KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF THE EFFECTS OF

NARCOTIC DRUG USE AMONG STUDENTS OF PLATEAU STATE

COLLEGE OF HEALTH TEACHNOLOGY PANKSHIN,

PANKSHIN LGA, PLATEAU STATE

BY

VICTOR JIMMY

CHTP/CH/20/4608

BEING A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF

COMMUNITY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, PLATEAU STATE

COLLEGE OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY PANKSHIN IN PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMEMENT FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN CHEW

MARCH, 2022.
 DECLARATION

This is to declare that this project “knowledge and awareness of the

effects of narcotic drug use among students of Plateau State College of Health

Technology Pankshin” was carried out by VICTOR JIMMY in the school of

Community Health, Plateau State College of Health Technology Pankshin.

Therefore testify that the work has not been presented elsewhere for similar

purpose.

________________________ _______________________

VICTOR JIMMY DATE

CHTP/CH/20/4608
 APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that this project has been examined and approved for the

award of Community Health Extension Workers Dilploma in School of

Community Health, Plateau State College of Health Technology Pankshin.

________________________ _______________________
MRS PLANZA DATE
Project Supervisor

________________________ ____________________

MR SHINPLANG FRANCIS DATE

Head of Community Health

________________________ ____________________

MR JOSIAH DANGWA DATE

Dean, School of Community Health

_________________________ _________________________

External Examiner Date

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A task of this nature could not have been possible to accomplish without

the assistance of a number of people. I through this medium wish to extend my

formal appreciation to such great people

First and foremost of such personalities is Mrs Planza, my project

supervisor who despite her tight schedules could offer sound Academic

corrections and useful advises in a motherly,and friendly way that made it

possible for me to complete this work in no distant time.i also acknowledges the

contributions of my beloved Parents Mr. and Miss. Late Dr JIMMY G.

JARYUM RIP DADDY for their moral support, financial assistance and

motivations that lead to the success of this work, may God continue to Bless

you abundantly.

My appreciation also goes to my Lovely Brothers Sister for their moral

advice, care and support shown during the studies, may the Lord continue to

bless you richly.

And for that have supported to the success of this project in one way or

the other, may the Lord Bless you All.

 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to God Almighty for His Love, Protection and

Guidance throughout my Study in College of Health Technology Pankshin and

also to my lovely Parents Mr. and Miss JIMMY G. JARYUM for their endless

prayers and moral advice.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page - - - - - - - - - i

Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii

Approval Page - - - - - - - - iii

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - iv

Dedication - - - - - - - - - v

Table of Content - - - - - - - vi-viii

Abstract - - - - - - - - - ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Research questions

1.6 Scope and limitations of the study

1.7 Operational Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Literature review

2.1 History of narcotic drugs

2.2 Classification of narcotics

2.3 Pharmacokinetic of narcotic drugs

2.4 General uses of narcotic drugs

2.5 Precautions on theuse of narcotic drugs

2.6 Effect of narcotic drugs

2.7 Clinical signs and symptoms of narcotic drugs on the users

2.8 Prevention of the use of narcotic drugs

CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology

3.0 INTRODUCTION

3.1 research Design

3.2 population of the study

3.3 sample and sampling techniques

3.4 instrument for data collection

3.5 validation of the instrument

3.6 Reliability of the instrument

3.7 method of data collection

3.8 method of Data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation Analysis and Discussion of Findings

4.0 Introduction

4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis

CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendations

References

Appendix
 ABSTRACT

This project work examined the KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF THE

EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC DRUG USE AMONG STUDENTS OF PLATEAU STATE
COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY PANKSHIN. It also informed the students of
the study area on the practice of effects of narcotic drug use to their health and academic
performance. Among the objectives is to ascertain the level of narcotic knowledge possessed
by the students in Plateau State College of Health Technology Pankshin to assess the
preventive measure against the consumption of hard drugs in school and make use of the
available resources to combat the menace from narcotic drugs use. Many medical and allied
literatures were reviewed to develop more facts for the project work. This research use
descriptive survey to sample 15 staff and 165 students of Plateau State College of Health
Technology Pankshin. Questionnaire is the instrument used to gather and analyze the data,
165 questionnaire were distributed out of which 165 were retrieved. In conclusion,
recommendations were made that the students should avoid narcotic drugs as this will go a
long to affect their studies in school. Also, students should be aware of the negative effects
from the narcotic drugs as it might affect their mental alertness and stability. Furthermore,
students should refrain from cultism being a platform for drugs addiction and armed Robbery
activities and as well as prostitutions.

