Our work being finished, we went home.
Having finished our work, we went home.
After finishing our work, we went home.

After he had collected all material, he was able to write a report.

Having collected all material, he was able to write a report.
After collecting all material, he was able to write a report.

As he had lived in Kyiv for many years, he knew the city.

Having lived in Kyiv for many years, he knew the city.

As he earned much money, he usually stayed in Hilton.

Earning much money he usually stayed in Hilton.

She looked at me as if she wanted to say something important

She looked at me as if wanting to say something important.

The test, which is being written now, is our final paper work.
The test being written now is our final paper work.

After the cat had been lost in the forest, it could find the way back home.
Having been lost in the forest, the cat could find the way back home