Mineral in Action

11 - Marangal
Nazario
Niar

Earth Science Teacher Palomaria Emilio Aguinaldo College

Sir Mark Sinatad Cavite Campus
 1. Phone

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

1. Silica Sand -Silica Sand- -Silicon- -Sphalerite-
The silica minerals when pure are Exists as a solid at room is found hydrothermal activity
2. Silicon
colorless and transparent and temperature and pressure. And or contacts metamorphism has
3. Sphalerite have a vitreous luster. They are is very brittle. brought hot, acidic, zinc
nonconductors of electricity and bearing fluids in contact with
are diamagnetic. carbonated rocks
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Silica Sand - Unlike construction sands, which are used Silica Sand - construction materials like ceramic and
for their physical properties alone, silica sands are valued glass making. Silica sand is a primary ingredient in glass
for a combination of chemical and physical properties. industry

Silicon - This mineral is one of the most useful element in

Silicon - Elemental silicon is produced commercially by
humankind. This is a major constituent in ceramics and
reducing sand with carbon in an electric furnace.
bricks.

Sphalerite - This mineral is also used as a gemstone... in

Sphalerite - is found where hydrothermal activity or
phone it conducts electricity battery, display, circuitry
contact metamorphism has brought hot, acidic, zinc-
etc.
bearing fluids in contact with carbonate rocks.
 2. Clock

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

1. Iron -Iron-
Iron is a lustrous, ductile, and
2. Nickel
malleable silver-gray metal. It is
3. Silica known to exist in four different
crystalline forms. Iron rusts in wet
air but not in dry air.
-Nickel- -Silica-
Nickel is a hard, silver-white The silica minerals when pure
metal that crystallizes into are colorless and transparent
cubic shapes. It has and have a vitreous lustre.
exceptional strength and
corrosion resistance,is
malleable, and ductile.
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Iron - Impurities and oxygen must be eliminated in order Iron - This mineral is needed to make alloy steels like
to transform iron ore into metallic iron. In order to liberate carbon steels with additives such as nickel, chromium,
the oxygen from the ore, this procedure needs heat and a vanadium, tungsten, and manganese.
reducing agent, which mixes with oxygen.

Nickel - Nickel resists corrosion and is used to plate

Nickel - nickel oxide is removed by reduction furnace
other metals to protect them. It is, however, mainly used
which also greatly reduces the chemical bound water.
in making alloys such as stainless steel.
Resulting in a 75% pure form of nickel.

Silica - use as a food additive, anti-caking agent, as a

Silica - It is formed when silicon is exposed to oxygen. It means to clarify beverages, control viscosity, as an anti-
has a covalent bond and is a superior electric insulator. foaming agent, dough modifier, and as an excipient in
drugs and vitamins.
 3. Paper

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

1. Bentonite -Bentonite- -Kaolin- -Talc-
presents strong colloidal This mineral appears as This mineral is extremely soft,
2. Kaolin
properties and increases its odorless white to yellowish or colorless, color in white, pale
3. Talc volume several times when grayish powder. Kaolin to dark green, or yellowish to
coming into contact with water, contains mainly the clay brown.
creating a gelatinous and viscous mineral Kaolinite, a hydrous
substance. Its specific properties aluminosilicate.
include swelling, water
absorption, viscosity, and
thixotropy.
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Bentonite - This mineral is derived from the alteration, Bentonite - The main uses of bentonite are in drilling mud
over geological time periods, of glassy material emitted and as a binder, purifier, absorbent, and carrier for
from volcanoes, or from the alteration of silica bearing fertilizers or pesticides.
rocks such as granite and basalt.

