ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

INTRODUCTION
"Alternative therapy is treatments that are used instead of standard medical treatments." Example is
using a special diet to treat cancer instead of anticancer drugs that are prescribed by an oncologist.There
are so many alternatives ways of treatment in whole world other than allopathy. Alternative medicine
include various healing approaches and therapies that originate from around the world. Alternative
medicine include therapies and health care practices However many such practices are popular, and
some are used in hospital. Patient are most likely to seek alternative medicine for conditions such as
chronic low back-pain, stress, migraine, headaches, menopausal symptoms, cancer and arthritis.

DEFINITION
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ALTERNATIVE THERAPY

 Alternative medicine is the term commonly used to describe a broad range of healing
philosophies, approaches and therapies that focus on the whole person including bio-
psychosocial and spiritual aspect.

 The term “alternative medicine” describes any form of medicine or healing that does not fall
into conventional medical practice.
COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY

 "Complementary therapy is treatments that are used along with standard medical treatments but
are not considered to be standard treatments. “Example is using acupuncture to help lessen
some side effects of cancer treatment.

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO NCCAM, COMPLEMENTRY AND ALTERNATIVE

THERAPY
1. Alternative Medical Systems
2. Mind-Body Interventions
3. Biologically-Based Therapies
4. Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
5. Energy Therapies

1. ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS

Alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory and practice. Often, these
systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the conventional medical approach used.
It includes:-
i. Ayurveda
ii. Siddha
iii. Unani & Tibbi
iv. Homeopathy
v. Naturopathy

2. MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS
Mind-body medicine uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affect
bodily function and symptoms. Some techniques that were considered alternative in the past have
become main stream.
for example, patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Types of body mind interventions:-

i. Meditation and Breathing

ii. Relaxation
iii. Yoga

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 iv. Hypnosis
v. Bio-feedback
vi. Pet therapy

3. BIOLOGICALLY BASED THERAPY

Biologically based therapies in complementary and alternative medicine use substances found in
nature, such as herbs, foods, and vitamins. There are mainly following types of biological based
therapy:
i. Herbal Medicine
ii. Diet and Nutrition
iii. Orthomolecular Medicine

4. MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS

Manipulative and body-based methods in complementary and alternative medicine are based on
manipulation and/or movement of one or more parts of the body.
Types of Manipulative and body-based methods:-
i. Chiropractic
ii. Osteopathy
iii. Massage Therapy
iv. Reflexology

5. ENERGY THERAPIES
Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the
human body. The existence of such fields has not yet been scientifically proven. Some forms of energy
therapy manipulate biofields by applying pressure and/or manipulating the body by placing the hands
in, or through, these fields.
Types of energy therapies:-
i. Reiki
ii. Therapeutic Touch
iii. Bio-electromagnetic based Therapies

1. ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL SYSTEMS

Alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory and practice. Often, these
systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the conventional medical approach used.

AYURVEDA
Ayurveda is a system of healing based on homeopathy and naturopathy with an extensive use of
herbs. Ayurveda aids is maintaining good health, increasing longevity and overall quality life.
Ayurveda is the traditional medicine of India, which originated there over 5,000 years ago. Ayurveda
emphasizes re- establishing balance in the body through diet, lifestyle, exercise, and body cleansing,
and on the health of the mind, body, and spirit.

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Meaning:-

In Sanskrit word Ayurveda consists of the ward ayes, meaning ‘life’ and Veda, meaning ‘related to
knowledge’ or science.

According to Ayurveda, everything is composed of five elements: air, water, fire, earth, and space.
These elements combine to form the three doshas i.e.

Vata
Kapha
Pitta

The Vata dosha

 The vata dosha is a combination of space and air.
 It controls movement and is responsible for basic body processes such as breathing, cell
division and circulation.
 Vata body areas are the large intestine, pelvis, bones, skin, ears, and thighs. People with vata as
their main dosha are believed to be quick-thinking, thin, and fast, and are susceptible to anxiety,
dry skin, and constipation.

The Kapha dosha

 The kapha dosha represents the elements of water and earth. 
 Kapha is believed to be responsible for strength, immunity, and growth.
 Kapha body areas are the chest, lungs, and spinal fluid. People with kapha as their main dosha
are thought to be calm, have a solid body frame, and are susceptible to diabetes, obesity, sinus
congestion, and gallbladder problems.
The Pitta dosha
 The pitta dosha combines fire and water.
 It is thought to control hormones and the digestive system.
 Pitta body areas are the small intestines, stomach, sweat glands, skin, blood, and eyes. People
with pitta as their primary dosha are thought to have a fiery personality, oily skin, and are
susceptible to heart disease, stomach ulcers, inflammation, heartburn, and arthritis.

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An ayurvedic treatment plan include:-
 Massage
 Exercise
 Meditation
 Yoga
 Herbal medicine
 Cleansing and detoxification
 Diet
Ayurvedic medicines for various ailments:-
 Dengue
 Cough and Cold
 Cholera
 Chicken Pox
 Cancer
 Bronchitis
 Blood Dysentery
 Bleeding Gums
 Back Ache
 Asthma
 Arthritis
 Anemia
SIDDHA MEDICINE

INTRODUCTION
The siddha medicine is a form of south Indian Tamil traditional medicine and part of Trio Indian
Medicine- ayurveda, siddha &unani.Lord shri akshunna, aamster of northern siddha tradition, says there
is use of siddha medicine in the north Indian part or rather in Himalayan region as jharphuk and siddha
buti (medicine) tantra. This system is believed to be developed by the 9 nath& 84 siddhas in the north
and 18 siddhas in the south called siddhar.

Siddha medicine is one of the most ancient medical systems of India. Siddha is the mother medicine
of ancient Tamils/Dravidians of peninsular South India. The word Siddha means established truth. as
well as alchemy and mysticism.

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Father of siddha medicine is- “AGASTHIYA GURU”

DEFINITION
The Siddha system is based on a combination of ancient medicinal practices and spiritual disciplines as
well as alchemy and mysticism.

CONCEPT
Healthy soul can only be developed through a healthy body. Sothey developed methods and meditation
that are believed to strengthen their physical body and there by their souls. Men and women who
dedicated their lives into developing the system were called siddharas. They practiced intense yogic
practices, including years of fasting & meditation & believed to have achieved super natural powers and
gained the supreme wisdom and overall immortality.

THEORY & PRINCIPLE’S

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This principles and doctrines of this system, both fundamental and applied, have a close similarity to
ayurveda, with specialization in iatro- chemistry. According to this system the human body is the replica
of the universe and so are the food and drugs irrespective of their origin.

 The five major concept of panchmahabhutas, are named as nilam, neer, neruppu, kattru, and veli
which are respectively in hands known as prithivi (earth), Appu(water), Theyu(fire), Vayu(air),
and Akash(sky).

 Imbalance ratio of panchmahabhutas may cause disease.

 The food is considered to be basic building material of human body which gets processed into
humors, body tissues and waste products.
 Based on principles of triguna – vata, pitta, &kapha.

1. Vata:- Increased vata develops flatulence, acidity, dysentery, obesity etc. individual shows
arogent behavior, partial paralysis, heart attack, neck & chest pain etc.

2. Pitta:-Increased pitta results in early graying of hairs, reddish eyes, & more sexual desire.
Individual suffer from anemia, burning chest, mental de-arrangement etc.
3. Kapha:-More affinity towards sweet food and sex. Increased kapha develops like-jaundice,
heart attack, fever, anemia etc.

 Believed as its origin itself in fetal develop Stages in mother’s womb

 These imbalanced due to nutritional, physical, and environmental conditions.

DIAGNOSIS
In diagnosis, examinations of eight items are:

1. NA (TONGUE): Black in vatha, yellow or red in pitha, white in kapha ulcerated in anaemia.

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 2. VARNA (COLOUR): Dark in vatha, yellow or red in pitha, pale in kapha.
3. SVARA (VOICE): Normal in vatha, high pitched in pitha, low pitched in kapha, slurred in
alcoholism.
4. KAN (EYES):Muddy conjunctiva, yellowish or red in pitha, pale in kapha.
5. SPARISAM (TOUCH): Dry in vatha, warm in pitha, chill in kapha, sweating in different parts
of the body.
6. MALA (STOOL): Black stools indicate vatha, yellow pitha, pale in kapha, dark red in ulcer and
shiny in terminal illness.
7. NEER (URINE): Early morning urine is examined; straw colour indicates indigestion, reddish
yellow excessive heat, rose in blood pressure, saffron colour in jaundice and looks like meat
washed water in renal disease.
8. NADI (PULSE): The confirmatory method recorded on the radial art.

ETIOLOGY
It is assumed that when the normal equilibrium of three humors (vatha, pitha and kapha) is disturbed,
disease is caused. The factors are-

 Environment
 Climatic conditions
 Diet
 Physical activities
 stress

TREATMENT
The treatment in siddha medicine is aimed at keeping the three humors in equilibrium and maintenance
of seven elements. So proper diet, medicine and a disciplined regimen of life are advised for a healthy
living and to restore equilibrium of humors in diseased condition.

1. INTERNAL MEDICINE: Internal medicine was used through the oral route and further
classified in to 32 categories based on their form, methods of preparation, shelf life etc.
2. EXTERNAL MEDICINE: External includes certain forms of drugs and also certain
applications like nasal, eye and ear drops and also certain procedures like leech application. It
also classified in to 32 categories.

