ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR
INTRODUCTION

 Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of

factors that affect how individuals and
groups act in organizations and how
organizations manage their environments.
 The study of Organizational Behavior
(OB) is very interesting and challenging
too. It is related to individuals, group of
people working together in teams. The
study becomes more challenging when
situational factors interact. The study of
organizational behavior relates to the
expected behavior of an individual in the
organization.
MEANING OF
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
 ORGANIZATION- It is a group of people
who are collected to work for a common
goal with collective efforts.

BEHAVIOR- It is a verbal or physical

response shown by a person as a
consequence of the impact of his/her
surrounding.
 DEFINITION
 Organizational behavior is a systematic study of
the action and attitudes that people exhibit
within an organization.
Stephen.P.Robins
 Organizational behavior is the study and
application of knowledge about how people,
individuals, groups act in an organization.
LM Prasad
 Organizational behavior is concerned with
understanding, predicting, and controlling
human behavior in an organization.
GOALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
 To describe how people behave under a
variety of conditions.
 To understand why people behave as they
do.
 To control and develop human activity at
work to improve productivity, skill,
improvement, team effort etc.
 To predict future employee behavior.
OBJECTIVES ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
To analyse different perspective and potentialities
to create and develop the ethical values in an
organization,
To analyse the potentialities towards the ways and
means to conduct and organize the systems,
methods and approaches for organization
development in an organization,
 To analyse the potentialities to develop process,
methods and approaches of formal and informal
patterns of organization and society,
To analyse the mutual interest of individual and
group. Mutual interest is represented by the
statement ‘Organization needs people, and
people also need organization’,
To analyse and evaluate the role of different key
elements like people, structure, technology
interactive behavior and environment etc.
To analyse and evaluate the behavioral
approaches in organization. In context of that all
of them are based on ‘Art’ and ‘Science’,
SCOPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Organizational behavior is the study of human
behavior at work in organizations. Accordingly
the scope of OB includes the study of
individuals, groups and organization/structure.
The aspects of
these three are-
1. INDIVIDUALS: - The study of individuals,
therefore, includes aspects as personality, perception,
attitudes, values, job satisfaction, learning and
motivation.
2. GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS: - Groups include
aspects such as group dynamics, group conflicts,
communication, leadership, power and politics and the
like.
3. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE:- The study of
organization/structure includes aspects such as
formation of organizational structure, culture and
change and development.
NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

1.A Separate Field of Study and Not a

Discipline Only:
By definition, a
discipline is an accepted science that is based on a
theoretical foundation. But, O.B. has a multi-
interdisciplinary orientation and is, thus, not
based on a specific theoretical background.
Therefore, it is better reasonable to call O.B. a
separate field of study rather than a discipline
only.
2. An Interdisciplinary Approach:

Organizational behavior is essentially an

interdisciplinary approach to study human
behaviour at work. It tries to integrate the relevant
knowledge drawn from related disciplines like
psychology, sociology and anthropology to make
them applicable for studying and analysing
organizational behaviour.
3. An Applied Science:
O.B. involves both applied research and its
application in organizational analysis.
Hence, O.B. can be called both science as
well as art.
4. A Normative Science:
Organizational
Behavior is a normative science also. While the
positive science discusses only cause effect
relationship, O.B. prescribes how the findings
of applied researches can be applied to socially
accepted organizational goals. Thus, O.B. deals
with what is accepted by individuals and
society engaged in an organization.
5. A Humanistic and Optimistic Approach:

Organizational Behavior applies humanistic

approach towards people working in the
organization. It, deals with the thinking and
feeling of human beings. O.B. is based on the
belief that people have an innate desire to be
independent, creative and productive.
6. A Total System Approach:
The system
approach is one that integrates all the variables,
affecting organizational functioning. The systems
approach has been developed by the behavioral
scientists to analyse human behavior in view of
his/her socio-psychological framework. Man’s
socio- psychological framework makes man a
complex one and the systems approach tries to
study his/her complexity and find solution to it.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

 Humanistic value: Positive beliefs about the

potential of employees .
 Systems orientation: All parts of the
organization include structure, technology, and
people must work together.
 Experimental learning: The learners experiences
in the training environment should be the kind
of human problems they encounter in work. The
training should not be all theory and lecture.
 Problem solving: Problems are identified, data
is gathered, corrective action is taken, progress
is assessed and adjustments in the problem
solving process are made as needed.
 Contingency orientation: Actions are selected
and adapted to fit the need.
 Change agent: Stimulate, facilitate, and
coordinate change.
 Levels of interventions: Problems can occur at
one or more level in the organization so the
strategy will require one or more interventions.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR

Following points discuss the three levels briefly:

1. INDIVIDUAL LEVEL –
Deals with the
concepts at the individual level. Examples of
individual-level concepts are perception,
personality, learning, motivation, and attitude.
2. GROUP LEVEL –
Deals with the concepts at
the group level. Examples of group-level
concepts are team, conflict, leadership, power,
and politics. Group-level concepts may include
how groups are formed, how to make effective
teams, how individually and collectively the
group activities can be improved, how to
motivate employees, and which type of group
would be suitable for a particular assignment.
3.ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL –
Deals with the concepts at the
organizational level. Examples of organizational-
level concepts are change management and
organizational culture. Other topics discussed at
organizational level include the concept of
organization, different organizational models, and
organizational change along with its impact and
implementation. The working conditions and stress
management are also discussed at the
IMPORTANCE OF
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
 Helps an individual to understand himself
and others better..
 It provides road map to our lives in
organizations.
 The manager understands the basis of
motivation of subordinates.
 It is also useful in the field of marketing
 CONTINUED
 Itwill be successful in maintaining
coordinal industrial marketing.
 OB helps in predicting the behavior of
the individual.
 Enables a manager to motivate his
subordinates towards higher
productivity and better results.
ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR:- 4 Basic Aspects
Organization behaviour focuses on three levels
of analysis- individuals, groups and organizations.
Organization behaviour is multidisciplinary in
nature.
Organization behaviour and its aspects are more
relevant to different disciplines like psychology,
groups’ dynamics, sociology, organizational
culture, anthropology, interpersonal conflicts,
political science, management science, etc.,
Organizational behaviour are applicable in
behavioural science.
ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

PEOPLE
STRUCTURE
TECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT
PEOPLE-
People refer to different employees working in
organizations. These peoples work as either individually
or in groups and make up the whole working structure of
the organization.

