Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Reading Comprehension)
Disusun Oleh:
=============================================
Unit 1
2
A. Understanding A Printed Text
The following text will introduce you to the topic of Muslim world.
Before you read the text, define and explain the terms Muslim
world in your own words.
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
Muslim World
3
SunniShia relations) exist. In the past both Pan-Islamism and
nationalist currents have influenced the status of the Muslim world.
4
empirical orientation, which began among Muslim scientists. Ibn
al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics, especially for
his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light. Some have
also described Ibn al-Haytham as the "first scientist" for his
development of the modern scientific method. (Taken from
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).
Worldwide
Adherents
To dominate
Refinements Intromission
To distinguish
To regard
To consider
B. Comprehension
5
1. Does the term Muslim world (or Islamic world) have several
meanings?
2. What does the term Muslim world in a cultural sense refer to?
6
C. Increasing New Vocabularies
1. several meanings
3. Muslim scientists
4. significant progress
Identifying the main verb, its subject, and its object. Most English
sentences have three parts; a subject, a verb, and an object or
complement. These sentences are called SVO sentences. (S:
subject, V: verb, O: object)
In order to find the three parts of an SVO sentence, first find the
verb. Sometimes the verb is one word. Sometimes there are other
words with the verbs like is, are, has, have, can, may, etc. After
you find the verb, look for the subject. The subject usually comes
before the verb. Last, find the object. It comes after the verb.
Example;
S V O
7
Muslim scientists made significant advances
S V O
In these two sentences, each sentence has one verb, ―has‖ in the
first sentence, and ―made‖ in the second sentence. The subjects
are
―The term Muslim world and Muslim scientists. The objects are
―several meanings‖ and ―significant advances‖
E. Exercise
Identify the verbs, the subjects, and the objects of the following
sentences!
8
8. In the past both Pan-Islamism and nationalist currents have
influenced the status of the Muslim world.
9. What people think about him may make him more creative.
UNIT 2
The following text will introduce you to the topic of The Meaning
of slam.
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
9
Islam is known as a Muslim, meaning "one who submits [to God]".
Muslim is the participle of the same verb of which Islâm is the
infinitive. There are between 1 billion and 1.8 billion Muslims,
making Islam the second-largest religion in the world, after
Christianity.
10
Almost all Muslims belong to one of two major
denominations, the Sunni (85%) and Shi'a (15%). The schism
developed in the late 7th century following disagreements over the
religious and political leadership of the Muslim community. Islam
is the predominant religion in Africa and the Middle East, as well
as in major parts of Asia. Large communities are also found in
China, the Balkan Peninsula in Eastern Europe and Russia. There
are also large Muslim immigrant communities in other parts of the
world, such as Western Europe. About 20% of Muslims live in
Arab countries, 30% in the Indian subcontinent and 15.6% in
Indonesia, the largest Muslim country by population.
B. Comprehension
1. What does the word Islam mean?
2. Why does Islam become the second largest religion in the
word?
3. What does a muslim believe about the prophet Muhammad?
4. What is the largest muslim country by population?
5. Why did the schism develop in the late 7th century?
11
C. Increasing New Vocabularies
originating submit reveal restore prophet
surrender angel sources alter predominant
encompass dietary
12
E. Exercise
13
………………………………………………………
c. Badly violin plays the very Susan
……………………………………………………….
d. Scotland those from children come
………………………………………………………..
e. Young very look you
…………………………………………………………
3. Circle the correct answers
Example: we / my friend always wear old clothes
You / John always wears nice clothes
a. We all / the boss thinks you‘re wonderful.
b. I / Catherine want a new job.
c. Bread / books costs a lot.
d. Andy / Andy and Pete sings very well.
14
UNIT 3
Before you read the text, define the terms Islamic Science in your
own words. Then compare your definitions with the ones in the
following text.
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
15
Islamic Science
16
WillDurant,[Fielding H. Garrison, Muhammad Iqbal and Hossein
Nasr argue that Muslim scientists played an important role in
laying the foundations for an experimental science with their
introduction of an early scientific method and an empirical,
experimental and quantitative approach to scientific inquiry.
During the early Muslim conquests, the Muslim Arab forces, led
primarily by Khalid ibn al-Walid, conquered the Sassanid Persian
Empire and more than half of the Byzantine Roman Empire,
establishing the Arab Empire across the Middle East, Central Asia,
and North Africa, followed by further expansions across Pakistan,
southern Italy and the Iberian Peninsula. As a result, the Islamic
governments inherited the knowledge and skills of the ancient
Middle East, of Greece, of Persia and of India.