The treatment should be commenced as early as possible after assessing the course and cause of
the disease. Treatment is classified into three categories:

 Devamaruthuvum (divine method)

 Manudamaruthuvum (rational method)
 Asuramaruthuvum (surgical method)

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 1. DEVAMARUTHUVUM (DIVINE METHOD): In divine method, medicine like parpam,
chendooram, guru, luligai made of mercury, sulfer and pashanams are used.
2. MANUDAMARUTHUVUM (RATIONAL METHOD): In this method, medicinesmade of
herbs like churanam, kudineer, vadagamare used.
3. ASURAMARUTHUVUM (SURGICAL METHOD): In this method, incision, excision, heat
application, blood letting, leech application are used.

DIET DURING TREATMENT

1. Patthya: Some restrictions on the diet during treatment. Avoiding certain food types which
otherwise aggravate the balance of triguna and disturb the curative abilities of medicine.
2. No restrictions for wheat, milk, ghee, pulse, tender, vegetables

THERAPIES
According to therapies the treatment of siddha medicines could be furthercategorizged into following
categories-

 Purgative therapy
 Emetic therapy
 Fasting therapy
 Steam therapy
 Oleation therapy
 Physical therapy
 Solar therapy
 Blood letting therapy
 Yoga therapy

1. PURAGATIVE THERAPY:-Cleansing the body of toxins by taking laxatives.

2. EMETIC THERAPY:-It is the use of drugs that produce aversive states when combined with
problem behaviors or stimuli. 
3. FASTING THERAPY:-Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all
food, drink, or both, for a period of time.
4. STEAM THERAPY:-Steam inhalation is one of the most widely used home remedies to soothe
and open the nasal passages and get relief from the symptoms of a cold or sinus infection.
5. OLEATION THERAPY:-Snehana, or Oleation Therapy, is one of the most important
therapies that prepares the body to receive specialized Panchakarma treatment. It involves
the application of medicated oils, ghee and herbs to the body internally and externally for three
to seven days.
6. PHYSICAL THERAPY:-Physical therapists help injured or ill people improve movement and
manage pain. They are often an important part of preventive care, rehabilitation, and treatment
for patients with chronic conditions, illnesses, or injuries.

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7. SOLARTHERAPY:Use of sunlight (and more generally) light from any source to provide palli
ation of disease; usually for dermatologic disorders, but sometimes used in seasonal affective dis
order.
8. BLOOD LETTING THERAPY:-Bloodletting (or blood-letting) is the withdrawal
of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease. Bloodletting, whether by a
physician or by leeches, was based on an ancient system of medicine in which blood and other
bodily fluids were regarded as "humours" that had to remain in proper balance to maintain
health. 

9. YOGA THERAPY:-Yoga therapy is a type of therapy that uses yoga postures, breathing
exercises, meditation, and guided imagery to improve mental and physical health.

UNANI MEDECINE

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INTRODUCTION
Unani medicine is one of the oldest medicine in the world.It is still practiced in all parts of the world but
mostly is it practiced in India. Unanimedicine is an ancient form of medicine first developed by the
Greeks in 460 BC. It then spread throughout the Roman empire by notable scientists such as Galen (201
AD). With the fall of the Roman empire came the decline in unani medicine.

Unaani (in Arabic, Hindustani, Persian, Pashtu, Urdu, etc) means "Greek". It derives from the Greek
word “Ionian”, the Greek name of the Asia Minor coastline, from the Arabic word for Greece: "al-
Yunaan".Hippocrates are the people who freed the medicine from realm of Superstition and Magic and
gave it the status of Science.Hippocrates are regarded as the "Father Of Unani Medicine” .

PRINCIPLES OF UNANI SYSTEM

The Unani medicine is divided into two parts :-

 Theory

 Practice

Theory is divided into three parts

 The Theory of Naturals

 The Theory of Causes

 The Theory of signs

 NATURALS

There are seven things which are natural, they are ..

 Elements (arkan) .

 Temperaments (mizaj) .

 Humors (akhlat) .

 Organs (aza)

 Forces (arwah)

 Actions (afa'al)

 Spirits (quva)

ELEMENTS

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 There are four basic elements on which unani system of medicine depends

 Fire (aag)

 Air (hawa)

 Water (pani)

 Earth (mitti)

TEMPERAMENTS

There are nine kinds of temperaments in which eight are non-equable and one is equable. Of the
eight non- equable, four are singleHot, cold, wet, and dry,and four are compound:-

 Hot and dry

 hotand Wet.

 cold and dry.

 Cold and wet.

HUMARS

There are four kinds of humors:

 Blood (dam)

 Phlegm (balgham)

 Yellow bile (safra)

 Black bile (sauda)

ORGANS

There are four kinds of organs:

 Some are principal organs, comparable to elements and metals;

these are four:

 The Brain

 The Heart

 The Liver

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  The two Testicles (in the female, the two ovaries).

FORCES

There are three kinds of forces:

 Natural

 Vital

 Psychic

ACTIONS

There are two kinds of actions:

 Some are single: These are the actions that are achieved each by a single force, like attraction,
retention, digestion, and propulsion.

 Others are compound- These are achieved by two or more forces.

SPIRITS

There are three kinds of Spirits:

1.Natural spirit: Emanates from the liver, penetrates through the veins into the whole body, and is
servant to the natural forces.

2.Vital spirit: Emanates from the heart, penetrates through the arteries into the whole body, and is
servant to the vital forces.

3.Psychic spirit: Emanates from the brain, penetrates through the nerves into the whole body and is
servant to the psychic forces.

PREPARATIONS
Remedies are often provided by the practitioner or are obtained from a specialized herbalist. The
ingredients are mainly herbs and honey. It must be noted that the honey used will be raw and
unadulterated, rather than the type found in supermarkets, which is usually heat- treated.A famous and
widely used medicinal herb is black cumin (Nigella sativa), also known as Hab Al Baraka in Arabic,
which means blessed seed.

There are some main ingredients used for preparation of such medicine are :-

 Sambhaloo (Vitexnegundo Linn)

 Malkangani (CelastrusPaniculatusWilld)
 Khatmi (Althaeaofficinalis Linn)
 Asl-us- Soos (Glycyrrhizaglabra Linn)
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  Zafran (Crocus sativus Linn.)
 Sana (Cassia angustifoliaVahl./Cassia senna Linn)
 Neem (Azadirachtaindica A. Juss)
 Black cumin (Nigella sativa)
 Herbs and Honey
 Olive oil
 Flowers essential oils.

FOOD AS MEDICINE
In common with many traditional sources of medicine, Unani-Tibb emphasizes the use of flavors and
tastes to adjust the imbalances which contribute to disease. The choices of foods and the manner in
which they are prepared are considered to be among the most important issues to consider when
choosing a diet to improve or maintain health.

Skillful use of warming and cooling spices and herbs contribute heavily to the appropriateness of the
meal to correct the root causes of imbalances.Each ingredient in a meal affects the heat or cold balance
of the body differently and may also influence factors of the humouralsystem. The tastes, salty, sweet,
bitter, pungent, and sour also affect the humoural system, as do various qualities that are more subtle
than the five tastes normally considered.

FOOD AS POISON
Modern urban society accepts the concept of the business lunch, but this type of environment is
generally not a conducive atmosphere to digestion From a traditional perspective, the primary agenda
for any meal is to benefit from the medicinal quality of food. Any factor which interferes with this
agenda degrades the value of the meal inasmuch as nutrition is concerned. Multi tasking does not
enhance Digestion-another modern habit which had caused a deterioration in the health value of a meal
is attempting to combine the experience with that of work, entertainment, or travel. Eating while
reading, watching television, driving, or talking on the phone will all detract from the nutritional value
of a meal, according to the traditions of Unani-Tibb.

DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis of diseases in Unani system of medicine is through examination of pulse(nabz),
urine(baul) and stool(baraz). This system observes the influence of surroundings and ecological
conditions such as air, food, drinks, body movement and repose, psychic movement and repose, sleep
and wakefulness and excretion and retention on the state of health. This influence causes a dominance of
one of the four humours in every human body. Unani believes that it is this dominance which gives a
man his individual habit and complexion i.e his temperament.

MAINTENANCE OF GOOD HEALTH

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Unani-philosophy dictates that good health can be maintained if the relative proportions of 4 humors are
kept stable. Keeping this in mind, hakims advocate 6 methods to keep these humors in balance:

 Inhalation of pure air.

 Moderate intake of foods and drinks -- too much or too little of certain foods and drinks can
stimulate an imbalance in the proportions of the humors.

 Proper excretion is necessary.

 Adequate sleep is needed -- excess or deficiencies can both lead to poor health.

 Moderate exercise -- can be accomplished through yoga.

 Mental peace -- can be accomplished through meditation.

MEDICAL INNOVATIONS INTRODUCED BY UNANI SYSTEM

Avicenna was the first to describe meningitis, intubation (surgical procedure to facilitate breathing),
contamination of the body by "foreign bodies" prior to infection, tuberculosis as being a communicable
disease,surgical treatment of cancer.

Al Razi was the first to describe smallpox and measles.

The Arab surgeon, Al Zahrawi was the first to describe hemophilia and also the first surgeon in history
to use cotton Avicenna ‘

TREATMENTS
The Hakims (Unani physicians) believe in four lines of treatment,Regimental therapy (Haj bit tadbeer) -
this includes…..

