WORD FORM

1. Mortal
- Mortal (adj) /ˈmɔːtl/
+ That cannot live forever and must die
Ex: We are all mortal.
+ Causing death or likely to cause death; very serious
Ex: Her reputation suffered a mortal blow as a result of the scandal.
+  Lasting until death
Ex: They were locked in mortal combat 
- Mortal (n) /ˈmɔːtl/
+ a human, especially an ordinary person with little power or influence = Human being
Ex: Such things are not for mere mortals like ourselves.
- Mortality /mɔːˈtæləti/
+ [uncountable] the state of being human and not living forever
Ex: After her mother's death, she became acutely aware of her own mortality.
+ [uncountable] the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time
Ex: Mortality from lung cancer is still increasing
- Mortally /ˈmɔːtəli/
+ causing or resulting in death/ extremely
Ex: - Mortally wounded/ill
- Mortally afraid/offended
- Immortal /ɪˈmɔːtl/
+ That lives or lasts forever
Ex: In the poem, Satan vows revenge and immortal hate.
+famous and likely to be remembered forever
Ex:In the immortal words of Henry Ford, ‘If it ain't broke, don't fix it.’
2. Valid
- Valid (a) /ˈvælɪd/
+ that is legally or officially acceptable
Ex: He bought a bus pass valid for one month.
+ based on what is logical or true
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Ex: he point you make is perfectly valid.
+ that is accepted by the system
Ex: a valid password
- Validate (v) /ˈvælɪdeɪt/
+ prove that something is true
Ex: The research findings do not validate the claims made by the manufacturer.
+ make something legally recognized
Ex: validate a contract
+ recognize the value of a person or their feelings or opinions; to make somebody feel valued
Ex: Be sure to validate your child's feelings—don't minimize them.
- Validation (n) /ˌvælɪˈdeɪʃn/
+ [uncountable, countable] the act of proving that something is true or correct
Ex: There must be some form of external validation of the data.
+ [uncountable, countable] the act of making something legally recognized
Ex: validation of web service contracts
+[uncountable, countable] the act of stating officially that something is useful and of an acceptable
standard
Ex: an agreement on the validation of the institution's degree courses
- Validity (n) /vəˈlɪdəti/

+ the state of being legally or officially acceptable

Ex: The period of validity of the agreement has expired.
+  the state of being logical and true
Ex: We had doubts about the validity of their argument.
3. Eliminate
- Eliminate (v) /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/
+ remove or get rid of something
Ex: Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.

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-) Eliminate something from something
+ stop considering that somebody/something might be responsible for something or chosen for something
Ex:  The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation.
+ [usually passive] to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc
= Knock out
Ex: All the English teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition.
+ kill somebody, especially an enemy or opponent
Ex: Most of the regime's left-wing opponents were eliminated.
- Elimation (n) /ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃn/
+ [uncountable] the process of removing or getting rid of something completely
Ex: - Elimination (of something) the elimination of disease/poverty/crime
  - Elimination (of something) from something the elimination of toxins from the body
+ [countable, uncountable] the act or process of defeating a person or a team so that they no longer take
part in a competition, etc.
Ex: -There were three eliminations in the first round of the competition.
  -Elimination (of something/somebody) (from something) -)  A 1–1 draw confirmed their elimination from
the tournament.

4. Ambiguity
- Ambiguity (n) /ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/
+[uncountable] the state of having more than one possible meaning
Ex: Write clear definitions in order to avoid ambiguity.
+  the state of being difficult to understand or explain because of involving many different aspects
Ex: You must understand the ambiguity of my position.
- Ambiguous (a) /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/
+ that can be understood in more than one way; having different meanings
Ex: an ambiguous word/term/statement
+ not clearly stated or defined
Ex: His role has always been ambiguous.
5. Attribute
- Attribute (v) /əˈtrɪbjuːt/
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 + attribute something to something to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing
Ex: She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.
+ attribute something to somebody to say or believe that somebody is responsible for doing something,
especially for saying, writing or painting something
Ex: This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare.
+ Regard a quality or feature as belonging to somebody/something
Ex: The committee refused to attribute blame without further information.
- Attribute (n) /ˈætrɪbjuːt/
+ a quality or feature of somebody/something
Ex: Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.
- Attribution (n) /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃn/
+ [uncountable] attribution (of something) (to something) the act of saying or believing that something
is the result of a particular thing
Ex: incorrect attribution of the cause of death
+ [uncountable, countable] attribution (of something) (to somebody) the act of saying or believing that
somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something
Ex: The attribution of this painting to Rembrandt has never been questioned.
+ [uncountable, countable] the act of regarding a quality or feature as belonging to somebody/something
Ex: the attribution of legal responsiblity

6. Insist
- Insist (v) /ɪnˈsɪst/
+ demand that something happen or that somebody agree to do something
Ex: I didn't really want to go but he insisted.
+  state clearly that something is true, especially when other people do not believe you
Ex: He insisted on his innocence.