Keywords; narcotic, knowledge, students, effect, and drug use

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Narcotics are addictive drugs that reduce the user's perception of pain
and induce euphoria (a feeling of exaggerated and unrealistic well-being). The
English word narcotic is derived from the Greek narkotikos, which means
"numbing" or "deadening." Although the term can refer to any drug that
deadens sensation or produces stupor, it is commonly applied to the opioids—
that is, to all natural or synthetic drugs that act like morphine. It also referred
medically to any psychoactive compound with sleep-inducing properties. it has
since associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as
well as derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex.
The primary three are morphine, codeine, and the baine (while the baine itself is
only very mildly psychoactive, it is a crucial precursor in the vast majority of
semi-synthetic opioids, such as oxycodone). Legally speaking, the term
"narcotic" is imprecisely defined and typically has negative connotations.
Statutory classification of a drug as a narcotic often increases the penalties for
violation of drug control statutes. For example, although federal law classifies
both cocaine and amphetamines as "Schedule II" drugs, the penalty for
possession of cocaine is greater than the penalty for possession of
amphetamines because cocaine, unlike amphetamines, is classified as a narcot
Stern, J., and C. Ippolit (2013)
Narcotics can be dangerous because of their potential for deadly interactions
with other medications as well as their potential for dependence and addiction.
Narcotics should never be combined with other types of drugs that depress the
central nervous system.

These categories of drugs include the following:

 alcohol
 benzodiazepine tranquilizers, including such drugs as diazepam (Valium),
alprazolam (Xanax), and chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
 barbiturates, used to treat insomnia and anxiety , including such
medications as pentobarbital (Nembutal) and mephobarbital (Mebaral)
 antihistamines, even over-the-counter cold or allergy medications, which
can interact with narcotics to intensify drowsiness and repress breathing.
WHO (2014)

Narcotics can also interact with certain herbal preparations to cause central
nervous system depression. Anyone taking narcotics for pain relief should avoid
using herbal preparations containing kava kava( Pipermethysticum), valerian (
Valerianaofficinalis), chamomile ( Matricariarecutita), or lemon balm ( Melissa
officinalis), as these herbs intensify the tendency of opioids to cause drowsiness
and slow down breathing. Ginseng ( Panax ginseng ) should also be avoided
because it interferes with the pain-relieving qualities of opioid medications.

Sense of "any illegal drug" first recorded 1926, Amer.Eng. The adj. is
first attested c.1600. There are many different types of narcotics. The two most
common forms of narcotic drugs are morphine and codeine. Both are
synthesized from opium for medicinal use. The most commonly used drug for
recreational purposes created from opium is heroin. Synthesized drugs created
with an opium base for use in pain management are fentanyl, oxycodone,
tramadol, demarol, hydrocodone, methadone, and hydromorphone. New forms
of pain medication are being created regularly. The newest drug to come out in
2014 is zohydro, an intense dosage of hydrocodone medication, the strongest
yet created for pain management. Stern, J., and C. Ippolit (2013)

It is within the legislative prerogative to classify cocaine, which is a non-

narcotic central nervous system stimulant, as a narcotic for penalty and
regulatory purposes. The use of cocaine poses serious problems for the
community and has a high potential for abuse.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The rate of the abuse of narcotic (hard) drugs among the students of
Plateau State College of Health Technology Pankshin is quite alarming and
uncalled for. And these had led to social and moral decadence which invariably
affected the students, families, the community and our country Nigeria at large.
It is no longer story that copious of the students of Plateau State College of
Health Technology Pankshin under the influences of narcotic drugs involved
themselves into so many social vices such as cultism, prostitution, armed
robbery, absenteeism, rituals e.t.c due to lack of knowledge of the effects of the
narcotic drugs on their health, academic, mental and social being.. According to
the saying, “charity begins at home”, parents have an important roll to play in
ensuring their children live a drug free life in order to build up a healthy society.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The general objective of the study is to;-

To know the level of the knowledge and awareness on the effects of

narcotic drugs among students of Plateau State College of Health Technology
Pankshin

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The specific objective of the study are;-

I. To create awareness on the danger of the use of narcotics drugs in Plateau

State College of Health Technology Pankshin to assess the preventive
measure against the consumption of hard drugs in school

II. To make use of the available resources to combat the menace from
narcotic drugs use

III. To evaluate the effects of the use of the narcotic drugs on the students of
Plateau State College of Health Technology Pankshin to rehabilitate the
students who are already addicted to the narcotic drugs.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. Do students have useful knowledge about the effect of narcotic drugs?