 Exercise- regular and correct massage, steam baths, fomentation, emesis, purging and enema.

 Diet-o-therapy (hajbilghiza)- this covers a normal diet, liquid diet for flushing out the system,
and a semi-solid diet that will allow the digestive system a rest without resorting to the
comparative extreme of a liquid diet.

 Pharmacotherapy (haj bid dawa) - the prescription of medicines derived from animal, mineral or
plant sources.Most of the drugs are of herbal origin. These are prepared such that there are no
side- effects.

 Surgery (jarahat) - this includes venesection, cupping, leeching and cauterization.

PREVENTION AND CURE

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Looking more to prevention than cure, Unani medicine holds that close attention to six essential factors
will ensure a “Disease- and-stress-free life”.

These factors are: air, food and drink, physical activity and rest, mental activity and repose, sleeping
habits, and retention & evacuation.

BENEFITS
Unani- tibbipractitioners still treat people with herbal remedies and manipulation, for a variety of
illnesses. In the Islamic world, many of the poorer people who cannot afford“Allopathic medicine” still
resort to this traditional medicine. There are also people who prefer unani-tibbi to allopathic medicine,
as indeed, the traditional unani-tibbi remedies do not bring with them the side effects commonly
experienced with allopathic drugs.

HOMEOPATHY

INTRODUCTION
 The term Homeopathy comes from the Greek word-Homeo meaning similar and Pathos meaning
suffering or disease.
 Homeopathy-"Homeo" meaning "similar" and "pathos" meaning "suffer" or "disease"
 Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine in which practioners treat patients using highly
diluted preparations/formulations obtained from natural source that are believe to cause healthy
people to exhibited symptoms that are similar to those exhibited by the patients.

HISTORY

 Homeopathy began in the late 1700s, developed by a German doctor named Samuel
Hahnemann.
 Homeopathy was founded in the 18th century by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, a physician and
chemist.
 Hahnemann was dissatisfied with the often-severe treatments that were being used and was
looking for a more natural way to treat illnesses
 He discovered the law of similar after he consumes cinchona barkextract (used to cure malaria)
which produces the same symptoms asmalaria.
 Homeopathy is also known as homeopathic medicine and was developed in Germany more than
200 years ago.
 Homeopathy achieved its greatest popularity in the 19th century.

DEFINITION OF HOMEOPATHY

 Homeopathy is a unique, natural, holistic system of medicine which stimulates the body's healing
responses with no known contraindications or common side effects.

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  Homeopathy is an alternative medical practice in which extremely dilute amounts of certain
natural substances are used to treat various ailments.

PRINCIPLE OF HOMEOPATHY
Every science has certain fundamental principles which guide the whole system. Homeopathy as a
science of medical treatment has a philosophy of its own and its therapeutics is based on certain
fundamental principles.

These are:

1. Law of Similia

2. Law of Simplex

3. Law of Minimum Dose

4. The Potentized Remedy

1. The Law of SimilarsSimiliaSimilibusCurentur

 A substance which can cause symptoms in a healthy person can, in homeopathy's non toxic
micro doses, stimulate cure in others suffering with similar symptoms regardless of the cause.
 This fundamental principle is reflected in the name, 'Homeo' being Greek for 'same' or 'similar'
and 'pathos' for 'suffering', i.e., let like be cured by like or more commonly, like cures like.
 Similimum is the term for the remedy that best matches a patient's symptoms.
 e.g., the honey bee remedy Apis, gives us a powerful remedy for cases with edema, burning
stinging pain, respiratory reactions.

2. Law of Simplex
 The second principle of homeopathy is The Single Remedy.
 Only one homeopathic remedy is given at any one time. It would be difficult, if not impossible,
to ascertain the action of multiple homeopathic remedies given all at once.
 The response of the vital force would be unpredictable and ambiguous.

3. Law of Minimum Dose

 The third principle of homeopathy is The Minimum Dose.
 This refers to the infinitesimal doses of medicine given aswell as to the repetition of dose only
when necessary.
 Repetition of dose is determined by the individual's response to the remedy. Unnecessary
repetition may lessen the response, even to the correct remedy. In homeopathy, less is better.

4. The Potentized Remedy

 The fourth principle of homeopathy is ThePotentized Remedy.

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  Homeopathic remedies, though made from natural substances such as plants, minerals, animals,
etc., are manufactured unlike any other medicine.
 Through a process of serial dilution a very diluteextract is made. With every step of dilution
theremedy is vigorously shaken-succussed.
 This process of succussion is designed to arouse the dynamic nature of the medicine.

Homeopathic treatments are highlyindividualized

 There is no uniform prescribing standard forhomeopathic practitioners.
 The holistic nature of homeopathy means each person is treated as a unique individual. Their
body, mind, spirit and emotions are all considered in the management and prevention of disease.
 Taking all these factors into account a homeopath will select the most appropriate medicine.

The Source of the Remedies

 The remedies come from the animal, mineral, and plant kingdoms. They are also made from
bacteria and viruses, or disease products
 Some remedies are made from imponderables, such as sunlight, moonlight and x-rays.
 In recent years homeopaths have been studying the characteristics of remedies made from the
different kingdoms to learn about their properties, and to understand how to apply them to sick
people in a more scientific manner.
 An understanding of chemistry, biology, zoology and botany are advantageous to the homeopath
and intertwined with homeopathy as the natural world is the source of our remedies.

HERBS

Who Can Homeopathy Help

 Homeopathy is good for babies and children.
 Homeopathy is good for thehealth problems of women, andfor health issues relating to a
woman's reproductive cycle.
 Homeopathy is good for boys and men.
 Homeopathy is good for the elderly.
 Homeopathy is good for animals.
 People even treat their plants with homeopathy.

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BENEFITS
 Easy to administer
 No or minimal side effects as the remedy contains no toxic substance
 Effective as it triggers natural healing process
 Cheap compared to conventional medicine

TREATMENT SESSION
CONSULTATION

• Patients will be asked about their medical history, diet, lifestyle, physical and emotional state

PRESCRIPTION

• Suitable remedy will be prescribed

• Every remedy is made to suit the patient's individual Symptoms.

Administering the Remedy

 Homeopathic remedies come in various strengths and in various forms.
 The homeopath has to determine, which method of administration would be most suitable for
you: dry or wet dose, or LM potency.
 The homeopath carries a wide range of remedies in stock in various strengths. She will prepare
the remedy that you need for you, or if she does not have it, she will ask you to purchase it from
the pharmacy or order it for you.
 The homeopath gives you directions on how to take the remedy, and explains what kinds of
reactions you may experience after taking the remedy.

Additional Healing Methods

 The homeopath encourages a daily meditation practice, as a part of mental hygiene.
 Meditation helps the person to gain self awareness and to see how thoughts influence the
emotions and our ultimately our physical health.
 When requested or when the homeopath feels it can be beneficial, she will teach meditation
techniques, such as mindfulness meditation, breathing exercises, the use of mudras or hand
gestures, and the use of mantras or repetition of spiritual phrases as tools to help center the mind.

EXERCISE AND HEALTH-

 People consult a homeopath because they want to feel healthy & strong.
 Exercise is one of the most valuable thing people can do for their health & to enhance the joy of
living.
 Any exercise you do to get your body moving is beneficial. I encourage people to find an
exercise activity that they like &make that a regular part of their lives.

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SIDE EFFECTS
 Minimal to zero side effects
 This is because homeopathy remedies are ultrahigh-diluted until there is no any active
ingredients
 Some patients may experience 'healing crisis' where their condition gets worse before getting
better. This is due to the process of toxin removal from body
 Some remedies may not be sufficiently diluted and contain biologically active ingredients. These
ingredients may cause allergies to some patients

SCIENTIFIC PROVE
 Currently there are no good quality studies
 Water memory investigated by French professor Jacques Benveniste shows that homeopathically
treated water has positive effect on living cells compared to untreated water
 Randomized controlled trial shows homeopathy is nobetter than PLACEBO
 Homeopathy can cure acute ear infection in children (International Jour inical Pharmacology
And Therapeutics) PLACEBO

CRITICISM
 Merely sympathetic magic
 Simply water because no molecules present Placebo effect ( A substance containing no
medication and prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's expectation to get well)
 Lack of medical evidence
 Some homeopaths advice the patients to avoid taking antibiotics and vaccine.

NEW FINDINGS
Efficient in treating depression

■ Jonathan Davidson, MD, a professor of psychiatry atDuke University, conducted a small study of
adultswith major depression, social phobia, or panicdisorder. He found that 60% of the patients
respondedfavorably to homeopathic treatment.

2. BODY MIND INTERVENTION

RELAXATION THERAPY
Relaxation means, "The state of being free from tension and anxiety, recreation or rest; especially after a
period of work. “Relaxation is a technique often use to calm ourselves thereby decreasing anxiety and
controlling arousal. It can increase the sense of control thus help us to feel calm and comfortable. It was
discovered by Herbert Benson.

DEFINITION

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A relaxation technique is any method, process, procedure or activity that helps a person to relax, to
reduce, to attain a state of increased calmness, or otherwise reduce levels of pain, anxiety, stress or
anger.

