Immigration: and Expansion in The United States

WEEKLY LAUNCH: TIME LINE
INTERACTIVITY
IMMIGRATION
and Expansion in
the United States
1882: Congress passes the
Chinese Exclusion Act to ban
Chinese immigration.
1892: Ellis Island opens

in New York to process
immigrants coming from
Europe.
1620: Pilgrims from England sail

the Mayflower to North America to
establish a new colony.
Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

1848: Americans and immigrants
rush to California when gold is
discovered.
1830–1850: 2.5 million immigrants 1862: The Homestead Law grants land in the
sail from Ireland and Germany to the West to families who claim it. Settlers move
United States. farther and farther west.
14
W EEK
1
Weekly Question
What motivates people

to leave a place they
call home?
Quick Write What stories do

you know that are about people
who leave their native homes?
Which of those stories are the
most powerful? Why?
1910: Angel Island Immigration Station

opens in California to process immigrants
arriving from Asia.
1940: Angel Island closes.
1943: The Chinese Exclusion

Act is repealed.
1954: Ellis Island closes.
15
GENRE: INFORMATIONAL TEXT
Learning Goal
Spotlight on Genre
I can learn more
about informational
texts by analyzing
Informational Text
main ideas and
details.
An informational text gives factual information
about a topic. It includes
• Main ideas, or the most important ideas about
the topic
• Details, which support the main idea
• Text features, such as the title, headings, bold
words, images, and other clues to main ideas
and
TURN TALK Describe a nonfiction text that you
read recently. Use the anchor chart to tell whether
To figure out the text you read is an informational text. Then take
the topic of a text, look notes on your class discussion.
at the title, headings,
and pictures for My NOTES
repeated ideas.
16
17
READING WORKSHOP
Meet the Authors
As a member
of Angel Island The Path to Paper Son
Immigration
Station Foundation, and Louie Share Kim,
researcher Grant
Din helps people Paper Son
learn more about
their families’
histories.
As a child, Barbara
Preview Vocabulary
D. Krasner wrote
As you read the texts, pay attention to these
stories and articles
for her friends. vocabulary words. Notice how they relate to the
Now she writes main ideas and details in the texts.
about history for
magazines such
as Cobblestone citizens immigration
and Highlights for
Children. opportunity processing admitted
Read
Before you begin, establish a purpose for reading.
Readers of informational texts follow these
strategies when they read a text the first time.

Notice Generate Questions
who and what the by marking confusing
texts are about. parts.
First
Read
Connect Respond
ideas within the texts by marking parts you
to what you already find interesting or
know. surprising.
18
Genre
Informational Text
The Path to Paper Son

by Grant Din
Louie Share Kim, Paper Son

by Barbara D. Krasner
AUDIO
ANNOTATE
19
CLOSE READ
The Path to Paper Son
Analyze Main by Grant Din
Ideas and
Details 1 Most of the Chinese workers who came to the United
Underline sentences that States in the mid-1800s were men. Half of them were
give more information
about why “paper sons” married, with wives, and sometimes children, who had
started. been left behind in China. The Chinese Exclusion Act
of 1882 prohibited Chinese laborers from sending for
their families to join them in the United States. But
citizens people who merchants and U.S. citizens were allowed to do so.
belong to a particular
place
So each time a member of those groups returned to
China for a visit, they often reported the birth of a son
immigration the act of or two to the immigration authorities when they came
moving to a new country
back. The claim created immigration slots, which could
to live there
be used to bring another Chinese to America.
2 In 1906, a major earthquake and fire destroyed

much of San Francisco (below), including the city’s
Hall of Records. With the city’s birth records destroyed,
opportunity an some Chinese saw an opportunity. They claimed that
agreeable situation
they had been born in San Francisco and that they had
or chance
a wife and so many sons in China.
20
CLOSE READ
3 Sometimes the son was truly related, and sometimes
the “son” might be a nephew or another relative.
Often, the identity was sold to an unrelated person Use Text
who lived near the “father’s” Chinese village. When
Evidence
Highlight text evidence
a “paper son” bought an identity, he also purchased that supports a main
a coaching book or notes that provided both the idea.
questions and answers that might be asked during processing a series of

immigration processing. The paper son’s job was to steps in a legal action
memorize the answers.