2. Can the students be mentally-disoriented from the use of narcotic drugs?

3. Can the students drop out of school because of involvement into narcotic
drugs?

4. Can the addiction lead to the involvement into social vices such as
prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc ?
5. Can narcotic drugs influences students to be rude in school and at home

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the study area “Plateau State College of Health
Technology Pankshin’ It looks beyond the lack of pre-existing knowledge of
awareness on the effects of narcotic drugs among the students in the study area.

1.6 OPERATIONAL TERMINOLOGIES

Analgesics — A class of pain-relieving medicines, including aspirin and

Tylenol.

Antitussive — A drug used to suppress coughing.

Euphoria — A feeling or state of well-being or elation.

Morphine —The principal alkaloid derived from the opium poppy for use as a
pain reliever and sedative. In its purified form, it is a white, bitter-tasting
crystalline powder.

Narcotic —A drug derived from opium or compounds similar to opium. Such

drugs are potent pain relievers and can affect mood and behavior. Long-term
use of narcotics can lead to dependence and tolerance. Also known as a narcotic
analgesic.

Opium latex — The milky juice or sap of the opium poppy, used to produce
morphine.

Palliative — Referring to a drug or a form of care that relieves pain without

providing a cure. Persons in severe pain from terminal cancer are often
prescribed narcotics as palliative care.
Stupor — A trance-like state that causes a person to appear numb to their
environment

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HISTORY OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

Narcotics are the oldest as well as the strongest analgesics , or pain-

relieving drugs, known to humans. Ancient Sumerian and Egyptian medical
texts dated as early as 4000 B.C. mention the opium poppy (
Papaversomniferum) as the source of a milky fluid (opium latex) that could be
given to relieve coughs and insomnia as well as ease pain. Traditional Chinese
medicine recommended the opium poppy, known to Chinese physicians as
yingsuke, for the treatment of asthma, severe diarrhea , and dysentery as well as
chronic pain and insomnia. Opium latex contains between 10 and 20 percent
morphine, which in its purified form is a white crystalline powder with a bitter
taste.

Narcotics are central nervous system depressants that produce a stuporous

state in the person who takes them. These drugs often induce a state of euphoria
or feeling of extreme well-being, and they are powerfully addictive. The body
quickly builds a tolerance to narcotics in as little as two to three days, so that
greater doses are required to achieve the same effect. Because of the addictive
qualities of these drugs, most countries in the twenty-first century have strict
laws regarding the production and distribution of narcotics. These laws became
necessary when opium addiction in the nineteenth century became a widespread
social problem in the developed countries. Opium, which was the first of the
opioids to be widely used, had been a common folk remedy for centuries that
often led to addiction for the user; in fact, many popular Victorian patent
medicines for "female complaints" actually contained opium. The invention of
the hypodermic needle in the mid-nineteenth century, however, increased the
number of addicts because it allowed opioids to be delivered directly into the
bloodstream, thereby dramatically increasing their effect.

It is based on the Greek word ναρκωσις (narcosis), the term used by

Hippocrates for the process of numbing or the numbed state. Galen listed
mandrake root, altercus (eclata), seeds, and poppy juice (opium) as the chief
examples.[17][18] It originally referred to any substance that relieved pain, dulled
the senses, or induced sleep.[19] Now, the term is used in a number of ways.
Some people define narcotics as substances that bind at opioid receptors
(cellular membrane proteins activated by substances like heroin or morphine)
while others refer to any illicit substance as a narcotic. From a U.S. legal
perspective, narcotics refer to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-
synthetic substitutes, though in U.S. law, due to its numbing properties, cocaine
is also considered a narcotic.
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF NARCOTICS

As of the early 2000s, narcotics are commonly classified into three groups
according to their origin:

 Natural derivatives of opium: Narcotics in this group include morphine

itself and codeine.
 Partially synthetic drugs derived from morphine: These drugs include
heroin, oxycodone (OxyContin), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), and
oxymorphone (Numorphan).
 Synthetic compounds that resemble morphine in their chemical structure:
Narcotics in this group include fentanyl (Duragesic), levorphanol (Levo-
Dromoran), meperidine (Demerol), methadone, and propoxyphene
(Darvon).