BENEFITS OF RELAXATION THERAPY

 Increase in self-confidence to manage the problems
 Suppress tension and anger.
 Increase in blood flow to primary muscles.
 Regularize the heartbeat.
 Lower the blood pressure.
 Increase concentration and memory.
 Reduce sleep deprivation.
 Increase in energy.
 Reduction of frequency and severity of panic attacks
 Increase in ability to focus
 Reduction of insomnia and fatigue

ELEMENTS OF RELAXATION TEHRAPY

 Quiet environment.
 Mental devices. (A word, phrase, object, or process used to help a person relax. Two commonly used
mental devices are the mantra and the process of taking deep breaths and exhaling slowly.)
 Passive attitude. (A passive attitude means that you aren't taking any action. For example, if you
have a passive attitude about exercising, you aren't exercising.) Comfortable position.

METHODES OF RELAXATION THERAPY:

1. Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation.
2. Mental imagery
3. Meditation.
4. Yoga.
5. Biofeedback.
6. Physical exercises.

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1. PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION
Jacobson’s relaxation technique is a type of therapy that focuses on tightening and relaxing specific
muscle groups in sequence. It’s also known as progressive relaxation therapy. By concentrating on
specific areas and tensing and then relaxing them, you can become more aware of your body and
physical sensations.

PROCEDURE
 Make the patient lie in a comfortable position.
 Provide light or soft music pleasant visual cues.
 Give a brief explanation about the progressive muscle relaxation.
 Instruct the client to tense each muscles group approximately for 10 second.
 Explain the tension of the muscles and uncomfortable the body parts feels.
 Ask the client to relax each muscle.

2 MENTAL IMAGNARY THERAPY

 It is a relaxation method in which patients are instructed to imagine themselves in a place associated
with pleasant relaxed memories. Such images allow patients to enter a relaxed state or experience a
feeling of calmness and tranquility.

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 Some might select a scene at the seashore, some might choose a mountain atmosphere, and some
might choose floating through the air.

1. MEDITATION
Meditation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'medha' meaning wisdom. Some of us are under the
misconception that meditation is a form of prayer, as we have often heard of monks meditating. This
couldn't be more further from the truth. Meditation is a state of awareness where we are in complete
harmony with our thoughts without any distractions. For instance, something as simple as sitting on a
park bench and observing a flower without any wandering thoughts qualifies as meditation. Meditation
for pregnant ladies can be used to deal with issues such as depression, stress and anxiety by removing
mind.

BENEFITS
1. Improves Sleep

It is estimated that more than 75% of pregnant women deal with insomnia at some point during their
pregnancy. This could be due to reasons such as anxiety, heartburn, frequent urination or hormones
which prevent them from getting a good night's rest. During pregnancy, meditation for sleep can help
catch up on some well-deserved rest.

1. Reduces Anxiety
Most women experience anxiety during pregnancy as there are a lot of risks involved, such as
preeclampsia, eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. However, studies show that women with high anxiety
during pregnancy are likely to give birth to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD).

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3. Reduces Depression

Some women go through depression after pregnancy due to a sudden change in hormonal levels in the
body.

4. Healthy Eating Habits

Pregnancy is a time when women eat more than usual and tend to gain weight due to increased fluids,
amniotic fluid, the weight of the placenta, etc.

5. Helps You Manage the Labour Process During the onset of labour, all women inevitably feel pain.

TECHNIQUE OF MEDITATION

4. YOGA

Yoga is the physical, mental and spiritual practices which originated in ancient India with a view to
attain a state of permanent peace of mind in order to experience one's true self.

MEANING

In Vedic Sanskrit, the meaning of word Yoga is "to add", "to join", "to unite" or "to attach".

Cat/Cow Pose. If you're experiencing back pain, you'll want to rock between these two poses. This
basic set of movements stretches the spine and allows your belly to hang, which can ease tension. It can
also help move the baby into optimal position for birth. These poses will help you during labor if you
experience "back labor." 

Balancing Table Pose. From all fours, stretch your right leg back behind you and reach your left arm
forward, hold for 3-5 breaths and then alternate. This pose requires core strength to maintain balance, so
it's good for working those abdominal muscles, which will be important during labor! You might also
find relief from round ligament pain if practiced regularly.

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Facing Dog Against a Wall. This variation of downward dog is excellent to help ease upper back and
shoulder tension as well as open up the sacrum and lower back. Using a wall keeps your head elevated,
too, which is recommended if you experience heartburn. 

Goddess Pose. A wide-legged squat can be done with or without the support of a wall for balance. This
pose strengthens the legs and pelvic floor, and encourages hip opening—all key components of the birth
process!

Bound Angle Pose. Practice good posture and deep breathing while in baddhakonasana, or bound angle
pose. You can even give yourself a foot and calf massage to improve circulation and ease the strain of
added weight.

5. BIOFEEDBACK
Biofeedback isn't a pregnancy-specific therapy. But since it's non-invasive, it's very safe for pregnant
women to try. And it may help soothe some of the symptoms you might be dealing with these days, like
headaches, nausea, incontinence, mood swings or anxiety.

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Biofeedback is a relatively new technique. It was developed in the 1940s and is becoming more
prevalent as its usefulness becomes clearer.

INDICATIONS
 Anxiety or stress
 Asthma
 Chronic pain
 Constipation
 Headache
 High blood pressure
 Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

PROCEDURE
 During a biofeedback session
 Electrodes are attached to your skin.
 Finger sensors can also be used.
 Regards electrodes/sensors send signals to a monitor, which displays a sound, flash of light, or image
that represents your heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, sweating, or muscle
activity.

ACTION OF BIOFEEDBACK
During biofeedback, you're connected to electrical sensors that help you receive information about your
body. This feedback helps you make subtle changes in your body, such as relaxing certain muscles, to
achieve the

6 .PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Physical exercise is theperformance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and
overall health. ... Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of
some diseases such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

BENEFITS

 Enjoyment.
 Increased energy.
 Improved fitness.
 Reduced back and pelvic pain.
 Decreased risk of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced
hypertension.
 Preparation for the physical demands of labour.

1. BREATHING EXERCISE

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Lay down, sit, or standing up, as long as you can easily fill your lungs with oxygen. Take a deep
breath in and out through your nose, counting to 8 on both the inhale and the exhale. Then, open your
mouth wide and take quick, shallow breaths to a count of five. Repeat this process five times.
BENEFITS
Yoga experts believe that deep breathing: Improves the circulation of blood, which is good for you and
your growing baby. Boosts the flow of oxygen that is supplied to your body and your baby

a. HYPNOSIS
Hypnotherapy is used mainly in pregnancy for relaxation, preparation for labour and childbirth.
Hypnobirthing is a birthing method that uses self-hypnosis and relaxation techniques to help a woman
feel physically, mentally and spiritually prepared and reduces feelings of fear, anxiety and pain during
childbirth

b. HYDROTHERAPY
Hydrotherapy is a form of warm-water submersion that alleviates the discomfort that can go along with
pregnancy as well as the contractions of labor. Like hypnobirthing and prenatal massage, it's a drug-free
approach that promotes relaxation and stress relief

BENEFITS OF HYDROTHERAPY

Exercising in water helps reduce the pressure and stress on your body and joints as well as increases
blood flow bringing many benefits during pregnancy.

1. Prevent leg cramps, ‘cankles’ and varicose veins

Standing in water up to your waist is like wearing an amazing pair of compression pants. This is
because the weight of the water helps to pump fluid from your legs back to the heart. In addition to
reducing ankle swelling and leg cramps, it can help to decrease pain caused by varicose veins.
2. Strengthen your pelvic floor
Exercising in water is low impact and great for your pelvic floor.During our hydrotherapy classes we
cover pelvic floor education and exercises, which is a great way to learn about contracting and
building your pelvic floor muscles.
3. Strengthen your pelvis
Hydrotherapy pools are warmer than the average pool, facilitating muscle relaxation. Feeling
weightless while pregnant can take the pressure off your pelvis to help ease your pain. It is the first
type of exercise I recommend to pregnant woman experiencing pelvic discomfort.
4. Prepare your body for delivery
Pelvic floor, strengthening and stretching exercises can build your flexibility and strength and help
make your body more resilient and prepared for childbirth.

PET THERAPHY
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INTRODUCTION

Pet therapy is a guided interaction between a person and a trained animal. It also involves the animal’s
handler. The purpose of pet therapy is to help someone recover from or cope with a health problem or
mental disorder. Dogs and cats are most commonly used in pet therapy. However, fish, guinea pigs,
horses, and other animals that meet screening criteria can also be used. The type of animal chosen
depends on the therapeutic goals of a person’s treatment plan.

BENEFITS OF PET THERAPY

 Pet therapy builds on the pre-existing human-animal bond.

 Interacting with a friendly pet can help many physical and mental issues.
 It can help reduce blood pressure and improve overall cardiovascular health.
 It can also release endorphins that produce a calming effect.
 This can help alleviate pain, reduce stress, and improve your overall psychological state.

The goals of a pet therapy program can include:

 Improving motor skills and joint movement

 Improving assisted or independent movement
 Increasing self-esteem
 Increasing verbal communication
 Developing social skills
 Increasing willingness to join in activities
 Improving interactions with others
 Motivating willingness to exercise

PET THERAPY CAN BE USEFUL FOR:

 Cancer -improve depression, oxygen saturation.