Vocabulary in
4 Paper son documents were worth thousands of Context
Context clues are words
dollars. Families borrowed money to make it possible
and phrases around an
for a child to make the trip. It often took several years unfamiliar phrase that
of hard work to repay the debt. help readers understand
the phrase.
Underline context
clues that help you
understand the meaning
Did You of the phrase birthright
Know? citizenship.
In 1868,
the 14th
Constituti Amendm
on estab ent to th
lished tha e
born in th t anyone
e United
U.S. citize States is
nship. In granted
Chinese W 1898, Am
ong Kim erican-bo
Ark won rn
Cour t cas a U.S. Su
e that rea p reme
Af ter he ffirmed th
made a tr at law.
governm ip to Chin
ent denie a, the U.S
d his read .
into the c mission
ountry. H
his case, e appeale
and his b d
citizenship ir thright
was uphe
ld.
21
Louie Share Kim, Paper Son
by Barbara D. Krasner
Louie Share Kim,

age 14
Louie Share Jung, paper

father to Share Kim
CLOSE READ
1 Fourteen-year-old Louie Share Kim arrived at the
Use Text Angel Island Immigration Station from Guangdong
Evidence Province, China, in 1916. He had traveled alone on a
Look at the images. journey that took nearly a month to cross the Pacific
Highlight words and
Ocean. He had little schooling, no job skills, and no
phrases in the text that
show how the images place to live, and he did not speak any English. Yet
support the main idea. his family pinned all their hopes on him to become

a success in America. His father made sure he even
looked American in his passport photograph by
making him wear a suit and tie.
2 But Louie Share Kim really had two fathers—or so it

seemed. The Chinese Exclusion Act, in effect from 1882
to 1943, stopped all Chinese laborers from entering the
United States. Only diplomats, merchants, students,
teachers, visitors, and those claiming U.S. citizenship
were able to enter from China. To get around the law,
many immigrants from China claimed to be related to
a merchant or a U.S. citizen—on paper only.
22
Angel Island Immigration Station
might have looked like this when
Share Kim arrived as a child.
CLOSE READ
3 Share Kim became a “paper son” of Louie Share
Jung in America. Share Jung was a U.S. citizen born in Analyze Main
San Francisco who frequently traveled to China. Share Ideas and
Kim’s father made arrangements to have Share Jung Details
claim Share Kim as his son. In the village where their Underline information
that helps you analyze
two families lived only two houses away from each the challenges of the
other, everyone was related. Share Jung had known “paper son” immigration
process.
Share Kim since birth.
4 At Angel Island, officials detained Share Kim. They

interrogated him and Share Jung. They asked question
after question about their family history and their
village’s layout. Once satisfied with the answers, Share
Kim was allowed entry to America. He received his
Certificate of Identity, which stated he was admitted admitted granted
access to a place
as the “son of a native.”
23
Share Kim’s wife and children
were detained at Angel Island.
24
CLOSE READ
5 When Share Kim was 20 years old, his real father
wrote him a letter from China. “Dear Number One
Son,” the letter began, referring to Share Kim as the Analyze Main
eldest son. “It is time to come home.” Now considered
Ideas and
Details
a “son of a native,” Share Kim could visit his village
Underline details that
in China and know that he would be readmitted into support the main idea
the United States. He arrived in China on a Tuesday. that the immigration
process was complicated
He was married on Saturday to a woman chosen by and challenging for
his parents and whom he had never seen before. They paper sons.
had a son who died as a baby.
6 Share Kim returned to America to work. In 1924

and in 1929, he returned to China to visit his village
and see his wife. They had two children, Wanda and
Sherman. After each visit, Share Kim returned to the
United States to work. In 1935, he decided to bring his
family to America. He and his wife offered a 12-year-
old boy in the village the opportunity to go with them.
They gave the boy the name John. John became their
paper son.
7 Share Kim knew there would be another