Kaolin - Kaolin is both dry-and-wet-processed. The dry

Kaolin - This mineral is a layered silicate mineral. Kaolin is
process is simpler and produces a lower quality product
used in ceramics, medicine, as a food additive etc.
than the wet process. Dry-processed Kaolin is used

mainly in the rubber industry, and to lesser extent, for

paper filling and to produce fiberglass and sanitary ware.
Talc - Used as a filler in ceramics, paint, paper, roofing
Talc - This mineral is formed by hydrothermal alteration of materials, plastic and many more.
ultrabasic rocks, or low grade thermal metamorphism of
siliceous dolomites. Talc is an important industrial mineral.
 4. Laptop

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

1. Magnetite -Magnetite- -Galena- -Quartz-
Crystal Form - Octahedron Crystal Form - Cubes and Crystal Form - Prism
2. Galena
Crystal Habit - Granular Octahedra Crystal Habit - Prismatic
3. Quartz Cleavage - None Crystal Habit - Granular Cleavage - None
Luster - Metallic Cleavage - Perfect and cubic Luster - Non-metallic
Color - Black to silvery gray Luster - Metallic Color - White, gray, purple,
Streak - Black Color - Lead gray and silvery yellow, brown, black, pink,
Hardness - 5 to 6.5 Streak - Lead gray green, red, clear.
Hardness - 2.5+ Streak - Colorless
Hardness - 7
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Magnetite - First, the Magnetite was gathered where it Magnetite - Magnetite yields iron ore that helps in
was put into a crusher. After the mineral was crushed, it making steel. Steel is then used to many things such as
was pressurized then was processed to separate iron from laptops, vehicles, and appliances.
it where it'd transform into an acceptable product.

Galena - First, the ore was mined where then it'd be

Galena - Lead came from Galena, wherein Lead is used in
concentrated. There, it will be filtered to collect the
paint, gasoline, and batteries.
important ores in it. Afterwards, it will be smelted,
refined, and there, a lead is formed.

Quartz - First, the quartz is crushed then it would be Quartz - Quartz is most commonly used for manufacturing
scrubbed to remove unwanted stuff. Next, it'd undergo glass, which a lot of things around you have.
wet screening to classify oversize particles. Lastly, it'd go

sand dewatering to make it clean.

 5. Television

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

-Galena-
Crystal Form - Cubes and
1. Galena
Octahedra
2. Quartz
Crystal Habit - Granular
3. Sphalerite Cleavage - Perfect and cubic
Luster - Metallic
Color - Lead gray and silvery
Streak - Lead gray
Hardness - 2.5+
-Quartz-
Crystal Form - Prism
Crystal Habit - Prismatic
Cleavage - None
Luster - Non-metallic
Color - White, gray, purple,
yellow, brown, black, pink,
green, red, clear.
Streak - Colorless
Hardness - 7
-Sphalerite-
Crystal Form - Complex
Crystal Habit - Granular
Cleavage - Perfect perfect
Luster - Non-metallic
Color - Yellow, light to dark
brown, black, red-brown,
colorless, light blue, and
green.
Streak - Pale yellow to brown.
Hardness - 3.5 to 4
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Galena - First, the ore was mined where then it'd be Galena - Lead came from Galena, wherein Lead is used in
concentrated. There, it will be filtered to collect the paint, gasoline, and batteries.

important ores in it. Afterwards, it will be smelted,

refined, and there, a lead is formed.

Quartz - First, the quartz is crushed then it would be Quartz - Quartz is most commonly used for manufacturing

scrubbed to remove unwanted stuff. Next, it'd undergo glass, which a lot of things around you have.
wet screening to classify oversize particles. Lastly, it'd go
sand dewatering to make it clean.

Sphalerite - Just like other minerals, it was first gathered Sphalerite - Sphalerite contains Zinc, where it was used
and concentrated. Next, the mineral is roasted to be as construction materials.
reduced to powder. It is then neutralized and the
contaminants are removed by filtration. The Zinc then

reaches its final form in a foundry.

 6. Refrigerator

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

-Chromite- -Hematite- -Galena-
Crystal Form - Octahedron Crystal Form - Complex Crystal Form - Cubes and
1. Chromite
Crystal Habit - Granular Crystal Habit - Fibrous Octahedra
2. Hematite
Cleavage - None Cleavage - None Crystal Habit - Granular
3. Galena Luster - Metallic Luster - Metallic Cleavage - Perfect and cubic
Color - Black to brownish Color - Metallic Gray Luster - Metallic
black; brown to brownish Streak - Red Color - Lead gray and silvery
black Hardness - 5 to 6 Streak - Lead gray
Streak - Brown Hardness - 2.5+
Hardness - 5.5 to 6
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Chromite - The Chromite is mined and was smelted for it Chromite - Chromite contains chromium that is mainly

to be converted into alloys. used for stainless steel. Some uses of stainless steel are
used in cookware and surgical tools.
Hematite - Hematite goes through a lot of process but

first, it is crushed and grinded. Afterwards iron was

extracted through many means like flotation or magnetic Hematite - Hematite is used in producing pigment and
separation. Lastly, the hematite is concentrated and dried radiation shielding.
to get the high-quality iron powders.