17
in Samarkand and Baghdad. The Arabs improved upon the Chinese
techniques using linen rags instead of mulberry bark.
18
Civilization: (n) warga/masyarakat
B. Comprehension
19
6. What do Donald Routledge Hill and Ahmad Y Hassan
express?
7. Did the Islamic governments inherite the knowledge and
skills of the ancient Middle East of Greece, of Persia and of
India?
8. What was the art of papermarking obtained from?
9. When did Muslim scholars make significant advances in
science, mathematics, medicine, astronomy, engineering,
and many other fields?
10. What kind of man is called a muslim?
11. Is the number of important and original Arabic works
written on the mathematical sciences much larger than the
combined total of Latin and Greek works on the
mathematical sciences?
12. In what paragraph is the question of number 11written
above?
Now read the text again. Are the following statements correct or in
correct? Show the expression(s) in the text that support your
answer.
20
3. The Muslim Arab forces was not led primarily by Khalid
ibn al-Walid, in conquering the Sassanid Persian Empire.
4. All scientists during the Islamic Golden Age were Muslim
or Arab.
5. There is no different view on Islamic science among
historians of science..
6. The art of papermaking was obtained from Chinese
prisoners at the Battle of Talas.
21
C. Increasing New Vocabularies
Some of the words in the following chart are found in the text.
Complete the chart and look up a dictionary. Leave the space blank
if you cannot find the single appropriate word.
Noun Verb Adjective
different
Islam
qualify
science
express
Development
appreciate
contribute
quantitative
practice
22
Pre-mod / HW / Post-mod
D. Language Focus
The following sentences are found in the text. Pay attention to the
words in italics.
23
The word “there” as written on the two statements above is usually
called as introductory there. It is followed by to be. It can also be
followed by modal auxiliary verbs but they must be equipped with
the word be.
Modal auxiliary verbs, some times are called modals,. The most
common modals are listed below.
Can = bisa
Could = bisa
May = mungkin
Must = harusi
Shall = akan
Should = seharusnya
Will = akan
Examples:
24
- There must be clear regulations formulized by the
experts.
E. Exercise
25
b). Express the following ideas in good English.
26
UNIT 4
The following text will introduce you to the topic of The Holy
Book ―Koran‖.
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
27
June 8, 632. The Koran was reportedly written down by
Muhammad's companions (sahabah) while he was alive, although
the prime method of transmission was orally. It was compiled in
the time of Abu Bakr, the first caliph, and was standardized under
the administration of Uthman, the third caliph. From textual
evidence Islamic studies scholars find that the Koran of today has
not changed significantly over the years.
The Koran is divided into 114 suras, or chapters, which
combined, contain 6,236 āyāt, or verses. The chronologically
earlier suras, revealed at Mecca, are primarily concerned with
ethical and spiritual topics. The later Medinan suras mostly discuss
social and moral issues relevant to the Muslim community. The
Koran is more concerned with moral guidance than legal
instruction, and is considered the "sourcebook of Islamic principles
and values". Muslim jurists consult the hadith, or the written record
of Muhammad's life, to both supplement the Koran and assist with
its interpretation. The science of Koranic commentary and exegesis
is known as tafsir.
The word Koran means "recitation". When Muslims speak
in the abstract about "the Koran", they usually mean the scripture
as recited in Arabic rather than the printed work or any translation
of it. To Muslims, the Koran is perfect only as revealed in the
original Arabic; translations are necessarily deficient because of
28
language differences, the fallibility of translators, and the
impossibility of preserving the original's inspired style.
Translations are therefore regarded only as commentaries on the
Koran, or "interpretations of its meaning", not as the Koran itself.
B. Comprehension
After reading the text carefully and looking up new words in
dictionaries or reference books, answer the following questions.
1. Is the Koran the central religious text of Islam?
2. Do muslims believe that the verses of the Koran were revealed
to Muhammad by God through the angel Gabriel?
3. How were the verses of the Koran revealed?
4. When was the Koran compiled?
5. What does the word it (in the second line of paragraph 1) refer
to?