interrogation. Officials detained and questioned all
new immigrants. He put together a book for his wife
so they could coordinate their stories and make certain

that they gave the same answers during questioning.
The coaching book contained information about
names and birth dates of all family members, the
location of the home village and its environment,
dates of Share Kim’s travels to China, and more.
Any wrong answers could lead to deportation. As
expected, Share Kim’s wife and children were detained
at Angel Island. Officials questioned each member
of the family, even six-year-old Sherman, and they
brought Share Kim in a second time for questioning.
25
CLOSE READ
8 Sam Louie, the youngest son of Share Kim who was
born later in San Francisco, says, “The interrogation
Use Text was a nervous process for everyone.” Louie is a retired
Evidence educator and volunteer at Angel Island Immigration
Highlight details in
the text that support Station. In July 2015, the Angel Island Immigration
a main idea about the Station Foundation hosted a family history/reunion day
opportunities and risks
for paper sons.
event. Portraying his father, Louie shared his story. He
says, “Many Chinese, including my father, claimed to
be ‘a son of a native’ so they could come to America
to seek a better life for themselves and their family.
They were, in fact, only sons on paper, an affidavit the
‘father’ signed—thus the term paper son.”
9 Louie showed his father’s Certificate of Identity. He

explains that for Share Kim to claim his birth record, he
had to find two witnesses who would testify that they
knew him as a child. Louie says, “The witnesses had to
be white because Chinese were not trusted.”
10 Share Kim had a “twin” paper brother. But when the

two boys were placed next to each other, it seemed
clear they were not twins at all. Share Kim was much
taller. The “twin” was deported back to China, where
he died two years later.

11 Some Chinese scholars estimate that 80 percent of
Chinese in America had a paper son in their family
history. Louie adds, “I knew as a child growing up that
I was never to reveal to others that my father was a
paper son for fear that we might all get deported.”
26
The lack of resemblance between Share Kim (left) and his “twin” brother
made officials determine that they were not related.
Share Kim’s Certificate of Identity makes note of a “pit over left eyebrow”
under “physical marks and peculiarities.”
27
28
CLOSE READ
12 “My parents never talked to me about their
immigration experience,” he says. “I never even knew
they were detained at the Angel Island Immigration Vocabulary in
Station until after my mother passed away at the
Context
Underline context
age of 98 in 2003.” Louie conducted research at the clues that help you
National Archives and Records Administration in understand the meaning
of the word transcript.
San Bruno, California. He found a transcript of the
interrogation of his mother and siblings during their
detainment. The transcript was 42 single-spaced
typed pages.
13 Louie says, “Many of my friends and relatives said

their parents never talked about their immigration
experience either. I suspect those experiences were
painful, something they would rather forget.”
Sam Louie shares his family’s story as a volunteer

at the Angel Island Immigration Station.
29
VOCABULARY
Develop Vocabulary
An informational text uses academic and domain-specific words and phrases
to explain a topic. These words help the reader build knowledge around
a topic.
My TURN Write a sentence for each word. Each sentence should include the
vocabulary word and explain how it relates to the topic of immigration.
citizens opportunity
immigration
Immigration is the act of moving

to a new country to live there.
processing admitted
30
COMPREHENSION READING WORKSHOP
Check for Understanding

My TURN Look back at the text to answer the questions.
1. How do you know that “The Path to Paper Son” and “Louie Share Kim,
Paper Son” are informational texts? Give three examples.
2. What do you think the author’s purpose was for writing “The Path to
Paper Son”? What do you think the author’s purpose was for writing
“Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”? How do you know?
3. What can you conclude about Sam Louie’s parents’ immigration

experience based on information in the selection? Use text evidence.
4. Compare Louie Share Kim’s two immigration experiences. How were they
similar? How were they different?
31
CLOSE READ
Analyze Main Ideas and Details

Main ideas are the most important ideas about a topic. Details and
other evidence support the main ideas.
1. M y TURN Go to the Close Read notes in “The Path to Paper Son”

and “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son” and underline the parts that
help you understand the main ideas and details of both texts.
2. Text Evidence Use the parts you underlined to complete the chart.
“The Path to Paper Son” “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”
Main Idea
Chinese immigrants used the “paper

son” system to come to the United
States.
Details
Analyze how the details support the main ideas.
32
READING WORKSHOP
Use Text Evidence