 Dementia -improved eating habits, calming effects, improve self-esteem, communication skills,
 Heart health lower bp, stress hormone level

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  Mental health -children with pervasive development disorder becomes playful and social after
therapy autistic children
 Psychiatric disorder -schizophrenia, anxiety -improve ability of independent self-care,
experience pleasure
 Reduce anxiety, pain.
 Physical health -lower blood pressure, improve cardio vascular health, release endorphins
(oxytocin) that have a calming effect ,diminishes overall physical pain.
 Reading : Help children focus better, improve literacy skills, provides non -stressful, non
judgment environment, Increase self -confidence
 In physical therapy : Increase joint movement and improve recovery time, Maintains or
increases motor skills, provides motivation to move more, stretch farther, exercise longer.
 Children with special needs: Child improve reading skills, Mental stimulation

Animals use in pet therapy: -

Domestic animals

 Cats, dogs, birds,  Caged rodent

 Hippo  Farm animals
 Calf  Horses
 Lamp  Fish

Concerns related to AAT

 Lowers self-esteem if animal rejects

 Death of animal-grief, guilt
 Human injury if animals are selected inappropriately
 Zoonotic disease-if lack of sound sanitation, veterinary supervision.

Risks of pet therapy

1.Some of the biggest risks of pet therapy involve safety and sanitation.

2.People who are allergic to animal dander may have reactions during pet therapy.

3.Animals in pet therapy programs are typically screened for behaviour and health.

PET THERAPY ADMINISTERED

Your doctor or therapist managing your treatment will administer pet therapy. A trained handler, often
the pet’s owner, will take the animal to every meeting and work under your doctor or therapist’s
direction to help you reach your goals. In most cases, the handlers work as volunteers. Discussion of
proper pet handling is needed to ensure the safety of both the person receiving treatment and the pet.

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The first step in pet therapy is the selection of a suitable animal. Many groups and organizations train
and connect volunteer owners and pets with healthcare providers. Before an animal and its handler can
participate in pet therapy, the team has to fulfil certain requirements. This process typically includes:

 a physical examination of the animal to confirm that it’s immunized and free of diseases
 an obedience training course to ensure proper animal control
 an instructional course to teach the trainer about interaction with other people
 an evaluation of the animal’s temperament and behaviour with the handler
 a certification from the sponsoring organization

Once a team of an animal and a handler is approved, animals are assigned for therapy based on a
specific person’s needs. The animal’s type, breed, size, age, and natural behaviour will determine where
it will be most helpful.

Animal-assisted therapy works

Playing, caring for, or simply petting an animal is believed to have several positive effects on a person.
It creates a sense of calm and a sense of purpose. Although any animal can provide this, animals
commonly used for therapy include:

Petting an animal can cause your brain to release chemicals called endorphins. These chemicals
counteract your body’s reaction to pain by causing a sense of pleasure or well-being. This can help ease
depression.

Partners is an organization that supports the use of therapy animals. They describe two kinds of
therapeutic interactions with animals: animal-assisted activities and animal-assisted therapies. The
difference is in the structure of the interaction.
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3. BIOLOGICALLY BASED THERAPY

HERBAL MEDICINE

INTRODUCTION

Herbal medicine (also herbalism) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants,
which are a basis of traditional medicine. There is limited scientific evidence for the safety and
efficacy of plants used in 21st century herbalism, which generally does not provide standards for purity
or dosage.The scope of herbal medicine commonly includes fungal and bee products, as well as
minerals, shells and certain animal parts. Herbal medicine is also called phytomedicine or
phytotherapy.

HISTORY

Archaeological evidence indicates that the use of medicinal plants dates back to the Paleolithic age,
approximately 60,000 years ago. Written evidence of herbal remedies dates back over 5,000 years to
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the Sumerians, who compiled lists of plants. Some ancient cultures wrote about plants and their
medical uses in books called herbals. In ancient Egypt, herbs are mentioned in Egyptian medical
papyri, depicted in tomb illustrations, or on rare occasions found in medical jars containing trace
amounts of herbs. In ancient Egypt, the Ebers papyrus dates from about 1550 BC, and covers more
than 700 compounds, mainly of plant origin.The earliest known Greek herbals came from
Theophrastus of Eresos who, in the 4th century BC, wrote in Greek HistoriaPlantarum, from Diocles of
Carystus who wrote during the 3rd century BC, and from Krateuas who wrote in the 1st century BC.

BENEFIT OF HERBAL MEDICINE

Traditional medicine is “the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and
experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in the maintenance of health and in the prevention,
diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness” (World Health Organization).

 Reduced side effects

 Increased savings
 Self-healing
 Empowerment
 Improved overall health

Active ingredient

Some active ingredients present in plants are-

 Alkaloids.
 Anthocyanins.
 Anthraquinones.
 Bitters.
 Cardiac Glycosides.
 Coumarins.
 Cyanogenic Glycosides.
 Flavonoids.

There are four pillars of treatment:-

 Cleansing: detoxification elimination, by the use of expectorants, laxatives and diuretics;

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  Heating: moving the circulation by the use of circulatory stimulants, peripheral vasodilators
and aromatic digestives;
 Cooling: by the use of bitters to stimulate digestion, febrifuges to reduce temperature;
 Tonification: supporting nourishment and repair by the use of tonic herbs such as adaptogens.

COMMON MEDICINAL HERBS

Most herbs have not been completely tested to see how well they work or to see if they interact with
other herbs, supplements, medicines, or foods. Products added to herbal preparations may also cause
interactions. Be aware that "natural" does not mean "safe." It's important to tell your healthcare
providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using.

1-Chamomile (Flower) - Considered by some to be a cure-all, chamomile is commonly used in

the U.S. for anxiety and relaxation. It is used in Europe for wound healing and to reduce inflammation
or swelling. Few studies have looked at how well it works for any condition. Chamomileis used as a

33
tea or applied as a compress. It is considered safe by the FDA. It may increase drowsiness caused by
medicines or other herbs or supplements. Chamomile may interfere with the way the body uses some
medicines, causing too high a level of the medicine in some people.

2- Echinacea (Leaf, stalk, root)-Echinacea is commonly used to treat or prevent colds, flu, and
infections, and for wound healing. Many studies have looked at how well echinacea works to prevent or
shorten the course of a cold, but none were conclusive. Some studies do show some benefit of using
echinacea for upper respiratory infections. Short-term use is advised because other studies have also
shown that long-term use can affect the body's immune system. Always check with your healthcare
provider about any interactions with medicines that you are already taking. People allergic to plants in
the daisy family may be more likely to have an allergic reaction to echinacea. The daisy family includes
ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, and daisies.

3- Feverfew (Leaf)-Feverfew was traditionally used to treat fevers. It is now commonly used to
prevent migraines and treat arthritis. Some research has shown that certain feverfew preparations can
prevent migraines. Side effects include mouth ulcers if the leaves are chewed and digestive irritation.
People who suddenly stop taking feverfew for migraines may have their headaches return. Feverfew
should not be used with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines because these medicines may change
how well feverfew works. It should not be used with warfarin or other anticoagulant medicines.

4- Garlic (Cloves, root)-Garlic has been used all over the world in cooking and for its many
medicinal properties. The compounds isolated from garlic have been shown to have antimicrobial,
cardioprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties may play a role in the
belief that garlic helps lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Unfortunately, the evidence is conflicting.
The FDA considers garlic safe. But it can increase the risk of bleeding and should not be used with
warfarin, a blood thinner.

5- Ginger (Root)- Ginger is most commonly known as an herb for easing nausea and motion
sickness. Research suggests that ginger may relieve the nausea caused by pregnancy and chemotherapy.
Other areas under investigation in the use of ginger are in surgery and as an anticancer agent. It's wide
range of actions may be due in part to its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Reported
side effects may include bloating, gas, heartburn, and nausea in certain people.

6- Gingko (Leaf)- Ginkgo leaf extract has been used to treat a variety of conditions such as asthma,
bronchitis, fatigue, and tinnitus. It is also used to improve memory and to prevent dementia and other

34
brain disorders. Some studies have supported its slight effectiveness. But exactly how gingko works
isn't understood. Only extract from leaves should be used. Seeds contain ginkgo toxin. This toxin can
cause seizures and, in large amounts, death. Because some information suggests that ginkgo can
increase the risk of bleeding.

7- Ginseng (Root)-Ginseng is used as a tonic and aphrodisiac, even as a cure-all. Research is

uncertain how well it works, partly because of the difficulty in defining "vitality" and "quality of life."
There is a large variation in the quality of ginseng sold. Side effects are high blood pressure and
tachycardia. It's considered safe by the FDA. But it shouldn't be used with warfarin, heparin,
nonsteroidalantiinflammatory medicines, estrogens, corticosteroids, or digoxin. People with diabetes
should not use ginseng.

8- Goldenseal (Root, rhizome)- Goldenseal is used to treat diarrhea and eye and skin irritations.
It is also used as an antiseptic. It is also an unproven treatment for colds. Goldenseal contains berberine,
a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Studies
have shown that goldenseal is effective for diarrhea. But it's not recommended because it can be
poisonous in high doses. It can cause skin, mouth, throat, and gastric irritation.

9- Milk thistle (Fruit)- Milk thistle is used to treat liver conditions and high cholesterol, and to
reduce the growth of cancer cells. Milk thistle is a plant that originated in the Mediterranean region. It
has been used for many different illnesses over the last several thousand years, especially liver
problems. Study results are uncertain about the actual benefits of milk thistle for liver disease.