6. How many suras is the Koran divided?
7. What does the word ―Koran” mean?
8. What is the title of the reading above?
29
4. recitation
5. prime
E. Exercise
1. Which is correct – A, B or both?
a. A. I lost your address. B. I lost your address.
b. A. I broke a window. B. John broke a window
c. A. The rain stopped B. The rain stopped
d. A. You never visited me in hospital
B. You never visited me in hospital
30
e. A. I didn‘t know the answer
B. I didn‘t knew the answer
f. A. Where did everybody go? B. Where everybody
went?
g. A. When John and his family did arrive?
B. When did John and his family did arrive?
h. A. Who said that?
B. Who did say that?
i. A. At ten o‘clock last night I read?
B. At ten o‘clock last night I was reading?
j. A. When I saw John, he was playing tennis. B. When I
saw John, he played tennis.
k. A. When Ann came home, John was cooking supper B.
When Ann came home, John cooked supper
2. Circle the correct form
a. I break / broke a cup yesterday.
b. Ann didn‘t play / played tennis this morning.
c. Harry work / worked last Sunday.
d. I didn‘t know / knew where I was.
e. I didn‘t feel / felt well last night.
f. Ann come / came to see us at the weekend.
g. I didn‘t see / saw Bill at the party.
31
h. Peter didn‘t write / wrote to me for a long time.
i. The train did not arrive / arrives on time.
j. Mary didn‘t like / likes / liked her teacher.
3. Make simple Past negative sentences
I played hockey. (football): I didn‟t play football
a. We spoke Spanish together. (Arabic)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
b. My uncle taught mathematics. (science)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
c. Bill cooked the potatoes. (the fish)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
d. I took my mother to the mountains. (my father)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
e. We told our parents everything. (the police)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
f. I wrote to my sister. (my brother)
…………………………………………………………
32
…………………..
g. I liked the party. (the music)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
h. We knew her address. (phone number)
…………………………………………………………
…………………..
4. Write five things that you didn‘t do yesterday
a. I didn‘t
…………………………………………………………
…………….
b. …………………………………………………………
………………………..
c. …………………………………………………………
………………………..
d. …………………………………………………………
………………………..
e. …………………………………………………………
………………………..
33
a. I lived / was living in France for eight years.
b. Sue lived / was living in France when her uncle died.
c. At 06.15, when you phoned, I had / was having a
shower.
d. We watched / were watching TV all evening.
e. Bill watched / was watching TV when Ann came in.
f. My father worked / was working hard all his life.
g. They got married while they studied / were studying at
London University.
h. Yesterday we drove / were driving from Oxford to
Edinburgh and back.
i. It was a nice evening, so she walked / was walking home
from work.
6. Write the simple past forms
a. Like: ……………
b. Bring: ………….
c. Cry: …………
d. Feel: ………….
e. Stay: ……………
f. Stop: ……………
7. Put the verbs given below (simple past or past progressive)
into the text.
34
Drive open pass pull run shine sing start turn
wait
Unit 5
35
A. Understanding A Printed Text
The following text will introduce you to the way the Prophet
spread education along with his efforts to spread Islam. Before
reading this text, define the term ―education‖, ―iman‖, and
―ihsan‖!
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
36
companions, each like a shinning star on the horizon of prophet
hood, a moving light of Islam.
The subjects taught at al-Suffah were the Koran, Tajwid, and all
Islamic sciences, besides reading and writing. The teachers of al-
Suffah were the Prophet himself and those appointed by him. The
chief object of his education was to purify the hearts and enlighten
the souls. So they could raise their level of ihsan. (Taken from
English Comprehension for Islamic Studies, Book 1, IAIN Suka
Yogyakarta)
B. Comprehension
After reading the text carefully and looking up any new words in
dictionaries or reference books, answer the following questions.
37
5. Were his steps made to spread education, to wipe out ignorance
and to provide the knowledge and wisdom which would meet
all future challengers?
In this section you should use your dictionary to help you answer
the questions about the text.
1. Look at paragraph 1and 2, then find the words that have the
same meaning as:
38
c. making pure
e. something done
f. strong belief
2. Look at paragraph 3 and say what words have the same meaning
as:
a. get to
3. Look at paragraph 4 and 5, then find the words that have the
same meaning as:
39
c. person or thing to which action or feeling or thought is
directed
4. A benevolent teacher
7. A team of companions
40
D. Language Focus
Adverb of purpose
to + VERB EXPRESSION
Comments :
(3) Use (in order) to with verb expressions; use for with noun
phrases.