STRUCTURE-
Structure is related to the roles and
relationship of different individuals working in an
organization. It is important that the roles and
responsibility of each individual working in an
TECHNOLOGY-
Technology is the one with the help
of which employees are able to perform their task
effectively. In its absences, it is difficult for employees to
work with bare hands. Technology makes the task and
work of people easy.
It includes different machines, methods, tools and
resources. The requirement of technology depends upon
the nature of work to be done and scale of operations.
Technology has an important role in improving the work
quality and reducing the cost of production.
ENVIRONMENT-
Environment is a crucial part
of organization behavior. There are two types of
environment within which organization exist that is
the internal environment and external environment.
Internal environment refers to organization culture,
its structure and its resources. Whereas the external
environment includes various political, social,
economic, cultural and technological factors. All
these factors have different influence on the working
of the organization and need to be studied properly.
FACTORS AFFECTING OF
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR:-
1. Individual,
2. Group,
3. Organizational Structure,
4. Technology and
5. Business Environment
•INDIVIDUAL:- People are valuable resources of every
organization. Individual is the most important component
of OB . For example, personality, attitude, learning,
perception, values, ethics, norms, motivation, culture,
thought process, family background, etc.
Conti…..
•GROUP:- An organization is a group of two or
more persons, who collectively work for attainment
of set objectives on a continuous basis Therefore,
group factors such as communication, group
processes, group decision making, comparative
values, cross cultural attitudes, etc., affect OB.
•ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE/DESIGN:
Organizational structure or design depends on
division of work, departmentalization, hierarchy
and coordination. These factors vary in different
organizations. Moreover, power relationships,
extent of decentralization, reporting methods and
work procedures also differ in organizations.
Conti….
•TECHNOLOGY: The most important thing to
achieve organizational goals is performance of
assigned jobs by the employees. If the employees
perform their jobs in time, then only organizational
goals can be achieved. The work is performed with
the help of technology i.e. with technique and
equipment.
•BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT:-
The surroundings of a business in which it
operates is called business environment. Business
environment is composed of external and internal
factors.
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR:-
Organizational behaviour is based mainly on two
main principles:
1. NATURE OF THE PEOPLE, AND
2. NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION.
1. NATURE OF THE PEOPLE:
(i) Individual differences,
(ii) Whole person,
(iii) Caused behaviour, and
(iv) Human dignity.
2. NATURE OF ORGANIZATION:
Nature of organization has two aspects:
(i) Social system.
(ii) Mutual interests.
 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
MODELS
Given by Keith Davis and Newstorm are:
There are four major models or frameworks that
organizations operate out of-

1. AUTOCRATIC MODEL,

2. CUSTODIAL MODEL,

3. SUPPORTIVEMODEL, AND
AUTOCRATIC MODEL:
The basis of this
model is power with a managerial orientation of
authority. The employees in turn are oriented
towards obedience and dependence on the boss.
The employee need that is met is subsistence. The
performance result is minimal.
 e.g, Defence team because here officer hold
power and authority to obey them and the
soldiers are obedient to execute officers.
 CUSTODIAL MODEL:
The basis of this model is economic
resources with a managerial orientation of money. The
employees in turn are oriented towards security and
benefits and dependence on the organization. The
employee need that is met is security. The performance
result is passive cooperation.
 e,g. Garments factory because here it is based on
economical resource. Here laborers execute their job
for security and benefit, again here if an organization
do well then employee get better benefit.
 2. SUPPORTIVE MODEL:
The basis of this model is
leadership with a managerial orientation of
support. The employees in turn are oriented
towards job performance and participation. The
employee need that is met is status and recognition.
The performance result is awakened drives.
 E.g. software firm, because here leaders support
their employee to perform their tasks or their
project
 COLLEGIAL MODEL:
The basis of this model is
partnership with a managerial orientation of
teamwork. The employees in turn are oriented
towards responsible behavior and self-discipline.
The employee need that is met is self-actualization.
The performance result is moderate enthusiasm.
 E.g. Social organization such as willingly blood
donation organization. Because here everyone
work as a team and each member takes
ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR:-
1. Understanding Human Behaviour,
2. Controlling and Directing Behaviour and
3. Organizational Adaptation
1. Understanding Human Behaviour:
Organizational Behaviour provides a way for
understanding human behaviour in the
Organization-
 Individual level,
 Interpersonal level,
 Group level and
 Intergroup level.
2. CONTROLLING AND DIRECTING
BEHAVIOUR:
After understanding the mechanism of
human behaviour, managers are required to
control and direct the behaviour

 Use of Power and Sanction:

Leadership:
Communication:
Organizational Climate:
CONCLUSION
 Organizational behavior is the application of
knowledge about how peoples, individuals, and
groups act and react in an organization, in
order to reach and accomplish the highest
quality of performances, and dominant results.
 One way for an organization to become more
innovative is to capitalize on its own
employee’s to innovate. All organization and
groups experience the direct relationship
between job satisfaction, and performance.
THANK YOU