Galena - First, the ore was mined where then it'd be Galena - Lead came from Galena, wherein Lead is used in
concentrated. There, it will be filtered to collect the paint, gasoline, and batteries.
important ores in it. Afterwards, it will be smelted,

refined, and there, a lead is formed.

 7. Earphone

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

-Chalcopyrite- -Chalcopyrite- -Quartz-
Crystal Form - Octahedron Crystal Form - Complex Crystal Form - Prism
1. Chalcopyrite
Crystal Habit - Botryoidal Crystal Habit - Granular Crystal Habit - Prismatic
2. Limonite
Cleavage - Poor Cleavage - None Cleavage - None
3. Quartz Luster - Metallic Luster - Non-metallic Luster - Non-metallic
Color - Brass yellow Color - Yellowish brown to Color - White, gray, purple,
Streak - Greenish black brown to black yellow, brown, black, pink,
Hardness - 3.5 to 4 Streak - Yellowish brown green, red, clear.
Hardness - 1 to 5 Streak - Colorless
Hardness - 7
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Chalcopyrite - Chalcopyrite is processed by the means Chalcopyrite - Chalcopyrite contains copper that is used

of hydrometallurgical or the process of conducting a mostly for electrical devices.

separation and extraction of metals using chemicals.

Limonite - Blast furnace is used to extract Limonite. Limonite - Just like Magnetite, this contains iron that is

used in making steel.

Quartz - First, the quartz is crushed then it would be

scrubbed to remove unwanted stuff. Next, it'd undergo Quartz - Quartz is most commonly used for manufacturing
wet screening to classify oversize particles. Lastly, it'd go glass, which a lot of things around you have.

sand dewatering to make it clean.

 8. Battery

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

-Nickel- -Cobalt- -Graphite-
It is a good conductor of heat •it is a hard ferromagnetic, A good conductor of
1. Nickel
and electricity silver-white, lustrous, brittle electricity( Due to the
2. Cobalt
element. presence of free electrons) and
3. Graphite •It is stable in air and does not good conductor of heat.
react with water.
•Like other metals, it can also
be magnetized.
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Nickel - Nickel - Most mined nickel derives from two

Nickel - The most crucial use of this element is that it is
types of ore deposits that form in very different geological
used to make coins. It is used in making wires.
environments: magmatic sulfide deposits, where the

principal ore mineral is pentlandite, and laterites, where Cobalt - Cobalt is used in many alloys (super alloys for

the principal ore minerals are nickeliferous limonite and parts in gas turbine aircraft engines, corrosion resistant

garnierit alloys, high-speed steels, cemented carbides), in

Cobalt - Cobalt - Most cobalt is formed as a by-product magents and magnetic recording media, as catalysts for
of nickel refining. A huge reserve of several transition the petroleum and chemical industries, as drying agents
metals (including cobalt) can be found in strange nodules
for paints and inks.
on the floors of the deepest oceans.
Graphite - Graphite is used in pencils, lubricants,
Graphite - Graphite - Graphite is formed by the
crucibles, foundry facings, polishes, arc lamps, batteries,
metamorphosis of sediments containing carbonaceous
brushes for electric motors, and cores of nuclear reactors.
material, by the reaction of carbon compounds with

hydrothermal solutions or magmatic fluids, or possibly by It is mined extensively in China, India, Brazil, North Korea,