- Insistent (a) /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

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 + demanding something and refusing to accept any opposition or excuses
Ex: She didn't want to go but her brother was insistent.
+ continuing for a long period of time in a way that cannot be ignored
Ex: Insistent demands
- Insistence (n) /ɪnˈsɪstəns/
+ an act of demanding or saying something clearly and refusing to accept any opposition or excuses
Ex: - At somebody's insistence At her insistence, the matter was dropped.
- insistence on/upon (doing) something their insistence on strict standards of behaviour
 - insistence that… No one was convinced by his insistence that he was not to blame.
7. Consistency
- Consistency (n) /kənˈsɪstənsi/
+ the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.; the
quality of being consistent
Ex: She has played with great consistency all season.
+ [countable, uncountable] the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick, smooth, etc. it
is
Ex: Beat the ingredients together to a creamy consistency.
- Consistent (a) /kənˈsɪstənt/
+always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.
Ex: -a consistent approach to the problem
- consistent in something She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.
  - consistent in doing something We must be consistent in applying the rules.
+ happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time
Ex: We have had enough of the party's consistent failure to come up with any new policies.
+ consistent with something in agreement with something; not contradicting something
Ex: The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
8. Substitute
- Substitute (n) /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/
+ a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have
-) substitute for somebody/something Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.persist
+ a player who replaces another player in a sports game
Ex: He was brought on as (a) substitute after half-time.
- Substitute (v) /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/
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 + to take the place of somebody/something else; to use somebody/something instead of somebody/something else
Ex: Substitute for somebody/something.  Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.
- Substitution (n) /ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃn/
+ an act of using one person or thing in the place of another
Ex : Two substitutions were made during the game.
-Substitution of A for B -) the substitution of low-fat spreads for butter
-Substitution of B with A -) the substitution of butter with low-fat spreads
9. Superstition
- Superstition (n) /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃn/
+ the belief that particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained by reason or science; the
belief that particular events bring good or bad luck
Ex: According to superstition, breaking a mirror brings bad luck.
- Superstitious (a) /ˌsuːpəˈstɪʃəs/
+ believing in superstitions
Ex: - Superstitious beliefs
-I'm superstitious about the number 13.
10. Disrupt
- Disrupt (v) /dɪsˈrʌpt/
+ make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way
Ex: Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.
-Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.

- Disruption (n) /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/

+ disruption (to somebody/something) a situation in which it is difficult for something to continue in the normal
way; the act of stopping something from continuing in the normal way
Ex: We aim to help you move house with minimum disruption to yourself.
- Disruptive (a) /dɪsˈrʌptɪv/
+ causing problems, noise, etc. so that something cannot continue normally

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Ex: She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.
+ new and original, in a way that causes major changes to how something is done
Ex: Printing in 3D is a disruptive technology which may transform manufacturing.
11. Corrupt
- Corrupt (a) /kəˈrʌpt/
+ willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage
Ex: It was seen as the only way to overthrow a corrupt regime.
+ not honest or moral
Ex: They had been engaged in corrupt practices.
- Corrupt (v) /kəˈrʌpt/
+ corrupt (somebody) to have a bad effect on somebody and make them behave in a way that is not
honest or moral
Ex He was corrupted by power and ambition
+ [transitive, often passive] corrupt something to change the original form of something, so that it is
damaged or made less good in some way
Ex: a corrupted form of Buddhism
+ [transitive, intransitive] corrupt (something) (computing) to cause mistakes to appear in a computer
file, etc. with the result that the information in it is no longer correct; (of a computer file, etc.) to start containing
mistakes
Ex: The program has somehow corrupted the system files.
- Corruptible (a) /kəˈrʌptəbl/
+ able to be made to do something dishonest or immoral:
Ex: Some people have more confidence in women because they feel they are less corruptible.
- Corruption (n) /kəˈrʌpʃn/
+ [uncountable] dishonest or illegal behaviour, especially of people in authority
Ex: allegations of bribery and corruption
+  [uncountable] the act or effect of making somebody change from moral to immoral standards of
behaviour
Ex: He claimed that sex and violence on TV led to the corruption of young people.
- Incorruptible (a) /ˌɪnkəˈrʌptəbl/
+ not able to be persuaded to do something wrong or dishonest, even if somebody offers them money
Ex: Bribery won’t work with him. He’s incorruptible.
12. Reside
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- Reside (v) /rɪˈzaɪd/
+ to live in a particular place
Ex: He returned to Britain in 1939, having resided abroad for many years.
- Residence (n) /ˈrezɪdəns/
+ [countable] a house, especially a large or impressive one
Ex: a desirable family residence for sale (= for example, in an advertisement)
-10 Downing Street is the British Prime Minister’s official residence.
+  [uncountable] the state of living in a particular place
Ex: They were not able to take up residence in their new home until the spring.
- Residency (n) /ˈrezɪdənsi/
+  [uncountable] permission to live in a country that is not your own
Ex: She has been granted permanent residency in Britain.
+ [uncountable, countable] the period of time that an artist, a writer or a musician spends working for a
particular institution
13. Vacant
- Vacant (a) /ˈveɪkənt/
+ (of a seat, hotel room, house, etc.) empty; not being used = Unoccupied
Ex: There are very few vacant properties available in the area.
+  if a job in a company is vacant, nobody is doing it and it is available for somebody to take
Ex: When the post finally fell (= became) vacant, they offered it to Fiona.
+ (of a look, an expression, etc.) showing no sign that the person is thinking of anything
Ex: a vacant look
- Vacancy (n) /ˈveɪkənsi/
+ [countable] a job that is available for somebody to do
Ex: - job vacancies
-  vacancy (for somebody/something) vacancies for bar staff
- fill a vacancy
-There’s a vacancy in the accounts department.
+[countable] a room that is available in a hotel, etc.
Ex: I'm sorry, we have no vacancies.
14. Avoidable
- Avoidable (a) /əˈvɔɪdəbl/