Identify and analyze the author’s main ideas and supporting details to
better understand the text. Check that the main ideas you identify can
be supported by text evidence, or the actual words of the text.
1. M y TURN Go back to the Close Read notes and highlight text

evidence that helps you identify main ideas.
2. Text Evidence Use your highlighted evidence to support your

analysis of both texts.
“The Path to Paper Son”
Main Idea Text Evidence
Documents for paper sons

were expensive.
“Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”
Main Idea Text Evidence
Analysis:
33
RESPOND TO TEXT
Reflect and Share

Talk About It “Paper sons” were among many
Chinese immigrants who left their home country to start
new lives in the United States. Consider all the texts you
have read this week. Talk about why people leave their
home countries. Before you share your thoughts, think
about what others have said and why they might feel
as they do. Respond thoughtfully. Ask relevant questions
based on others’ views.
Retell Texts Retell specific ideas in ways that maintain the

meaning and logical order of each text. Speak clearly and
naturally.
Allow others to add details and ask relevant questions about
the topic.
Respond with questions and comments that are useful, to
the point, and based on what your classmates say.
Use these sentence frames to guide your retelling:

Finally, Louie Share
First, a paper son Kim __________.
had to __________.
Weekly Question
What motivates people to leave a place they call home?
34
VOCABULARY READING-WRITING BRIDGE
Academic Vocabulary Learning Goal
Related words are forms of a word that share roots I can develop
knowledge about
or word parts. They can have different meanings language to make
based on how the word is used, such as immigrate, connections between
reading and writing.
immigrant, and immigration.
My TURN For each sentence,
1. Use print or digital resources, such as a dictionary

or thesaurus, to find related words.
2. Add a related word to the second column.
3. Complete the sentence with the correct related word.
Word Related Word Sentence with Related Word
insight insightfully The author wrote an insightful article about

insightful Chinese immigrants.
curious curiosity
_______________________________ Rashid’s _______________________________ about his
mother’s job led to a tour of her office.
passage passenger
passageway Lin walked through the narrow
_______________________________ _______________________________ between rooms.
wandered wander
wanderer He was known as a _______________________________ who
_______________________________ liked to explore new places.
adventure adventurous
adventuresome Maria’s love of skydiving showed her
_______________________________ _______________________________ personality.
35
WORD STUDY
Suffixes -ic, -ism, -ive

A suffix is a word part added to the end of a word or word part.
Suffixes change the meaning or part of speech of a word.
The word secret means “information that is kept from someone.” If

you know what secret means, you can figure out the meaning of the
word secretive. Secretive means “keeping information to oneself” or
“hiding something.”
My TURN Read each word part and meaning. Then use your
knowledge of suffixes to write a definition for each word.
athlete -ic athletic

a person who + associated with = associated with exercise
exercises a lot
hero -ism heroism

a brave person + act or process =
exclus- -ive exclusive

leave out
+ doing something
=
36
ANALYZE AUTHOR’S CRAFT READING-WRITING BRIDGE
Read Like a Writer

Authors choose text structures to support their purposes for writing.
A cause-and-effect text structure explains what happened and why.
A chronology, or time-order, text structure shows a sequence of events.
Model Reread paragraph 1 of “The Path to Paper Son.”
1. Identify Grant Din explains what happened in China and the United
States as a result of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.
2. Question What structure does he use to organize the text?
3. Conclude Grant Din explains the causes and effects of Chinese

immigration to the United States.
Reread paragraph 5 of “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son.”
My TURN Follow the steps to explain the text structure.
1. Identify Barbara D. Krasner presents information by

2. Question What structure does she use to organize the text?
3. Conclude Barbara D. Krasner uses

to
37
DEVELOP AUTHOR’S CRAFT
Use your task and
audience to choose
Write for a Reader a text structure for a
Writers use text structures to present ideas in a logical writing assignment.
way. Writers of historical texts often explain important
events using the cause-and-effect or the chronology text
structure. The cause-and-effect text structure explains
what happened and why. Signal words that show a
cause-and-effect structure include because, as a result,
and effect. The chronology text structure presents events
in the order they happened. Chronology signal words
include first, then, and finally.
My TURN Think about how the text structures chosen by

Grant Din and Barbara D. Krasner affect you as a reader.
Now choose a historical event to write a short paragraph
about. Decide on a text structure for your paragraph.
1. Introduce the historical event you will write about. Explain why you chose the
text structure you did.