10- Saint John's wort (Flower, leaf)- Saint John's wort is used as an antidepressant. Studies
have shown that it has a small effect on mild to moderate depression over a period of about 12 weeks.
But it is not clear if it is effective for severe depression. A side effect is sensitivity to light, but this is
only noted in people taking large doses of the herb. St. John's has been shown to cause dangerous and
possibly deadly interactions with commonly used medicines. It is very important to always talk with
your healthcare provider before using this herb.

11- Saw palmetto (Fruit)- Saw palmetto is used to treat urine symptoms from benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH). But recent studies have not found it to be effective for this condition. Side effects
are digestive upset and headache.

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12-Valerian (Root)- Valerian is used to treat sleeplessness and to reduce anxiety. Research
suggests that valerian may be a helpful sleep aid, but the evidence is not consistent to confirm it. In the
U.S., valerian is used as a flavoring for root beer and other foods. As with any medicinal herb, always
talk with your healthcare provider before taking it.

BENEFITS OF HERBAL MEDICINE

Civilizations have been using herbal medicine and other natural resources to cure ailments and reduce
the severity of symptoms for thousands of years. Those civilizations may have been onto something, as
there is something to be said for the very real benefits of herbal medications.

Undeniable benefits of herbal medicine-

A person does not have to reject science or live a wholly holistic lifestyle to experience the benefits of
herbal medicine. Below are just five benefits of natural medications.

1. Reduced side effects

Because herbal medicines are natural, the body often responds favorably to them. Unfortunately, this is
often not the case with prescription medications. By replacing a prescription drug with a natural one,
patients can slowly reduce or even eliminate the number of prescription-related side effects experienced
on a daily basis.

2. Increased savings

Prescription medications are expensive. Herbal medicine is often cheaper to produce because the
medications are made from bountiful and easy-to-produce natural resources. A lower production cost
often equates to a lower retail cost.

3. Self-healing

Prescription drugs are often designed to mask symptoms and not necessarily cure the underlying
condition. Herbal medicine, on the other hand, may forces individuals to listen to what the body is
saying and to target the source of pain or discomfort. With assistance from a medical professional who
works specifically in alternative medicine, a patient may get on the path to better health sooner than
expected.

4. Empowerment

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For many, the use of herbal medicine is more about taking control of personal health than anything
else. A good natural healer will educate individuals about what the body needs and how to keep it
healthy. The healer will not just hand a patient a prescription to hide the pain.

5. Improved overall health

Natural medicines come with several notable health benefits. For starters, natural cures often aim to
identify and eradicate illness rather than suppress the symptoms. This approach is more likely to result
in improved health than the use of pharmaceuticals.

Finally, natural medicine promotes gut health. It does this by enhancing digestion and nurturing an
environment in which beneficial microbes can thrive.

SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

Which over-the-counter, herbal medicines, complementary medicines and prescription medications you
are taking

 Any allergic reactions you have experienced

 If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
 Be aware herbal medicine can interact with other medications.

Purchase herbal medicine products from a reputable supplier

Not all herbal medicines that are sold are safe. Always purchase from a source that stocks products
from a reputable manufacturer or supplier, such as health food stores, supermarkets, pharmacies or
from a reputable practitioner.

Never stop taking prescribed medications without consulting your doctor-

 Always tell your doctor if you are planning to start a course of herbal medicine for your
condition.
 Seek advice from your qualified health practitioner, your doctor or your pharmacist about the
herbal medicine’s safety, quality and effectiveness.
 Always purchase products from a reputable source. Be cautious about buying herbal medicines
or supplements manufactured overseas.

37
  Take all herbal medicines strictly as prescribed and consult your health practitioner immediately
if you experience any side effects.
 Herbal medicines may produce negative effects that can range from mild to severe, including:

NURSING CONSIDERATION

More patients are using herbal remedies. Even though herbs are natural products, they often act like
medications and may interact with or potentiate other medications. During a preoperative evaluation,
nurses should ask patients about their use of herbal remedies. Certain herbs are dangerous and should
never be taken, and others must be avoided before elective surgery. Today's perioperative health care
professionals must become familiar with basic information about herbs to carry out thorough
assessments. At times, caregivers may need to educate and counsel consumers about benefits and
harmful aspects of herbal preparations.

DIET AND NUTRITION

DIET
The edible stuff that provides us with nutrients is termed as food. Food is broadly classified as cereals,
pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, flesh food, fats and sugar.

BALANCED DIET
A balanced diet means getting the right types and amounts of foods and drinks to supply nutrition and
energy for maintaining body cells , tissues, and organs, and for supporting normal growth and
development.

NUTRITION
 It is a science of food and its relationship to health.
 Material and food necessary to support life and growth.

NUTRIENTS
 A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth.
Two types of nutrients:-
 Major nutrients:- protein, carbohydrate, fats. it is called macronutrients because they form the
bulk of our food.
 Protein- 10-15%
 Fats- 10-30%
 Carbohydrates 60-80%

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  Micro nutrients:- minerals- calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamins. It is called
micronutrients because they are required in small amount.
 Water

PROTIENS

 Help in tissue and muscle building.

 Help to maintain fluid balance.
 Healing.

DEFICIENCY
 Muscle wasting, weight gain, poor immunity and low hb.
 Sources- milk and milk products, soya bean, beans, dals, egg, chicken, fish.

CARBOHYDRATES

 Energy giving compound necessary for daily activity.

 Necessary for proper working of brain, heart, nervous tissue.
Sources:- Wheat, oats, brans, vegetables, whole cereals and pulses, fruits.

Excess:- Weight gain, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, etc.

Deficiency:- Constipation, low mental performance etc.

FATS

 The main function is to give energy.

 Important for transport of vitamin a, d, e, k.
 Covers organs acts as insulator to our vital organs like heart, kidney, liver.
Sources:- Olive oil, rice bran oil, soyabean oil, groundnut oil, mustard oil.

Deficiency:- Skin, nervous disorder.

Excess:- Weight gain, elevated blood lipid levels, CAD.

RDA FOR MAJOR NURTRIENTS

Carbohyrates- 65% of total diet.

Proteins- 1g/kg of body weight.

Fats – 3-4 tsp oil and 1 tsp ghee.

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WHAT IF OUR DAILY DIET LACK ALL THESE NUTRIENTS
 It leads to a condition called Protein energy malnutrition simply called as malnutrition.
 In Madhya Pradesh alone, about 53% children are malnourished it include upper middle class
children also.
 Cases of cancers has increased two fold. Reason? Lack of fiber in diet.

MINERALS
Inorganic elements found in food that are essential to life processes.eg. calcium, phosphorus, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc.

CALCIUM
 Helps in proper bone formation.
 Cell signaling, blood clot formation, muscle contraction.
Sources:- dairy products, green leafy vegetables, beans, fish.
Lack of calcium in diet:- leads to osteoporosis, frequent fractures, muscle cramps, obesity.

IRON AND FOLIC ACID

 Most important for proper haemoglobin levels in our body.
 Its deficiency causes anemia.
Sources:- Red meat, egg yolk, beans and legumes, dried fruits, fruits, ragi, bajra, jower, jagrey,
sprouted and fermented food products.
SODIUM
 A mineral that regulates body fluid volume, concentration and acid- base.
Sources:- Table salt ( Sodium- chloride), foods processed with table salt, milk, milk products, eggs and
seafoods.

OTHERS
MAGNESIUM
A mineral found mainly inside muscle, soft tissues and bone. It functions in many enzyme processes.

ZINC
A mineral involved in wound healing, taste sensation, growth and sexual maturation and part of many
enzymes regulating metabolism.
Sources:- Meat, liver, eggs and seafood ( oysters ).

IODINE
Iodine is needed for the normal metabolism of cells. Metabolism is the process of converting food into
energy. Humans need iodine for normal thyroid function, and for the production of thyroid hormons.
Sources- Iodized salt is table salt with iodine added. It is the main food sources of iodine. Seafood is
naturally rich in iodine.
Deficiency- Hypothyroidism.

VITAMIN D

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  This group of vitamins need fat for their absorption.
Deficiency:- of vit d lead to bone disorder, night blindness, poor eyesight, skin problems.
 Deficiency of vit e leads to skin disease and problems.
 Deficiency of vit k leads to poor blood clotting.
 Deficiency of vit c leads to scurvy, poor wound healing, anemia, heart problems.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -BENEFITS

 Enhance immune system.
 Antioxidants.
 Reduce risk of CAD.
 Decrease risk of Cancers.
 Decrease risk of Cataracts,Arthrits,Macular degeneration,Alzeimers.
 Improvements other chronic diseases.
WATER
 Water is your body's most important nutrient, is involved in every bodily function, and makes up
70- 75% of your total body weight. Water helps you to maintain body temperature, metabolize
body fat, aids in digestion, lubricates and cushions organs, transports nutrients, and flushes
toxins from your body.
 Daily minimum 10-12 glasses of water should be taken.

PHYSICAL EXERCISE
 Daily 30-45 mins of physical exercise should be done or 3-4 hrs per week.
   Physical exercise can be of any type- walking, jogging, swimming, aerobics, yoga, cycling.

TIPS FOR HEALTHY DIET

 A well balanced diet including food from all nutrients in correct form.
 In regular physical exercise atleast 30 mins.
 Positive attitude.
 Keep smiling always.
IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION
 Promotes satisfactory growth.
 Prevents deficiency states.
 Prevents acute and chronic illness.
 Promotes development of physiological and mental potential.
 Provides reserves for stress.
 Help in maintaining normal metabolism.
 Decreases the risk of hypoglycemia, azotemia and hyperbilirubinaemia.
MAJOR NUTRITIONAL PROBLEM
 Protein energy malnutrition (PEM).
 Nutritional Anaemia.
 Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD).
 Vitamin – A deficiency.
 Low birth weight.