Narcotics are available in many different forms, ranging from oral,

intramuscular, and intravenous preparations to patches that can be applied to the
skin (fentanyl). Illegal street heroin can be taken by inhalation as well as by
injection.

2.3 PHARMACOKINETIC OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

The central nervous system in humans contains five different types of opioid
receptor proteins, located primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and digestive tract.
When a person takes an opioid medication, the drug attaches to these opioid
receptors in the brain and spinal cord and decreases the person's perception of
pain. Narcotics do not, however, reduce or eliminate the cause of the pain.

Some of the opioid receptors (known as mu and sigma receptors)

influence a person's perception of pleasure. When a narcotic medication
stimulates these receptor proteins, the person typically experiences intense
sensations of euphoria or well-being. The speed with which these drugs take
effect depends on the method of administration; IV narcotics reach their peak
effectiveness within ten minutes, while oral narcotics take about an hour and a
half, and skin patches take between two and four hours.

Overdoses of narcotics can cause drowsiness, unconsciousness, and even

death because these drugs suppress respiration.

2.4 GENERAL USES OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

Narcotics have several legitimate uses:

 Analgesic: Doctors frequently prescribe oral codeine and propoxyphene

(alone or in combination with aspirin) for pain control after oral surgery,
for severe menstrual cramps, and for temporary pain relief after other
outpatient surgical procedures. Intravenous narcotics may be given for
several days after major surgery to relieve the patient's discomfort.
Subsequent methods of administering opioids following surgery include a
sustained-release injected form of morphine sulfate (DepoMorphine) and
a patient-controlled transdermal system (E-TRANS) that releases doses of
fentanyl when the patient pushes a button attached to the arm or upper
chest. Intravenous narcotics may also be used for palliative care, to
relieve the pain of patients diagnosed with terminal cancer .
 Antitussive: Antitussives are medications given to control coughing.
Codeine is often effective in relieving severe coughs and is a common
ingredient in prescription cough mixtures. Antidiarrheal: Paregoric, a
liquid preparation containing powdered opium, anise oil, and glycerin, is
sometimes prescribed for severe diarrhea. The opium in paregoric works
to control diarrhea because it slows down the rhythmic contractions of the
intestines that ordinarily move food through the digestive tract. Lomotil,
 another antidiarrheal medication, contains a synthetic opioid known as
diphenoxylate; it is often recommended for treating cancer patients with
diarrhea caused by radiation therapy.

2.5 PRECAUTIONS ON THE USE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

In the United States, opioids are as of 2004 classified as Schedule II drugs

under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Drugs in this category are
described by the government as having a high potential for abuse and a liability
for dependence and yet an approved medical use in pain management. The
corresponding Canadian legislation, the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
of 1997, classifies medications containing any narcotic under the heading (N)
but specifies varying levels of regulation ranging from strict controls for highly
addictive single-drug products to lesser controls on drugs combining a narcotic
with non-narcotic substances. As both countries' legal controls indicate,
narcotics should be used cautiously, for as short a period of time as possible,
and only under a doctor's supervision. In particular, they should never be used
together with certain other categories of prescription drugs or herbal
preparations.

2.6 EFFECT OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

2.6.1 POSITIVE EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS ON THE MIND &

BODY

When prescription narcotics are taken in recommended doses, the user

likely won't experience many noticeable effects, outside of pain relief.
However, there are several obvious effects when narcotics are taken in large
doses. Initially, the user may feel a sense of euphoria, which is an intense
feeling of elation and excitement. Euphoria is most extreme for users who inject
or snort narcotics.
Other psychological effects of narcotics include:

 Calm or relaxed feeling

 Reduced anxiety

 Hallucinations or psychosis

 Positive outlook

 Feeling as if the user cannot get through the day without narcotics

Narcotics are highly addictive because many of these psychological effects are
perceived to be positive by the user. However, users quickly develop a
tolerance, which means the user needs a higher dose in order to achieve the
desired effect. Higher doses and prolonged use come with greater risk.