2. Write a paragraph about the historical event you chose. Be sure to use signal
words that are appropriate to the text structure you use.
38
SPELLING READING-WRITING BRIDGE
Spell Words with Suffixes -ic, -ism, -ive

A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word that can
change the word’s meaning or part of speech. For example, adding
-ic to the noun hero changes the noun to the adjective heroic.
When you add -ic or -ive to a word that ends in e, drop the e. For
example, defense changes to defensive.
My TURN Read the words. Spell and sort the words in

alphabetical order.
SPELLING WORDS
heroic dramatic organism deflective

heroism artistic capitalism executive
comic historic federalism perspective
atomic tourism secretive narrative
kinetic realism defensive representative
39
LANGUAGE AND CONVENTIONS
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence tells one complete idea. It has one independent clause,
or a subject and a verb. A simple sentence begins with a capital letter and
ends with an end punctuation mark. A statement without a subject or a verb
is called a fragment. Writers edit to avoid fragments. A sentence that has
two independent clauses connected by a comma is called a comma splice.
Writers can use end punctuation to separate a comma splice into two simple
sentences. There are four kinds of simple sentences.
Use Example
Declarative tells something Ana plays soccer every

Saturday.
Interrogative asks a question Are you playing soccer

this Saturday?
Exclamatory shows strong feeling I love soccer!
Imperative gives a command or makes Go to soccer practice

a request on Saturday.

My TURN Edit this draft for fragments and splices. Then revise to
include one interrogative sentence, one exclamatory sentence, and one
imperative sentence.
The Pilgrims. Left England in 1620 to practice religious freedom.
They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, the Mayflower landed on
Cape Cod instead of Virginia. The trip was stormy and difficult.
The journey. Lasted for 66 days. There are books in the library
about the Pilgrims.
40
PERSONAL NARRATIVE WRITING WORKSHOP
Analyze a Personal Narrative Learning Goal
A personal narrative tells about an experience in the I can use elements

of narrative writing
author’s life. to write a personal
narrative.
My TURN Use a personal narrative you have read to
fill in the chart.

The narrator is the author, the person the personal narrative is about.
Who is the main person in the text? What did you learn about him or her?

A topic is what the author is writing about.
What event or experience is the writer writing about?
The setting is when and where the events happened.
Where do the events take place?

Outline the sequence of events, or what happens and in what order.
First
Next
Last
41
PERSONAL NARRATIVE
Know the Narrator

The narrator of a personal narrative is the author. An author uses
details and dialogue to show the thoughts, feelings, and actions of
the people involved. Use these details to understand the narrator’s
relationships with other people in the narrative.
My TURN Think about a personal narrative you have read. Write

what you learned about the author and any other important
people. Include text evidence in your response.
Name
Text Evidence
He or she says
He or she does
He or she thinks or feels
What does the

author show through
words and actions?
42
WRITING WORKSHOP
Analyze Setting and

Sequence of Events
A sequence of events in a personal narrative is the real
experiences the author tells about. The setting is where
and when the events take place. The setting may affect
the events.
My TURN Work with a partner. Read a new personal

narrative from your classroom library. Explain the setting
and the sequence of events in the personal narrative.
Setting
Where do the events happen?
When do the events happen?
Events
What happens, and in what order?
What is the main problem or conflict the writer experiences?
What does the writer learn or do as a result of the experience?
43
PERSONAL NARRATIVE
Brainstorm a Topic
Before you begin writing, consider your task, purpose, and audience.
My TURN Answer the questions and brainstorm details as you prepare to

write your personal narrative.
Task What are you being asked to do?
Purpose What is the purpose of your personal narrative: to inform, entertain,

or persuade?
Audience Who will read your personal narrative? What questions might your
readers have? How do you want readers to react?

