Section A

1 Which pair of standards is used to measure the relative molecular mass and the
relative atomic mass of a substance?

Relative molecular mass Relative atomic mass

1 1
A mass of a carbon-12 atom
12
1
B mass of a carbon-12 atom
12
C mass of a hydrogen-1 atom
D mass of a hydrogen-1 atom
mass of a carbon-12 atom
12
mass of a hydrogen-1 atom
1
mass of a carbon-12 atom
12
mass of a hydrogen-1 atom

2 What is the mass of oxygen in 74 g of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 ?

A8g
B 16 g
C 32 g
D 64 g

3 Urea, CO(NH2 )2 , is used as a fertiliser. What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen

in urea?
A 12%
B 23%
C 40%
D 47%

4 Which of the following statements about ethanoic acid (CH3 COOH) and methyl
methanoate (HCOOCH3 ) are true?
1 They contain the same percentage by mass of oxygen.
2 They have the same empirical formula.
3 They have the same relative molecular mass.

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 1,2 and 3
5 One of the reactions that takes place during the manufacture of iron is as shown:
2CO(g) + O2 ( g) → 2CO2 ( g)

Which statement about this reaction is true?

A 2 g of carbon monoxide reacts with 1 g of oxygen.
B 2 mol of carbon dioxide can be obtained from 2 mol of oxygen.
C 28 kg of carbon monoxide produces 44 kg of carbon dioxide.
D 88 kg of carbon dioxide can be obtained from 16 kg of oxygen.
 6 When calcium carbonate is heated strongly, it decomposes into calcium oxide
and carbon dioxide gas.
CaCO3 ( s) → CaO(s) + CO2 ( g)

What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at r.t.p. when 10 g of calcium
carbonate is heated strongly?
A 0.10dm3
B 0.24dm3
C 1.00dm3
D 2.40dm3

7 A student carried out titration of sodium hydroxide with an unknown acid. He

found that 20.0 cm3 of 1.5 mol/dm3 of sodium hydroxide exactly reacted with
10.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 of the acid. How many moles of sodium hydroxide
would react with one mole of the acid?

A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

8. Tin occurs naturally as tin(IV) oxide, SnO2 , in the ore cassiterite. It is extracted
by heating the ore with carbon. The equation for the reaction is:

SnO2 ( s) + C(s) → Sn(s) + CO2 ( g)

357 g of tin was obtained from 30.2 kg of cassiterite. What is the percentage yield
of tin?
A 0.015%
B 0.15%
c 1.5%
D 15%

Use the following information to answer Questions 9 and 𝟏𝟎.

A sample of seawater contains bromide ions with a concentration of 0.1 g/dm3. When
chlorine gas is bubbled through the sample, bromine gas is obtained. The equation of the
reaction is:

2Br − (aq) + Cl2 ( g) → Br2 ( g) + 2Cl− (aq)

9 What volume of chlorine gas is required to produce 0.008 tonne of bromine gas at
room temperature and pressure? (1 tonne = 106 g )
A 50dm3
B 100dm3
 C 1200dm3
D 2400dm3
10. What volume of seawater is required to produce 0.008 tonne of bromine gas?
( 1 tonne = 106 g)

A 20000dm3
B 40000dm3
C 80000dm3
D 160000dm3

Section B

1 When aqueous sodium sulfate, Na2 SO4, was added to aqueous lead(II) nitrate,
Pb(NO3 )2, lead(II) sulfate was precipitated.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction. Include state symbols.

(b) Hence, write the ionic equation for the reaction in (a).

(c) 200 cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 lead(II) nitrate solution was mixed with 100 cm3 of
0.1 mol/dm3 sodium sulfate solution.

(i) What is the limiting reactant in this reaction?

(ii) Calculate the mass of lead(II) sulfate precipitated.

2 A student was provided with the following solutions:

A: Unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide solution

B: 0.25 mol/dm3 of dilute sulfuric acid

The student titrated 25.0 cm3 portions of 𝐀 in a conical flask against 𝐁 in a

burette. The results of the experiment are shown below.