2.6.2 NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS ON THE MIND &

BODY

the risks involved with the use of narcotics drugs and the several effects on the
users body including:

 Sedation or drowsiness

 Slowed movement, delayed reactions, and lack of coordination

 Nausea and vomiting

 Constipation, reduced appetite, and other stomach ailments

 Reduced pain

 Constricted pupils

 Itchiness or other skin irritations

 Dry mouth and dehydration

  Difficulty breathing or shallow breathing

 Reduced heart rate

 Brain disorders or brain damage from extended use

 Collapsed veins or scarred veins from injections

 Infections and diseases caused by the use of shared or dirty needles, such
as HIV and hepatitis

 Seizures

 Coma

 Death

2.6.3 SIDE EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

In addition to the risk of dependency or addiction, narcotics have a number

of physical side effects, including the following:

 constipation
 drowsiness
 withdrawal symptoms after extended use (tearing, sweating, diarrhea,
vomiting , gooseflesh, muscle twitching, runny nose, loss of appetite, and
hot or cold flashes)

2.7 CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF NARCOTIC DRUGS ON

THE USERS

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) lists

opiates as common drugs of abuse among teenagers and notes that children as
young as 12 may be using narcotics. In many cases, children can obtain these
drugs at home in the form of medications prescribed for other family members.
Children who are abusing opioid medications may show the following signs:

 euphoria or "feeling no pain"

 constipation
 slurred speech
 shallow breathing
 itching or flushing of the skin
 mental confusion and poor judgment
 bloodshot eyes with small pupils
 nausea and vomiting
 unusual drowsiness

2.8 PREVENTION OF THE USE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

Scientists have attempted to develop ways to use the pain-killing

properties of narcotics while counteracting their addictive qualities. Substances
known as narcotic or opioid antagonists are drugs that block the actions of
narcotics and are used to reverse the side effects of narcotic abuse or an
overdose. A class of drugs, a mixture of opioids and opioid antagonists, has
been developed so that patients can be relieved of pain without the addictive or
other unpleasant side effects associated with narcotics.

1. Parental concerns

Parents, who suspect that their children are abusing opioids, either alone or in
combination with other drugs, should get help as soon as possible.

2. Effectively deal with peer pressure. The biggest reason teens start using
drugs is because friends utilize peer pressure. No one likes to be left out, and
teens (and yes, some adults, too) find themselves doing things they normally
wouldn’t do, just to fit in. In these cases, one need to either find a better group
of friends that won’t pressure one into doing harmful things, or you need to find
a good way to say no. Teens should prepare a good excuse or plan ahead of
time, to keep from giving into tempting situations.

3. Deal with life pressure. People today are overworked and overwhelmed, and
often feel like a good break or a reward is deserved. But in the end, drugs only
make life more stressful — and many of them all too often fail to recognize this
in the moment. To prevent using drugs as a reward, find other ways to handle
stress and unwind. Take up exercising, read a good book, volunteer with the
needy, and create something. Anything positive and relaxing helps take the
mind off using drugs to relieve stress.

4. Seek help for mental illness. Mental illness and substance abuse often go
hand-in-hand. Those with a mental illness may turn to drugs as a way to ease
the pain. Those suffering from some form of mental illness, such as anxiety,
depression or post-traumatic stress disorder should seek the help of a trained
professional for treatment before it leads to substance abuse.

5. Examine the risk factors. If one is aware of the biological, environmental

and physical risk factors one possess, he or she may more likely to overcome
them. A history of substance abuse in the family, living in a social setting that
glorifies drug abuse and/or family life that models drug abuse can be risk
factors.

6. Keep a well-balanced life. People take up drugs when something in their life
is not working, or when they’re unhappy about their lives or where their lives
are going. Look at life’s big picture, and have priorities in order.
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describe the research design population of the study sample
and sampling techniques instrument for data collection validity and
reliability of the instrument method of data collection method of data
analysis

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will utilized descriptive survey design which will permets the
investigation of the current status of the phenomenon from a population
who would supply the required information and to whom that is
generalizable.
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

Target population for this study consisted of all the students f college of
health technology pankshin

1.4 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sampling techniques that will be use in this study is simple random

sampling techniques. Gemson, (2009) quoted Ejifugha (1998) positing that
where population is few thousand,five to ten percent (5-10%)of them will
do to determine the sample size . Based on the population 5% sample size
of the students was selected at random.