Note :
41
(2) Questions with why can also be answered with because and so
(that).
E. Exercise
42
10. (We/ Us), girls are going camping over the weekend.
20. You‘ll stick (you/your/yourself) with the pins if you are not
careful.
43
1. cash the check 11. matches
2. meet me 12. lunch
3. get some coffee 13. eat lunch
4. for 14. find a chair
5. his coat 15. for
6. all of his books 16. watch a television
7. get all of his books program.
8. tell me the news 17. pick up his radio
9. buy some matches 18. for
10. buy matches 19. an exam
20. take a rest.
Unit 6
44
A. Understanding A Printed Text
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
45
colleges. This is mainly carried out in the State Institute of Islamic
Studies (IAIN) or the State College of Islamic Studies (STAIN)
and the private colleges. In this system, Islamic studies constitute a
field of specialization.
The writer has just described very briefly how Islamic education
permeates the Indonesian national education system. He hopes that
it is clear how Indonesian national ideology of Pancasila nurtures
and meets the need of religious groups in Indonesia. By being
neither a secular nor a theocratic state, Indonesia, with its rapid
modern development, is a fertile land for religious observance and
religious harmony. (Taken from Aspiring for the
Middle Path by Dr. H. Tarmizi Taher)
several (adj) : beberapa
46
mosque (n) : masjid
B. Comprehension
After reading the text carefully and looking up any new words in
dictionaries or reference books, answer the following questions
47
6. Are there any differences between Islamic education in the
second form and that in the third form?
8. What is the difference between the forth and the fifth forms?
1. Look at paragraph 1 and find the words that have the same
meaning as:
- do as required or specified
- make up amount to
- opposite of public
48
2. Look at paragraph 2 and say what the words that have the same
meaning as:
- in a few words
- give or bring up
49
D. language Focus
Embedded Questions
Emb Quest: The writer has just described very briefly how Islamic
education permeates the Indonesian
education system.
50
I have no idea how long the interview will take place.
E. Exercise
51
1. Whose book is it? They haven‘t discovered.
3. How much will it cost to repair the car? The mechanic told me.
9. How long will the seminar last? The committee didn‘t tell me
52
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
53
training of the mind and the transmission of knowledge (ta`lim) but
also with the education of the whole being of men and women
(tarbiyah). The teacher is therefore not only a muallim, a
'transmitter of knowledge' but also a murabbi, a 'trainer of souls
and personalities'. "The Islamic educational system never divorced
the training of the mind from that of the soul." Islamic education
ideally aims to provide a milieu for the total and balanced
development of every student in every sphere of learning -
spiritual, moral, imaginative, intellectual, cultural, aesthetic,
emotional and physical - directing all these aspects towards the
attainment of a conscious relationship with God, the ultimate
purpose of man's life on earth.
54
(ihsan)". In this sense, adab is "the reflection of wisdom (hikmah)"
and "the spectacle (mashhad) of justice (`adl)."
Within the dual nature of man's own self, the adab of his
lower animal soul (al-nafs al-hayawaniyyah) is to recognize and
acknowledge its subordinate position in relation to his higher
rational soul (al-nafs al-natiqah). In relation to God, mankind has
made a covenant (mithaq) and recognized and acknowledged God
as his Lord (al-Rabb). His adab in relation to his Lord is to
recognize and acknowledge that Lordship and to behave in such a
way as to be worthy of approaching nearer to Him. He is motivated
by taqwa (consciousness and awe of God) and ihsan, defined by
the Prophet as "to adore God as though you see Him, and if you do
not see Him, He nonetheless sees you." This spiritual dimension of
adab is an "Islamization" of the original meaning, 'an invitation to a
banquet', where the host would be a man of distinction and
standing and the guests would be worthy of the honour of
invitation by virtue of their refined character and upbringing,
expressed in their speech, conduct and manners.
55
two elements idenitified by Nasr above - but also 'knowledge'
(`ilm). Al-Attas maintains that the coining of the word tarbiyah
(which is actually not found in any of the great Arabic lexicons)
reflected the Western concept of 'education', which is derived from
Latin educare/education and connected to educere (English 'educe',
'draw out or develop from a latent or potential state'). Such
education, in al-Attas's view, is "intellectual and moral training
geared to physical and material ends pertaining to secular man in
his society and state" and cannot therefore describe Islamic
education.
56
B. Comprehension
After reading the text carefully and looking up any new words in
dictionaries or reference books, answer the following questions!