Titration number 1 2 3

Final volume of 𝐁/𝐜𝐦3 19.10 18.70 18.70

Initial volume of 𝐁/𝐜𝐦3 0.00 0.00 0.00

Volume of 𝐁 used /𝐜𝐦3 19.10 18.70 18.70

 (a)
Using suitable sets of the titration results, calculate the average volume of the
acid used for complete neutralisation.

(b)

(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution
and dilute sulfuric acid.

(ii) Hence, write the ionic equation for the reaction in (i).

(c)
Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the sodium hydroxide solution.

3 Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass. The relative
atomic mass of oxygen is 16 . The most stable form of oxygen is the diatomic
form, known as dioxygen, The other form of oxygen, known as ozone, has a
relative molecular mass of 48 . Ozone at the ground level is harmful to the human
respiratory system. In some countries, the recommended limit of concentration
of ground-level ozone is 1.57 × 10−4 g/m3 .
(a) Define "relative atomic mass',

(b) Based on the relative molecular mass of ozone. suggest the molecular formula
of ozone.

(c) An-environmental scientist found that there are 1 × 1018 molecules of ozone
in 1 m3 of air. Has the limit of 1.57 × 10−4 g/m3 been exceeded? Support your
answer with relevant calculations. (One mole of a substance contains 6 × 1022
particles.)

4 Hydrogen fluoride attacks glass and is used to draw on glass. It is prepared by

adding concentrated sulfuric acid to calcium fluoride. The reaction takes place at
room temperature.
CaF2 ( s) + H2 SO4 (𝑙) → 2HF(g) + CaSO4 ( s)

(a) When 15.6 g of a sample of calcium fluoride was reacted with 12.5 cm3 of
20.0 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid at r.t.p., 7.68dm3 of hydrogen fluoride was formed.

(i) What is the limiting reactant in this reaction?

(ii) Calculate the theoretical volume of hydrogen fluoride that was formed.

(b) Calculate the percentage purity of calcium fluoride.

5 The recommended dosage of paracetamol for a child weighing 10-16 kg is 160mg.

A brand of medicine contains 0.20 mol of paracetamol in 1dm3 of solution. What
is the maximum number of 2.5 cm3 spoonfuls of the medicine a parent can safely
feed her child, if her child weighs 15 kg ? (𝑀1 : paracetamol = 151)
 Section C

1 Hydrated compounds are compounds that contain water of crystallisation. The

information of some hydrated compounds is given in the table below.

Compound Formula Percentage by mass of water /%

hydrated magnesium sulfate MgSO4 ⋅ 7H2 O 51.2

hydrated sodium carbonate Na2 CO3 ⋅ 1OH2 O 62.9

hydrated zinc nitrate Zn(NO3 )2 ⋅ xH2 O 36.5

(a) Given that one mole of a substance contains 6 × 1023 particles, calculate the number
of water molecules present in 5.00 g of hydrated magnesium sulfate.

(b) When solid hydrated sodium carbonate is heated, the water of crystallisation is given
off as steam. Write a balanced chemical reaction, with state symbols, to represent this
change.

(c) Calculate the value of x in Zn(NO3 )2 ⋅ xH2 O.

2 The following results were obtained in an experiment to determine the formula of an

oxide of mercury. The oxide is a red solid. It decomposed into its elements when
heated at r.t.p. (One mole of a gas occupies 24dm3 at r.t.p.)
Mass of empty test tube = 15.45 g
Mass of test tube + oxide of mercury = 17.61 g
Volume of oxygen collected at r.t.p. = 120 cm3

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that can be used to perform this
experiment.
(b) State a precaution to take when performing this experiment.

(c) What observation (other than colour change) indicates that the reaction is complete?

(d) From the results of the experiment, determine the molecular formula of this oxide of
mercury. (One mole of this oxide of mercury weighs 217 g.)