3.4 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

Instrument used for data collection was self constructed questionnaire

textbook, computer and college library reflecting the objective of the study.
The question will be divided n to two sections. That is A and B respectively.
Sections comprises of respondents personal data while sections B has ten
items based on the objective of the study.

3.5 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The method of data collection will be achieved

through primary method. During collection of
data a formal letter will be giving to the Dean of
students afeirs so as to gain access to collect
data and ensure 100% return rate which last
for two weeks.

3.6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

All the accepted copies of the questionnaire

returned were processed and analyzed using
percentages to answer the research
questions.the results were presented in the
frequency distribution table.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

TABLE 4.1 SHOWS THE RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESIS I

(Do students have useful knowledge about the effect of narcotic drugs?)

STUDENT STAFF TOTAL

YES 105 15 120
NO 50 0 50
TOTAL 150 15 165
(YES) PERCENTAGE 63.7 9 72.7
%
(NO) PERCENTAGE 27.2 0 27.2
%

The table 4.1 above shows that the results for Hypothesis 105 students
representing 63.7% and 15 staff representing 9% had the highest number of
respondents agreed that the students have useful knowledge about the effect
of narcotic drugs While 45 students representing 27.2% disagreed that fact
above.

This result corresponded with UNICEF (2012) that the students have useful
knowledge about the effect of narcotic drugs but due to the fact that the
students are addicted to the drugs they find it difficult to avoid the drugs.

TABLE 4.2 SHOWING THE RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESIS II

 . (Can the students be mentally-disoriented from the use of narcotic
drugs?)

STUDENT STAFF TOTAL

YES 97 15 112
NO 53 0 53
TOTAL 150 15 165
(YES) PERCENTAGE 58.8 9 67.8
%
(NO) PERCENTAGE 32.1 0 32.1
%

The table 4.2 above shows that the results for Hypothesis II stating that 97
students representing 58.8% and 15 staff representing 9% had the highest
number of respondents that the students be mentally-disoriented from the use
of narcotic drugs While 53 students representing 32.1% disbelieved that fact
above.

This result corresponded with WHO (2013) that the students be mentally-
disoriented from the use of narcotic drugs excessively.

Similarly, 15 staffs representing 9% had the highest number of respondents that

the students be mentally-disoriented from the use of narcotic drugs While 0
staffs representing 0 disbelieved that fact above.

TABLE 4.3 SHOWING THE RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESIS III

(Can the students drop out of school because of involvement into narcotic
drugs?

STUDENT STAFF TOTAL

YES 110 15 125
NO 40 0 40
TOTAL 150 15 165
(YES) PERCENTAGE 66.7 9 83
%
(NO) PERCENTAGE 24.2 0 24.2
%

The table 4.3 above shows that the results for Hypothesis III stating that
110 students representing 66.7% had the highest number of respondents
believed that the students can be drop out of school because of involvement
into narcotic drugs While 40 students representing 24.2% disbelieved the fact
above.

This result corresponded with UNICEF (2012) that the students can be drop out
of school because of involvement into narcotic drugs

Similarly, 15 staffs representing 9% had equal number of respondents and

believed that the students can be drop out of school because of involvement
into narcotic drugs. While 0% staff representing 0% disbelieved that fact
above.

TABLE 4.4 SHOWING THE RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESIS IV

(Can the addiction lead to the involvement into social vibes such as
prostitution, armed robbery, cultism? etc)

STUDENT STAFF TOTAL

YES 140 15 155
NO 10 0 10
TOTAL 150 15 165
(YES) PERCENTAGE 84.8 9% 93.8
%
(NO) PERCENTAGE 6 0% 6
%

The table 4.4 above shows that the results for Hypothesis IV stating that
140 students representing 84.8% had the highest number of respondents that
Can the addiction can lead to the involvement into social vices such as
prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc While 10 students representing 6%
disbelieved the fact above.