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 + that can be prevented
Ex: Many deaths from heart disease are actually avoidable.
- Avoidance (n) /əˈvɔɪdəns/
+ avoidance (of something) not doing something; preventing something from existing or happening
Ex: A person's health improves with the avoidance of stress.
- Unavoidable (a) /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl/
+ impossible to avoid or prevent
Ex: Unavoidable delays
- Recession at the time seemed unavoidable
15. Humiliate
- Humiliate (v) /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/
+ humiliate somebody/yourself/something to make somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the
respect of other people
Ex: I didn't want to humiliate her in front of her colleagues.
- Humiliating (a) /hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/
+ making somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people
Ex: a humiliating defeat
- Humiliation (n) /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃn/
+ a feeling of being ashamed or stupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of making
somebody feel like this
Ex: She suffered the humiliation of being criticized in public.
- Humility (n) /hjuːˈmɪləti/
+ the quality of not thinking that you are better than other people; the quality of being humble
Ex: Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility.
16. Transmit
- Transmit (v) /trænzˈmɪt/
+ send an electronic signal, radio or television broadcast, etc.
Ex: Signals transmitted from a satellite
+ pass something from one person to another = Transfer
Ex:  Transmit something -) sexually transmitted diseases
  -Transmit something to somebody -) Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children
- Transmission (n) /trænzˈmɪʃn/

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 + [uncountable] the act or process of passing something from one person, place or thing to another
Ex: the transmission of the disease
+ [uncountable] the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or
television programme
Ex: The transmission of computer data along telephone lines
17. Emit
- Emit (v) /iˈmɪt/
+ send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
Ex: The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.
- Emission (n)/ɪˈmɪʃn/
+  [uncountable] (formal) the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.
Ex: The emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
+  [countable] gas, etc. that is sent out into the air
Ex: The government has pledged to clean up industrial emissions.

18. Admit
- Admit (v) /ədˈmɪt/
+ [intransitive, transitive] to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true = Confess
Ex: It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.
  admit to something Don't be afraid to admit to your mistakes.
  admit to doing something She admits to being strict with her children.

  admit something He admitted all his mistake

+[intransitive, transitive] to say that you have done something wrong or illegal

Ex: The hospital has admitted liability for the accident.

- Admission (n) /ədˈmɪʃn/
+ the act of accepting somebody into an institution, organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join
an institution or organization
Ex: Hospital admission is not necessary in most cases.
+[countable] a statement in which somebody admits that something is true, especially something wrong
or bad that they have done
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Ex: He is a thief by his own admission
 admission of something an admission of guilt/failure/defeat
  admission that… The minister's resignation was an admission that she had lied.

+ [uncountable] the amount of money that you pay to go into a building or to an event

Ex: admission charges/prices

19. Submit
- Submit (v) /səbˈmɪt/
+  [transitive] to give a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that they can study or consider it

  submit something to submit an application/a claim/a proposal

 Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.

  submit something to somebody/something She submitted her report to the committee.

 Articles should be submitted electronically as email attachments

+ [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to accept the authority, control or greater strength of somebody/something;

to agree to something because of this

  submit to somebody/something -)  She refused to submit to threats.

  submit yourself to somebody/something -) He submitted himself to a search by the guards.

- Submission (n) /səbˈmɪʃn/

+ [uncountable] the act of accepting that somebody has defeated you and that you must obey them

Ex:- beat/force/starve somebody into submission

-His response was one of resistance, not submission.

+ [uncountable, countable] the act of giving a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that they can
study or consider it; the document, etc. that you give

Ex: When is the final date for the submission of proposals?

20. Permit
- Permit (v) /pəˈmɪt/
+ [transitive, often passive] to allow somebody to do something or to allow something to happen
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  Ex:  be permitted Mobile phones are not permitted in the examination room.
  be permitted something We were not permitted any contact with each other.

  be permitted to do something Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.

  permit something The owners have been unwilling to permit the use of their land.

 There are fines for exceeding permitted levels of noise pollution.

+ make something possible

Ex: We hope to visit the cathedral, if time permits.

- Permission /pəˈmɪʃn/

+[uncountable] the act of allowing somebody to do something, especially when this is done by somebody in a
position of authority

Ex: - Permission for something You must ask permission for all major expenditure.

- Permission to do something After much persuasion, permission was granted to speak to the refugees at the camp.

+ [countable, usually plural] an official written statement allowing somebody to do something

Ex: The publisher is responsible for obtaining the necessary permissions to reproduce illustrations.

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