41
  Cardiac vascular disease.
 Cancer etc.
LIST OF NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
Ministery of rural development:-

 Applied nutrition programme ( 1963).

Ministery of social welfare:-

 Integrated child development service (ICDS) Scheme.

 Special nutrition programme (SNP) – 1970-71.
 Balwadi nutrition programme (1970).

Ministery of health and family welfare

 National nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme.

 National Iodine deficiency disorder control programme.
 National prophylaxis programme for prevention of blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.


ROLE OF NURSE IN NUTRITION

 Assess nutritional health needs.
 Health education.
 Nutritional supplementation.
 National nutrition programes.

4. MANIPULATION AND BODY BASED METHODS

CHIROPRACTIC

INTRODUCTION
Chiro practice is a holistic therapy which recognizes the overall health of the patient and the body’s
innate ability to heal itself from physical, mental, & emotional stress and trauma. Chiropractice
medicine is concerned with the relationship between the spinal column, afferent and efferent neurons,
and the entire nervous system.

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All of the body’s tissue and organs are connected electically to the spinal column, or backbone, which is
protected by twenty four bones called vertebrae.

It is the belief of Chiropractice that the misalignment of the spinal cord affects other portions of the body
& creates pain, sometimes disease, and other musculoskeletal abnormalities. The firm belief is followed
through in diagnosis and treatment.

DEFINITION
Chiropractic is a branch of the healing art which is concerned with human health and prevention of
disease that are pays special attention to spinal biomechanics, and musculoskeletal, neurological,
vascular & nutritional relationships.

HISTORY:
Chiropractice word is derived from Greek word cheir & praxis which means done by hand.

Chiropractic technique is invented in the 19th century by DANIEL DAVID PALMER.  Palmer,
a magnetic healer, hypothesized that manual manipulation of the spine could cure disease. In 1898
Palmer began teaching it to a few students at his new Palmer School of Chiropractic. 

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  One student, his son Bartlett Joshua (B.J.) Palmer, became committed to promoting chiropractic,
took over the Palmer School in 1906, and rapidly expanded its enrollment. B.J. palmer helped to
expand it in the early 20th century.

In 1910, B.J. changed course and endorsed X-rays as necessary for diagnosis; this resulted in a
significant exodus from the Palmer School of the more conservative faculty and students.

OBJECTIVE:
Chiropractic practice is to correct spinal nerve interference in a safe, effective manner.

INDICATION:
Doctors of chiropractic most often treat conditions such as:

 Back pain
 Neck pain
 Pain in the joints of the arms or legs
 Headache
 Whiplash
 Sports & work- related injuries

CONTRA-INDICATION:
 Malignancy with metastasis to bone.

44
  Tuberculosis of the bone
 Fractures
 Acute arthritis
 Acute gout
 Uncontrolled diabetic neuropathy
 Syphilitic articular or periarticular lesion
 Gonorrheal spinal arthritis
 Excessive spinal osteoporosis
 Evidence of cord or caudal compression by tumor, ankylosis & malacia bone disease.

STEP’S/PROCESS OF CHIROPRACTIC MEDICINE:

1. History taking
2. Analysis- It is include:
 Inspection-
 Spine & paraspinal region
 Hypo & hyperemia associated with vertebra subluxation (The term
"subluxation" is used by doctors of chiropractic to depict the altered position of
the vertebra and subsequent functional loss, which determines the location for
the spinal manipulation. "Subluxation" has been defined medically as "...a partial
abnormal separation of the articular surfaces of a joint."

 Manual palpation-
 Attachment of muscle
 Static vertebral position
 Areas of abnormal segmental motions to identify hyper or hypo mobility

3. Other clinical examination-

 Range of motion
 Muscle strength testing
 Orthopedic/neurological tests
 Mental status
 Quality of life assessment
 Substance abused and outcomes

45
 Disgnostic
Physicall
Patient history studies( when
examination
indicated)

Chiropractic
Diagnosis
treatment plan

CHIROPRACTIC TREATMENT TECHNIQUE:

The chiropractic physician must be able to diagnose spinal illness as well as a host of cases of
dysfunction. The physician might utilize the following procedures in diagnosis and/or treating the
patient-

 Manipulation
 Physical rehabilitation
 Psychological counselling
 Spinal adjusting
 Acupuncture

OTHER: In addition to spinal manipulation, other treatments include-

 Ice & heat

 Traction
 Soft tissue massage

1. MANIPULATION:
The manipulation procedure, arguably the most notable aspect of chiropractic, involves
manipulation of the spinal column, soft tissue, & articular functioning.

46
 2. PHYSICAL REHABILITATION:
Physical medicine and rehabilitation is a medical specialty that helps people regain body
functions they lost due to medical conditions or
injury.

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING:
Psychology. Exercise psychology is a discipline used to help people assess where they are at
with regards to exercise, define an individualized exercise program, help people deal with the
barriers and issues that restrict people's participation in exercise and maximize a person's
enjoyment of exercise.

4. SPINAL ADJUSTING:
Chiropractic adjustment is a procedure in which trained specialists (chiropractors) use their
hands or a small instrument to apply a controlled, sudden force to a spinal joint.

5. ACCUPUNCTURE:
Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine and a component of traditional Chinese medicine
in which thin needles are inserted into the body. It involves inserting very thin needles through a
person's skin at specific points on the body, to various depths.

ADVANTAGES:
 Many patients feel immediate relief following chiropractic treatment
 Cost effective
 A very conservative, drug free, sugar free approach

DISADVANTAGES:

47
  Not use in infant
 Not use in geriatric client more than 70 year old client
 It is chance to soft tissue damage, short-term muscle soreness or stiffness
 Rib fracture

WHAT EVIDENCE DO CHIROPRACTORS USE:

 Private, personal experience or the collective experience of the profession.
 Evidence of chiropractic theory from the basic sciences.
 Fallacious reasoning & dogma.
 “Chiropractic works because it has never been disproved.”
 It just makes sense that everyone would be better off without nerve interference”.

ACUPUNCTURE

INTRODUCTION

Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine practice that is based on the idea that a blockage or
disturbance in the flow of the body's life energy, or qi, can cause health issues. Acupuncturists insert
thin needles into specific points throughout the body to balance the body’s energy, stimulate healing,
and promote relaxation

Acupuncture Work

 Acupuncture may stimulate the release of endorphins, the body's natural pain-relieving
chemicals.
 Acupuncture may influence the autonomic nervous system, and needle placement may impact
breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate.

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Acupuncture may be useful for

 Anxiety
 Arthritis, which describes conditions that involve joint inflammation
 Long-term pain
 Depression
 Insomnia, a condition that involves sleep-related difficulties
 Migraines, which are intense headaches that often include other symptoms
 Nausea
 Sinus congestion, or nasal stuffiness
 Stress
 Infertility, which describes difficulty getting pregnant
 Addiction
 Skin appearance

Health Benefits of Acupuncture

The health benefits of acupuncture can vary depending on the individual. Keep in mind that it may take
several acupuncture sessions before you notice any benefits.5

Research on the health benefits of acupuncture is still limited, however, there are some studies that
found acupuncture to be helpful for specific conditions.

1. Low Back Pain

A study on non-drug treatment options for lower back pain showed that acupuncture led to less intense
pain and better back functioning right after a treatment. In the long term, however, it was not clear how
helpful acupuncture treatment was.6

2. Migraines

 Acupuncture was able to reduce the frequency of migraine symptoms by half in 41% of those in the
study compared to those not getting any acupuncture.
 Acupuncture was noted as being about as helpful as preventative migraine medications.7

3. Tension Headaches

According to research, having at least six acupuncture sessions may be helpful for those with frequent
head pain or pressure, also known as tension headaches. This study also noted that acupuncture added
along with pain medication led to less headache frequency when compared to those only given
medication.

4. Knee Pain

Research that looked at multiple studies suggested that acupuncture may be able to improve the physical
function of the knee in the short and long term in individuals who have knee osteoarthritis. With this
condition, the connective tissue in the knee breaks down. This study also found that acupuncture was

49
able to help those with knee osteoarthritis decrease their knee pain, but this was only helpful in the short
term.

5. Facial Elasticity

Cosmetic acupuncture, also known as facial acupuncture, is used to improve the appearance of the skin
on the head, face, and neck. In a small study where individuals had five acupuncture sessions in three
weeks, a little over half of the participants showed an improvement in skin elasticity, which helps skin
look plump.

ACUPUNCTURE DONE

Prior to getting acupuncture, your acupuncturist will ask about your health history and may give you a
physical examination.

During the acupuncture session, thin needles are placed in specific areas to address your concern or
condition. The acupuncturist may gently twist the needles for added effect. The needles are often left in
for 15 to 20 minutes, with the total session lasting anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour.

Your acupuncturist may use additional techniques during your session including:

 Moxibustion: This involves the use of heated sticks, made from dried herbs, held near the
acupuncture needles to warm and stimulate the acupuncture points.
 Electroacupuncture: An electrical device is connected to several needles, providing a weak
electrical current that stimulates the acupuncture needles during the treatment.
 Cupping: Glass or silicone cups are applied to the skin so that there is a suction effect, which
aims to help stimulate blood flow and balance your energy.14

After the treatment, some people may feel relaxed, while others may feel energetic. If you experience
any unusual symptoms, you should contact your healthcare provider.