Authors think of ideas before they begin drafting their writing. One way to
gather ideas is by brainstorming.
The topic is what you write about. A topic for a personal narrative is often an
event or experience that is important to the writer.
Brainstorm details about one experience you could write about. Highlight
your topic.
44
WRITING WORKSHOP
Plan Your Personal Narrative

Authors sometimes freewrite to generate ideas for their stories. Thinking of
many ideas at once can help you focus on the most interesting or meaningful
events and experiences in your personal narrative.
My TURN Follow the freewriting steps to find ideas for your personal narrative.
Think about the topic you chose to write about. BEFORE YOU BEGIN
Consider your purpose for writing: to persuade,

to inform, or to entertain.
Think about who your audience is.
START WRITING
Begin writing about your experience.
Continue writing until the timer goes off.
Write every idea that comes into your head.
Write ideas, and do not worry about writing complete sentences.
Do not stop to fix spelling or grammar at this point.
REVIEW YOUR FREEWRITE

Reread your freewrite.

Highlight the best ideas to include in your personal narrative.
Use the best details as you continue to plan.
Work with your Writing Club to discuss DISCUSS YOUR PLAN

your writing plan.
Talk about how the freewrite helped your ideas start to flow.
45

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WEEKLY LAUNCH: TIME LINE

1892: Ellis Island opens

1620: Pilgrims from England sail

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

What motivates people

Quick Write What stories do

1910: Angel Island Immigration Station

1940: Angel Island closes.

1943: The Chinese Exclusion

1954: Ellis Island closes.

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

The Path to Paper Son

Louie Share Kim, Paper Son

2 In 1906, a major earthquake and fire destroyed

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

questions and answers that might be asked during processing a series of

memorize the answers.

Louie Share Kim,

Louie Share Jung, paper

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

2 But Louie Share Kim really had two fathers—or so it

Share Kim since birth.

4 At Angel Island, officials detained Share Kim. They

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

had a son who died as a baby.

6 Share Kim returned to America to work. In 1924

7 Share Kim knew there would be another

so they could coordinate their stories and make certain

9 Louie showed his father’s Certificate of Identity. He

10 Share Kim had a “twin” paper brother. But when the

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

13 Louie says, “Many of my friends and relatives said

Sam Louie shares his family’s story as a volunteer

Immigration is the act of moving

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Check for Understanding

3. What can you conclude about Sam Louie’s parents’ immigration

experience based on information in the selection? Use text evidence.

Analyze Main Ideas and Details

1. M y TURN Go to the Close Read notes in “The Path to Paper Son”

“The Path to Paper Son” “Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”

Chinese immigrants used the “paper

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Analyze how the details support the main ideas.

Use Text Evidence

1. M y TURN Go back to the Close Read notes and highlight text

2. Text Evidence Use your highlighted evidence to support your

“The Path to Paper Son”

Main Idea Text Evidence

Documents for paper sons

“Louie Share Kim, Paper Son”

Main Idea Text Evidence

Reflect and Share

Retell Texts Retell specific ideas in ways that maintain the

Use these sentence frames to guide your retelling:

Copyright © Savvas Learning Company LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Academic Vocabulary Learning Goal

My TURN For each sentence,

1. Use print or digital resources, such as a dictionary

2. Add a related word to the second column.

3. Complete the sentence with the correct related word.

Word Related Word Sentence with Related Word

1. Use print or digital resources, such as a dictionary

2. Add a related word to the second column.

3. Complete the sentence with the correct related word.

2. Question What structure does he use to organize the text?

3. Conclude Grant Din explains the causes and effects of Chinese

1. Identify Barbara D. Krasner presents information by

2. Question What structure does she use to organize the text?

3. Conclude Barbara D. Krasner uses

Consider your purpose for writing: to persuade,

Reread your freewrite.

Work with your Writing Club to discuss DISCUSS YOUR PLAN