Al-Musthafa Open University

Final Test Even Semester

Academic Year 2021/2022

Subject : English II (EFORIS) Name : __________________________________________

Faculty/Major : _________________________________ Semester : __________________________________________
Lecturer : Istikomah, M.Hum. Date : __________________________________________

PART 1: TEXT DEFINITION

Define or describe one out of the six issues below according to the texts studied during this semester. Try
to use your own words (2-5 sentences) picking up some relevant words/phrases from the text. (15 points)

1. The five pillars of Islam

2. The meaning of Holy Quran
3. The benefits of fasting
4. The history of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?
5. Pursuit of knowledge according to Islam
6. Human rights in Islam

Part 2: UNDERSTANDING PASSAGE

Read the text below, then answer the questions (40 points)

It is interesting to note that Islam so strongly emphasizes mankind to study and explore
the universe. The Holy Qur'an states:
ُّ ‫اق َوفِي َأ ْنفُ ِس ِه ْم َحتَّ ٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ ْم َأنَّهُ ْال َح‬
‫ق‬ ِ َ‫ٌ ۗ َسنُ ِري ِه ْم آيَاتِنَا فِي اآْل ف‬
"We (Allah) will show you (mankind) Our signs/patterns in the horizons/universe and in
yourselves until you are convinced that the revelation is the truth." [Qur'an, Fussilat: 53]

This invitation to explore and search made Muslims interested in various sciences. The followings
are some of Muslim contributions in the world of science.
Muslims have always had a special interest in astronomy. The moon and the sun are of very
important in the daily life of every Muslim. By the moon, Muslims decide the beginning and the
end of the months in their lunar calender. By the sun, Muslims calculate the times for prayer and
fasting. It is also by means of astronomy that Muslims can determine the precise direction of the
Ka’bah in Makkah, during prayer. The most precise solar calendar was designed under the
supervision of Umar Khayyam. The Quran contains many references to astronomy, among others:
ٍ َ‫س َو ْالقَ َم َر ۖ ُك ٌّل فِي فَل‬
َ‫ك يَ ْسبَحُون‬ َ َ‫ق اللَّ ْي َل َوالنَّه‬
َ ‫ار َوال َّش ْم‬ َ َ‫َوه َُو الَّ ِذي خَ ل‬
"And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly
bodies] in an orbit are swimming." [Noble Quran 21:33]
Muslim scholars paid great attention to geography. In fact, the Muslims' great concern for
geography originated with their religion. The Quran encourages people to travel throughout the
earth to see God's signs and patterns everywhere. Islam also requires each Muslim to have at least
enough knowledge of geography to know the direction of the Ka'bah in Makkah in order to pray
five times a day. Muslims were also used to taking long journeys to conduct trade as well as to
make the Hajj and spread their religion.
Among the most famous names in the field of geography, even in the West, are Ibn Khaldun
and Ibn Batuta. They are famous for their written accounts of their extensive explorations. In
1
1166, Al-Idrisi, the well-known Muslim scholar produced very accurate maps, including a world
map with all the continents and their mountains, rivers and famous cities. Al-Muqdishi was the
first geographer to produce accurate maps in color.
Muslims also had great contributions in the field of education. Seeking knowledge is
obligatory in Islam for every Muslim, man and woman. The main sources of Islam, the Quran and
the Sunnah (Prophet Muhammad's traditions), encourage Muslims to seek knowledge and be
scholars, since this is the best way for people to know Allah (God), to appreciate His wonderful
creations and be thankful for them. Muslims have always been eager to seek knowledge, both
religious and secular, and within a few years of Prophet Muhammad's mission, a great civilization
flourished.
The greatest contribution in education is shown in the spread of Islamic universities: Al-
Zaytunah in Tunis and Al-Azhar in Cairo which was founded more than 1.000 years ago and has
become the oldest existing universities in the world. Indeed, these Islamic universities were the
models for the first European universities, such as Bologna, Heidelberg, and the Sorbonne.
Muslims also excelled in mathematics. They invented the symbol for zero, and they organized
the numbers into the decimal system. Additionally, they invented the symbol to express an
unknown quantity, i.e. variables like x. The first great Muslim mathematician, Al-Khawarizmi,
invented the subject of algebra (al-Jabr), which was further developed by others, most specially
Umar Khayyam. Muslim mathematicians excelled also in geometry, as can be seen in their graphic
arts. It was the great Al-Biruni (who excelled also in the fields of natural history, even geology and
mineralogy) who established trigonometry as a distinct branch of mathematics.
Muslims scholars always have high interest in the field of medicine. In Islam, the human body
is a source of appreciation, as it is created by Almighty Allah (God). How it functions, how to keep
it clean and safe, how to prevent diseases from attacking it or cure those diseases, have been
important issues for Muslims. Prophet Muhammad himself urged people to "take medicines for
your diseases", as people at that time were reluctant to do so. He also said,
"God created no illness, except that He has established for it a cure, except for old age. When
the antidote is applied, the patient will recover with the permission of God."
Ibn Sina (d. 1037), better known to the West as Avicenna, was perhaps the greatest physician
until the modern era. His famous book, The Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb), remained a
standard textbook even in Europe, for over 700 years. Ibn Sina's work is still studied in the East.
Another famous physician and scientist was Al-Razi (d. 932), known in the West as Rhazes. He was
one of the greatest physicians in the world in the Middle Ages. He stressed empirical observation
and clinical medicine, and was also famous as a diagnostician. He also wrote about hygiene in
hospitals. Abul-Qasim Az-Zahrawi was a very famous surgeon in the eleventh century, known in
Europe for his work, Concession (Kitab al-Tasrif). Other significant contributions were made in
pharmacology, and in public health. Every major city in the Islamic world had a number of
excellent hospitals.

Answer the following questions:

1. What’s the best title for the passage above?
2. How does the text explain about Muslim and science?
3. In which field that Muslim scholars contribute to world science? Mention the figures and
their works? What’s the best well-konwn work of Ibnu Sina?
4. What does ‘this’ in paragraph 5 line 3 refer to?

2
 5. What does ‘they’ in paragraph 7 line 1 refer to?
6. Do you perceive that Ibn Khaldun is claimed to be a historian or sociologist? Why?
7. What is the author’s purpose of this article?

PART 3: UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY

A. WORD FUNCTION

Find the meaning of the words regarding the issues of Islamic Studies learned during this semester, then identify
the word function of each word: Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb! (30 points)

N Word Function
Words/phrases Meaning
No (N, V, Adj, Adv)
1. 1 obligation
2. 2 professes
3. 3 officially
4. 4 mindful
5. 5 guidance
6. 6 reveal
7. 7 righteous
8. 8 beneficial
9. 9 believer
10. 1 break (fasting)
11. 1 equal
12. 1 scholar
13. 1 ratification
14. 1 worship
15. 1 migrate

B. Synonym: Find a single word which has similar meaning to the words below! (15 points)

1. Statement of faith:
2. Abstain :
3. Solitude :
4. Pursuit :
5. Compulsory :
6. Equality :
7. Eternal :
8. Preserve :
9. Illiterate :
10. Compulsion :

Good Luck!
There’s no ending, only new beginnings...

3
4