During an acupuncture session, your acupuncturist will place needles in specific areas and may leave
them in for about 20 minutes. Other techniques like twisting, or adding heat may also be done.

Acupuncture is Painful

You may feel a slight sting, pinch, ache, or some pain as the acupuncture needle is being inserted.  Some
acupuncturists move the needle after it has been placed in the body, which can cause additional pressure.

Once the needle has been properly placed, you may feel a tingling or heavy feeling, which is referred to
as de qi.15

Let your acupuncturist know if you are uncomfortable or in a lot of pain at any point during the session.
Intense pain may mean the needle has not been inserted or placed correctly.16

SIDE EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE

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As with any treatment, acupuncture may cause side effects in some individuals. Side effects may
include:

 Pain and bleeding from the needle insertion

 Nausea
 Infections
 Skin rash
 Allergic reaction
 Bruising around the area the needles were placed

ACUPRESSURE

Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practice that involves treating blocked energy, or 
by applying manual pressure to specific points on the body. It is similar to acupuncture, except that it
uses fingertip pressure instead of needles.

By improving energy flow, acupressure is said to help with a range of conditions, from motion sickness
to headache to muscle pain.

ACUPRESSURE WORK

No one is sure exactly how acupressure might work. Some think the pressure may cause the release
of endorphins. These are natural pain-relieving chemicals in the body.

Others think the pressure may influence the autonomic nervous system. This is the part of the nervous
system that controls involuntary things like your heart, digestion, and breathing.

According to the principles of TCM, invisible pathways of energy called meridians flow within the
body. At least 14 meridians are thought to connect the organs with other parts of the body.

A practitioner applies pressure to specific acupressure points to restore healthy energy flow. The points
they choose depends on your symptoms.

Acupressure Used For

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  Insomnia
 Stress management
 Headache
 Menstrual cramps
 Motion sickness
 Muscle tension and pain
 Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and morning sickness
 Nausea and vomiting after surgery or chemotherapy
 Cancer-related and other forms of fatigue

BENEFITS OF ACUPRESSURE

The effects of acupressure on pain and anxiety.

 Three minutes of acupressure

 Three minutes of a placebo treatment (sham acupressure applied to a false pressure po
 Acupressure performed with fingers or an acupressure wristband decreased nausea, vomiting.
 It to be helpful for pain and nausea.

A TYPICAL ACUPRESSURE SESSION

Acupressure is often done by an acupuncturist. Depending on what points they need to access, you may
sit or lie on a massage table during the session.

In general, though, you apply pressure to a specific point using a thumb, finger, or knuckle. You can
also use the tip of a pen. The pressure should be gentle but firm.

Increase the pressure for about 30 seconds. Then hold it steady for 30 seconds to two minutes. Next,
gradually decrease the pressure for 30 seconds. Repeat three to five times.

SIDE EFFECTS AND SAFETY OF ACUPRESSURE

Acupressure should never be painful. If you feel any pain, tell your therapist at once. 

Some people may feel sore or have bruises at acupressure points after a session. You may also feel
lightheaded for a while.

Pressure should be gentle over sensitive areas, such as the face.

If you're pregnant, talk to your care provider before trying acupressure. During pregnancy, acupressure
isn't usually done on:

 The abdomen
 Certain points on the leg
 The lower back

ACUPRESSURE SHOULDN'T PERFORM THIS CONDITION

52
  Open wounds
 Bruises
 Varicose veins
 Swollen areas
 Osteoporosis
 Recent fracture or injury
 Cancer
 Easy bruising
 A bleeding disorders
 Heart disease
 Uncontrolled blood pressure

5. ENERGY THERAPY

THERAPEUTIC TOUCH AND MASSAGE

INTRODUCTION

The connection between mind and body, and the influence of each on the other, is well recognized by all
clinicians, and particularly by psychiatrists. Traditional medicine as it is currently practiced in the
United States is based solely on scientific methodology.

Traditional medicine, also known as allopathic medicine, is the type of medicine historically taught in
U.S. medical schools.

Some individuals do not completely abandon traditional medicine for alternative therapies. Instead, they
may choose to complement the conventional methods with the addition of alternative strategies.

53
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine of the National Institutes of Health
has established a list of complementary and alternative therapies to be used in practice and for
investigative purposes.

COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE

A complementary therapy is an intervention that is different from, but used in conjunction with,
traditional or conventional medical treatment.

Client education is an important part of complementary care. Positive life style changes are encouraged,
and practitioners serve as educators as well as treatment specialists. Complementary medicine is viewed
as holistic health care, which deals not only with the physical perspective, but also the emotional and
spiritual components of the individual.

TYPES OF COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES

 Herbal medicine.
 Acupuncture and acupressure.
 Diet and nutrition
 Chiropractic medicine.
 Therapeutic touch and massage.
 Yoga.
 Pet therapy.

54
THERAPEUTIC TOUCH AND MASSAGE

Therapeutic Touch:

 Therapeutic touch was developed in the 1970s by Dolores Krieger, a nurse associated with the
New York University School of Nursing.

 A good relaxation technique

 Just like JPMR
 Time consuming
 Culture friendly

 It is based on the philosophy that the human body projects a field of energy. When this field
becomes blocked, pain or illness occurs. Practitioners of therapeutic touch use this method to
correct the blockages, thereby relieving the discomfort and improving health.

55
  Based on the premise that the energy field extends beyond the surface of the body, the
practitioner need not actually touch the client’s skin.
 The therapist’s hands are passed over the client’s body, remaining two to four inches from the
skin. The goal is to re-pattern the energy field by performing slow, rhythmic, sweeping hand
motions over the entire body.
 Heat should be felt where the energy is blocked. The therapist “massages” the energy field in
that area, smoothing it out, and thus correcting the obstruction.
 Therapeutic touch is thought to reduce pain and anxiety and promote relaxation and health
maintenance. It has proved to be useful in the treatment of chronic health conditions.

Psychological effects of therapeutic touch:

 Appreciation of Care Received

 Enhanced Relationship with Nurse
 Increased Self Confidence
 Physiological and Psychological Effects
 Improve Overall Sense of Wellbeing

How therapeutic touch heals:

Cleanses the body of built up toxins

 Relieves pain
 Calms the mind and emotions
 Relaxes
 Reduces stress, and
 Accelerates the body's natural ability to heal itself at the same time promoting a state of
 Total relaxation and well-being.

Massage:

56
Massage is the technique of manipulating the muscles and soft tissues of the body. Chinese physicians
prescribed massage for the treatment of disease more than 5000 years ago. The Eastern style focuses on
balancing the body’s vital energy (qi) as it flows through pathways (meridians).

 The Western style of massage affects muscles, connective tissues (e.g., tendons and ligaments),
and the cardiovascular system.
 Swedish massage, which is probably the best-known Western style, uses a variety of gliding
and kneading strokes along with deep circular movements and vibrations to relax the muscles,
improve circulation, and increase mobility (Trivieri &Anderson, 2002).

Purpose

Manipulates the body’s tissues to:

 Reduce muscle spasm

 Promote relaxation
 Improve blood flow
 Increase venous drainage

Types of Massage

Basic Strokes:

 Effleurage
 Pétrissage
 Tapotement
 Vibration
 Friction

57
Myofascial Release:

 Skin Rolling
 Focused Stretching
 J-Stroke
 Arm Pull / Leg Pull
 Diagonal Release

Massage has been shown to be beneficial in the following conditions: Anxiety, chronic back and neck
pain, arthritis, sciatica, migraine headaches, muscle spasms, insomnia, pain of labor and delivery, stress-
related disorders, and whiplash.

INDICATIONS

 Increase blood flow

 Facilitate healing
 Increase range of motion

58
  Remove edema
 Alleviate muscle cramps
 Stretch scar tissue/adhesions
 Decrease pain

CONTRAINDICATED IN CERTAIN CONDITIONS:

 Such as high blood pressure, acute infection, osteoporosis, phlebitis, skin conditions, and
varicose veins. It also should not be performed over the site of a recent injury, bruise, or burn.
 Massage therapists require specialized training in a program accredited by the american massage
therapy association and must pass the national certification examination for therapeutic massage
and bodywork.

PROCEDURE:

The therapist uses a light touch or holds his/her hands above the body; the client is usually seated in a
massage chair.

 The therapist uses meditation to identify the energy field around a patient's body, and then to
center and strengthen the connection to the patient's energy field using their hands.
 The therapist does this by scanning the body from head to toe. Their hands are typically held in a
horizontal position, side by side with their thumbs touching and their palms facing the patient in
a butterfly-like shadow.
 Again, there is no direct touch between healer and patient.
 The practitioner will sense the blockages in the body in hot and cold sensations.

CONCLUSION

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term commonly used to describe a broad
range of healing philosophies, approaches and therapies that focus on the whole person including bio-
psychosocial and spiritual aspect.CAM therapies when used alone referred as alternative
therapies.When CAM therapies are used in combination with other conventional therapies referred as
complementary therapies.The term “alternative medicine” describes any form of medicine or healing
that does not fall into conventional medical practice.

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9. The role of complementary and alternative medicine

BMJ 2000; 321 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1133 (Published 04 November 2000)

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………..

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