57
11. From the view point of the writer‘s name, is he an Indonesian?
You should use your dictionary. Find the meaning of the following
words or phrases and memorize them!
- to encompass
- acquired knowledge
- compartmentalization
- secular spheres
- perfection
- to recognize
- in relation to
- a superordinate concept
- to endow
- spiritual dimension
58
- a banquet'
D. Language Focus
Noun Clause
59
Sub clause: that the concept of 'possession' is implied by
tarbiyah.
Adverbial Clause
E. Exercise
60
Unit 8
Read through the passage and find the answers to the question.
Remember, you do not have to understand every word to answer
them.
61
Islamic Education:
62
In a recent paper on the application of religious models to
educational administration , Aref Atari has shown how the
implementation of both the Christian model of
ServiceStewardship" and the Islamic "Khalifah" model "entails a
radical transformation in management, thought and practice" away
from a hierarchically organised bureaucratic Western model to a
what he calls a "caring and sharing spirit". In this climate, trust,
love, sympathy, mercy, cooperation, tolerance and altruism are at
least as important as efficiency, effectiveness, competition,
professional ambition and achievement. The outcome is an
organisation which is both "virtue-based and excellence-oriented".
Shurah-based management, empowering and working with others,
replaces a topdown approach which manipulates, controls and
works through others.
63
A holistic curriculum also aims to reconcile conventional
and stereotyped oppositions such as art and science; creativity and
rigour; analytic and synthetic styles of learning; logic and intuition;
memorisation and comprehension; collaboration and competition;
goal-directed learning and exploratory, discovery or investigative
learning; innovation and tradition; teaching methods which
facilitate learning and those which direct learning; and so on.
64
which are necessary for it to be a meaningful guide in
contemporary life. It is also vital that a false and misleading
dichotomy is not set up between a type of education which
prepares students for "the life of this world" and that which
prepares students for the "Hereafter". This is a recipe for a deeply
divided mentality and a troubled soul. Concentration on religious
studies alone leads to an imbalance and an unintegrated educational
system which does not give man the knowledge and skills
necessary for engaging in meaningful activities in this life, which,
after all, must determine his station in the Hereafter. (Taken from
the Book Foundation by Jeremy Henzell-Thomas)
B. Comprehension
After reading the text carefully and looking up any new words in
dictionaries or reference books, answer the following questions!
65
4. Is there an inherent contradiction in including tarbiyah within
the greater explanatory power of ta'dib?
You should use your dictionary. Find the meaning of the following
words or phrases and memorize them!
- to subsume
- to elaborate
- an inherent contradiction
- a defective concept
66
- a radical transformation
- misleading dichotomy
- a meaningful guide
- a recipe
D. Language Focus
Nouns
Nouns are mostly words for things and people – for example
house, tree, driver, child, water, idea, lesson. Most nouns can
come after the.
67
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives are words like easy, slow, sorry, important. They
usually tell you more about people or things. They can go
before nouns, or after be, seem, look, etc.
E. Exercise
68
1. Write the adverbs of the following words. Number a was
done for you.
a. Nice: nicely
b. Beautiful: …………………..
c. Complete: …………………..
d. Easy: …………………………
e. Portable: ……………………..
69
b. I‘m terrible / terribly sorry.
c. It looks beautiful / beautifully.
d. I drove very careful / carefully on the snow.
e. She spoke to me in perfect / perfectly English.
f. He doesn‘t work very hard / hardly.
g. This the more / most expensive hotel in / of the country.
h. Ann is much older as / than / that / of her husband.
4. Write the comparatives
a. Old : older d. good: …………………….
b. Late: …………… e. happy:
………………………
c. Fat: …………….. f. interesting:
………………..
70
Colour adjectives usually come after others.
Beautiful red apples (NOT red beautiful apples)
71
With teeth (white long) :
………………………………
6. Put the words in the correct order and continue the story.
‗good a little, girl morning, said :
„good……………………… Big the bad
wolf :
……………………………….
‗going you where are :
……………………………….
That with bag heavy :
……………………………….
Day this fine on?‘ :
……………………………….
‗going my see to grandmother I‘m old:
……………………………..
Girl the said little :
……………………………….
‗lives small she in house a :
………………………………
New the supermarket near.‘ :
72
……………………………….
Daftar Pustaka
1. Ibrahim Ahmad Bawahi, Islam and Introduction.
73