A Complete Chapter Quiz

Congestion Control and

Quality of Service

Compilation of all the quizzes (MCQs) for each and every chapters in the book of Data
Communications and Networking 4th Edition by Behrouz A. Forouzan.

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1. _______ is a flow characteristic that B) Delay
applications can tolerate in different C) Jitter
degrees. D) Bandwidth
A) Reliability 7. In a network, after the load reaches the
B) Delay capacity, throughput _______.
C) Jitter A) increases sharply
D) Bandwidth B) increases proportionally with
2. The _______ defines the maximum the load
data rate of the traffic. C) declines sharply
A) peak data rate D) declines proportionally with the
B) maximum burst size load
C) effective bandwidth 8. In _________ queuing, the packets
D) none of the above are assigned to different classes and
3. In Frame Relay, the _____________ admitted to different queues. The
defines an average rate in bits per queues, however, are weighted based on
second. the priority of the queues; higher priority
A) access rate means a higher weight. The system
B) committed burst size processes packets in each queue in a
C) committed information rate round-robin fashion with the number of
D) excess burst size packets selected from each queue based
4. In ________ congestion control, on the corresponding weight.
policies are applied to prevent A) FIFO
congestion before it happens. B) priority
A) open-loop C) weighted fair
B) closed-loop D) none of the above
C) either (a) or (b) 9. In ATM, the _________ class is a best-
D) neither (a) nor (b) effort delivery service that does not
5. In ________ we try to avoid traffic guarantee anything.
congestion. A) CBR
A) congestion control B) VBR
B) quality of service C) ABR
C) either (a) or (b) D) UBR
D) both (a) and (b) 10. The________ normally refers to the
6. _________ is a characteristic that a maximum length of time the traffic is
flow needs. Lack of it means losing a generated at the peak rate.
packet or acknowledgment, which entails A) peak data rate
retransmission. B) maximum burst size
A) Reliability C) effective bandwidth

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D) none of the above A) Integrated Services
11. In _______ congestion control, B) Differentiated Services
mechanisms are used to alleviate C) Connectionless
congestion after it happens. D) Connection-Oriented
A) open-loop 17. A _________ traffic model has a data
B) closed-loop rate that does not change.
C) either (a) or (b) A) constant bit rate
D) neither (a) nor (b) B) variable bit rate
12. _______ happens in any system that C) bursty
involves waiting. D) none of the above
A) Congestion 18. ________ is the variation in delay for
B) Jamming packets belonging to the same flow.
C) Error A) Reliability
D) none of the above B) Delay
13. In the ________ algorithm of TCP, C) Jitter
the size of the congestion window D) Bandwidth
increases exponentially until it reaches a 19. A ___________ is a packet sent by a
threshold. node to the source to inform it of
A) slow-start congestion.
B) congestion avoidance A) backpressure
C) congestion detection B) choke packet
D) none of the above C) implicit signaling
14. In Frame Relay, the user can never D) explicit signaling
exceed the_________. 20. In ATM, the _________ class delivers
A) access rate cells at a minimum rate. If more network
B) committed burst size capacity is available, this minimum rate
C) committed information rate can be exceeded.
D) excess burst size A) CBR
15. In the ___________ algorithm of B) VBR
TCP, the size of the threshold is dropped C) ABR
to one-half, a multiplicative decrease. D) UBR
A) slow-start 21. In the ________ traffic model, the
B) congestion avoidance rate of the data flow changes in time, with
C) congestion detection the changes smooth instead of sudden
D) none of the above and sharp.
16. In _________, when a source makes A) constant bit rate
a reservation, it needs to define a flow B) variable bit rate
specification. C) bursty