This result corresponded with WHO (2012) that the drugs addiction can lead
to the involvement into social vices such as prostitution, armed robbery, cultism
etc

Similarly,13 staffs representing 9% had the highest number of respondents

believed that the drugs addiction can lead to the involvement into social vices
such as prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc While 0 staffs representing
0% disbelieved the fact above

TABLE 4.5 SHOWING THE RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESIS IV

(Can narcotic drugs influence students to be rude in school and at home?)

STUDENT STAFF TOTAL

YES 120 15 135
NO 30 0 30
TOTAL 150 15 165
(YES) PERCENTAGE 72.7 9% 81.7
%
(NO) PERCENTAGE 18.2 0 18.2
%

The table 4.5 above shows that the results for Hypothesis V stating that
120 students representing 72.7% had the highest number of respondents that
narcotic drugs can influences students to be rude in school and at home
While 30 representing 18.2 disbelieved the fact above.

This result corresponded with UNICEF (2011) that narcotic drugs really
influences students to be rude in school and at home

Similarly,15 staffs representing 9% had the highest number of respondents

believed that the drugs addiction can lead to the involvement into social vices
such as prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc While 0 staffs representing
0% disbelieved the fact above

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

Narcotics are addictive drugs that reduce the user's perception of pain
and induce euphoria (a feeling of exaggerated and unrealistic well-being). The
English word narcotic is derived from the Greek narkotikos, which means
"numbing" or "deadening." Although the term can refer to any drug that
deadens sensation or produces stupor, it is commonly applied to the opioids—
that is, to all natural or synthetic drugs that act like morphine. It also referred
medically to any psychoactive compound with sleep-inducing properties. it has
since associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as
well as derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex.
The primary three are morphine, codeine, and thebaine (while thebaine itself is
only very mildly psychoactive, it is a crucial precursor in the vast majority of
semi-synthetic opioids, such as oxycodone). Legally speaking, the term
"narcotic" is imprecisely defined and typically has negative connotations.
Statutory classification of a drug as a narcotic often increases the penalties for
violation of drug control statutes. For example, although federal law classifies
both cocaine and amphetamines as "Schedule II" drugs, the penalty for
possession of cocaine is greater than the penalty for possession of
amphetamines because cocaine, unlike amphetamines, is classified as a narcotic
drugs.

Psychological effects of narcotics include:

 Calm or relaxed feeling

 Reduced anxiety

 Hallucinations or psychosis
  Positive outlook

 Feeling as if the user cannot get through the day without narcotics

Narcotics are highly addictive because many of these psychological effects are
perceived to be positive by the user. However, users quickly develop a
tolerance, which means the user needs a higher dose in order to achieve the
desired effect. Higher doses and prolonged use come with greater risk.

5.2 CONCLUSION

The table 4.1 above shows that the results for Hypothesis 105 students
representing 63.7% had the highest number of respondents agreed that the
students have useful knowledge about the effect of narcotic drugs While 45
students representing 27.2% disagreed that fact above.

Similarly, 15 staff srepresenting 9% had the highest number of respondents and

agreed that the students have useful knowledge about the effect of narcotic
drugs While 0 staffs representing 0% disbelieved that fact above.

Addition, the table 4.2 above shows that the results for Hypothesis II
stating that 97 students representing 58.8% had the highest number of
respondents that the students be mentally-disoriented from the use of
narcotic drugs While 53 students representing 32.1% disbelieved that fact
above.

Similarly, 15 staffs representing 9% had the highest number of respondents that

the students be mentally-disoriented from the use of narcotic drugs While 0
staffs representing 0% disbelieved that fact above.
 Addition, the table 4.3 above shows that the results for Hypothesis III
stating that 110 students representing 66.7% had the highest number of
respondents believed that the students can be drop out of school because of
involvement into narcotic drugs While 40 students representing 24.2%
disbelieved the fact above.

Similarly, 15 staffs representing 7.3% had equal number of respondents and

believed that the students can be drop out of school because of involvement
into narcotic drugs. While 0 staff representing 0% disbelieved that fact above.

More so, The table 4.4 above shows that the results for Hypothesis IV
stating that 140 students representing 84.8% had the highest number of
respondents that Can the addiction can lead to the involvement into social
vices such as prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc While 10 students
representing 6% disbelieved the fact above.