the crystallization of magmatic carbon. and Canada

 9. Paint
Minerals Present
-Asbestos-
All forms of asbestos are resistant
1. Asbestos
to heat, fire, chemical, and
2. Barites biological break-down. Asbestos
3. Calcite does not dissolve in water or
evaporate. These properties mean
that asbestos fibres do not burn,
do not undergo significant
reactions with most chemicals,
and do not break down
significantly in the environment.
Properties of each mineral
-Barites- -Calcite-
It has a high specific gravity of Calcite is number 3 on the Mohs
4.50 g/cm3. Its Mohs hardness scale; thus, it can be
hardness is 3.0 to 3.5. Barite, scratched readily by a knife blade
which may be found in a variety or geologic pick. It has a specific
of colors including yellow, gravity of 2.71. Three perfect
brown, white, blue, gray, or cleavages give calcite its six-
even colorless, typically has a sided polyhedrons with diamond-
vitreous to pearly luster. shaped faces; the angles defining
the faces are 78° and 102°.
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Asbestos - Contributing to asbestos formation is the Asbestos - Asbestos has also been used in a wide range
faulting and fracturing of these rocks with increased of manufactured goods, mostly in building materials
temperatures, pressures, and the presence of water.
Barytes - Barite is also used in a wide variety of other

applications including plastics, clutch pads, rubber mud

flaps, mold release compounds, radiation shielding,

Barytes - Some smaller mines utilize barite from veins,
which formed when barium sulphate precipitated from hot television and computer monitors, sound-deadening
subterranean waters. material in automobiles, traffic cones, brake linings, paint

and golf balls.

Calcite - Calcite crystal's properties make it one of the

Calcite - Calcite can form by direct precipitation from
most widely used minerals. It is used as a building
waters rich in calcium.
material, abrasive, agricultural soil treatment, construction

aggregate, pigment, pharmaceutical, and other

applications. It has more applications than nearly any
other mineral
 10. Toaster

Minerals Present Properties of each mineral

-Nickel- -Chromium- -Iron-
It is a good conductor of heat and Chromium is a lustrous, brittle, Iron is a lustrous, ductile,
1. Nickel
electricity. hard metal. Its colour is silver-gray malleable, silver-gray metal
2. Chromium
and it can be highly polished. It (group VIII of the periodic table).
3. Iron does not tarnish in air, when It is known to exist in four distinct
heated it borns and forms the crystalline forms. Iron rusts in
green chromic oxide. Chromium is damp air, but not in dry air. It
unstable in oxygen, it immediately dissolves readily in dilute acids.
produces a thin oxide layer that is
impermeable to oxygen and
protects the metal below.
How these minerals are
formed and processed Uses of each minerals

Nickel - Most mined nickel derives from two types of ore Nickel - The most crucial use of this element is that it is
deposits that form in very different geological used to make coins. It is used in making wires.
environments: magmatic sulfide deposits, where the

principal ore mineral is pentlandite, and laterites, where

the principal ore minerals are nickeliferous limonite and Chromium - Chromium is used to harden steel, to
garnier it. manufacture stainless steel (named as it won't rust) and to

Chromium - Chromium metal is usually produced by produce several alloys.

reducing chromite with carbon in an electric-arc furnace,

or reducing chromium(III) oxide with aluminium or silicon.
Iron - Iron is used to make alloy steels like carbon steels
Iron - This iron was mainly in a reduced state (ferrous
with additives such as nickel, chromium, vanadium,
iron), and so when the Earth cooled and rain fell on these
tungsten, and manganese.
Hadean volcanic rocks, iron dissolved and was carried as
ferrous ions to the ocean.
 Resources
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https://geology.com/minerals/galena.shtml
https://geologyscience.com/minerals/quartz/
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Lead.html
https://geologyscience.com/minerals/sphalerite/
https://www.generalkinematics.com/blog/zinc-mining-processing-
everything-need-know/
https://www.mindat.org/min-1036.html
https://geology.com/minerals/chromite.shtml
https://www.minerals.net/mineral/hematite.aspx
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vious%20physical%20properties,a%20much%20higher%20specific%20gravity.
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Techniques_for_Chalcopyrite_Ore_Processing#:~:text=Chalcopyrite%20ores%
20are%20usually%20processed,upsurge%20of%20interest%20in%20the