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D) none of the above C) weighted fair
22. In __________, there is no D) none of the above
communication between the congested 27. Traditionally, ________types of
node or nodes and the source. The characteristics are attributed to a flow.
source guesses that there is a A) two
congestion somewhere in the network B) three
from other symptoms. C) four
A) backpressure D) five
B) choke packet 28. In Frame Relay, the ___________ is
C) implicit signaling the maximum number of bits in excess of
D) explicit signaling Bc that a user can send during a
23. In a network, when the load reaches predefined time.
the network capacity, the delay _______. A) access rate
A) increases sharply B) committed burst size
B) decreases sharply C) committed information rate
C) remains constant D) excess burst size
D) cannot be predicted 29. In a network, when the load is below
24. The technique of ________refers to the capacity of the network, the
a congestion control mechanism in which throughput ______________.
a congested node stops receiving data A) increases sharply
from the immediate upstream node or B) increases proportionally with
nodes. the load
A) backpressure C) declines sharply
B) choke packet D) declines proportionally with the
C) implicit signaling load
D) explicit signaling 30. In the __________ method, the
25. In ________ queuing, packets are signal is included in the packets that
first assigned to a priority class. Each carry data.
class has its own queue. A) backpressure
A) FIFO B) choke packet
B) priority C) implicit signaling
C) weighted fair D) explicit signaling
D) none of the above 31. In a network, when the load is much
26. In ________, queuing packets wait in less than the capacity of the network, the
a buffer (queue) until the node (router or delay is _________.
switch) is ready to process them. A) at a maximum
A) FIFO B) at a minimum
B) priority C) constant

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D) none of the above increases additively until congestion is
32. Congestion in a network or detected.
internetwork occurs because routers and A) slow-start
switches have _______. B) congestion avoidance
A) tables C) congestion detection
B) queues D) none of the above
C) crosspoints 38. In ATM, the _________ class is
D) none of the above divided into two subclasses: real-time
33. In _________, we try to create an (VBR-RT) and non-real-time (VBR-NRT).
appropriate environment for the traffic. VBR-RT is designed for those users who
A) congestion control need real-time services (such as voice
B) quality of service and video transmission) and use
C) either (a) or (b) compression techniques to create a
D) both (a) and (b) variable bit rate. VBR-NRT is designed
34. In Frame Relay, the ________ bit for those users who do not need real-time
warns the sender of congestion in the services but use compression
network. techniques to create a variable bit rate.
A) BECN A) CBR
B) FECN B) VBR
C) either (a) or (b) C) ABR
D) neither (a) nor (b) D) UBR
35. In Frame Relay, the ________ bit is 39. Traffic ______ are qualitative values
used to warn the receiver of congestion that represent a data flow.
in the network. A) controls
A) BECN B) descriptors
B) FECN C) values
C) either (a) or (b) D) none of the above
D) neither (a) nor (b) 40. _________ is a class-based QoS
36. The ________ is a function of three model designed for IP.
values: average data rate, peak data A) Integrated Services
rate, and maximum burst size. B) Differentiated Services
A) peak data rate C) Connectionless
B) maximum burst size D) Connection-Oriented
C) effective bandwidth 41. In the ______ bucket algorithm,
D) none of the above bursty chunks are stored in the bucket
37. In the _________ algorithm of TCP, and sent out at an average rate.
the size of the congestion window A) leaky
B) token

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C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
42. The _______ bucket algorithm allows
idle hosts to accumulate credit for the
future in the form of tokens.
A) leaky
B) token
C) either (a) or (b)
D) neither (a) nor (b)
43. In ATM, the _________ class is
designed for customers who need real-
time audio or video services. The service
is similar to that provided by a dedicated
line such as a T line.
A) CBR
B) VBR
C) ABR
D) UBR
44. In the ______ traffic model, the data
rate changes suddenly in a very short
time.
A) constant bit rate
B) variable bit rate
C) bursty
D) none of the above
45. In Frame Relay, a ___________ is
the maximum number of bits in a
predefined time that the network is
committed to transfer without discarding
any frame or setting the DE bit.
A) access rate
B) committed burst size
C) committed information rate
D) excess burst size

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