Similarly,15 staffs representing 9% had the highest number of respondents

believed that the drugs addiction can lead to the involvement into social vices
such as prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc While 0 staffs representing
0% disbelieved the fact above

Conclusively, The table 4.5 above shows that the results for Hypothesis V
stating that 120 students representing 72.7% had the highest number of
respondents that narcotic drugs can influences students to be rude in school
and at home While 30 representing 18.2 disbelieved the fact above.

Similarly, 15 staffs representing 9% had the highest number of respondents

believed that the drugs addiction can lead to the involvement into social vices
such as prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc While 0 staffs representing
0% disbelieved the fact above
5.3 RECOMMENDATION

It’s recommended that students should avoid narcotic drugs as this will
go a long to affect their studies in school. Also, students should be aware of the
negative effects from the narcotic drugs as it might affect their mental alertness
and stability. Furthermore, students should refrain from cultism being a
platform for drugs addiction and armed Robbery activities and as well as
prostitutions.

It is recommended that both the Government and the school management

should enact laws against the, production, supplying, handling and usage of
narcotic drugs in federal polytechnic idahkogi state. It is recommended that the
Government should set up a developmental and rehabilitative center for the
management of narcotic drug users. Therein, such rehabilitation involves
vocational rehabilitation and well possible psychotherapy to addict is put in plac

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 Plateau State College of Health Technology

Pankshin P.M.B 013,

Pankshin LGA

Plateau State

The Respondent

Plateau State College of Health TechnologyPankshin

Plateau state

Dear respondent,

I VICTOR JIMMY, a student of Plateau State College of Health

Technology Pankshin in the Department of Community Health wish to embark
on this research work titled:- The knowledge and awareness of the effects of
narcotic drug use among students of Plateau State College of Health
Technology Pankshin in fulfillment of diploma in Community Health (CHEW)

I hereby solicit for your support to enable me gather vital information that will
help me to actualize my findings and with the promise that all information given
will strictly be used for academic purpose alone

Thanks for your cooperation

Yours Faithfully,

_____________________
 APPENDIX 1

SECTION A

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

INSTRUCTION; Please tick the appropriate column provided below;

1. SEX (a) Male ( ) (b) Female ( )

2. Religion; (a) Muslim ( ) (b) Christian ( ) (c) Traditional ( )

3. Marital status (a) Married ( ) (b) single ( ) (c) Divorced ( )

4. Age (a) 15-20 ( ) (b) 21-25 ( ) (c) 26-30 ( ) (d) 31-above ( )

SECTION B

GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND

AWARENESS ON THE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF NARCOTIC
DRUGS
5. Do students have useful knowledge about the effect of narcotic drugs?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
6. Can the students be mentally-disoriented from the use of narcotic drugs?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
7. Can the students drop out of school because of involvement into narcotic
drugs?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
8. Can the addiction lead to the involvement into social vices such as
prostitution, armed robbery, cultism etc?
(b) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
9. Can narcotic drugs influences students to be rude in school and at home?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
10.Is there any rehabilitative centre in plateu college of technology
pankshin?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
11.Is there any laws guiding the usage of narcotic drugs in Plateau State
College of Health Technology Pankshin?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
12.Are students involved in production and supplying of narcotic drugs in
the school?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
13.Does the cost of narcotic drugs very cheap to purchase on campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
14.Does the school management promote the use of narcotic drugs on
campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO
15.Are the female students involved in narcotic drugs usage and handling on
campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
16.Can the Government curb the supply and importation of narcotic drug
into the country?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
17.Can the SUG of plateau state college of health technology pankshin enact
laws against the utilization of cannibal by the students?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
18.Does the effect of narcotic drugs really results to death on the CHTP
students on campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
19.Are the medical Doctors in support of the students to frequently use
narcotic drugs on campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
20.Are the male students really involves with the usage of narcotic drugs on
campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
21.Do the parents of the students of Plateau State College of Health
Technology Pankshin teach the students on how to use narcotic drugs?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )

22.Are there different kinds or types of narcotic drugs found in Plateau State
College of Health Technology Pankshin?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
23.Can these menaces from narcotic drugs be eliminated from the campus?
(a) YES ( ) (b) NO ( )
 APPENDIX 11

PICTURE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS