EARTH SCIENCE

CLASS
With Mr. Fuentiblanca
 LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Objectives:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, YOU
SHOULD BE ABLE TO
Identify common rock-forming
minerals using their
physical and chemical properties.
(S11/12ES-Ia-9)

• identify and describe the different

chemical properties of minerals;

• express realization of the

importance of examining the
chemical properties of minerals
LESSON 3. MINERALS Just remember
NICCS!
aturally-occurring

norganic
rystalline Structure

an be represented by a
chemical formula

olid
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MINERALS
luster hardness
color crystal form/habit
streak cleavage/fracture
Others: odor, taste, magnetism,
specific gravity
 MINERAL GROUPS
Which of the following minerals
belong to the same group?

gold diamond quartz

bismuth olivine talc

 MINERAL GROUPS
The most stable and least
ambiguous basis for classification of
minerals is based on their chemical
composition.
MINERAL GROUPS
 MINERAL GROUPS

1. NATIVE ELEMENTS minerals that

form as individual elements.
a. metals and intermetals
b. non-metals
c. semi-metals
diamond bismuth
gold
 MINERAL GROUPS

1. NATIVE ELEMENTS have high value

because they may require no processing
before being used in manufacturing, as
currency, or for other purposes.

diamond bismuth
MINERAL GROUPS

diamond bismuth
 MINERAL GROUPS
2. SILICATES (Element + SiO4) minerals
containing the two most abundant elements in the
Earth's crust, namely silicon and oxygen. Over 90%
of rock-forming minerals belong to this group.

quartz olivine talc

 MINERAL GROUPS
2. SILICATES (Element + SiO4 ) are extremely
important in the cement, ceramic and glass
industries. Quartz is another example of silicates
with an ideal capability to give a high rhythmic
frequency vibration. These characteristics make
quartz crystals to be used in radios, pressure
gauges, and watches. talc
MINERAL GROUPS

talc
 MINERAL GROUPS
3. OXIDES (Element + O 2 ) minerals composed of
oxygen anion (O2-) combined with one or more
metal ions.
hematite

chromite
magnetite
 MINERAL GROUPS
3. OXIDES (Element + O 2 ) The most important
basic oxides are magnesium oxide (MgO), a good
thermal conductor and electrical insulator that is
used in firebrick and thermal insulation, and
calcium oxide (CaO), also called quicklime or lime,
used extensively in the steel industry and in water
purification
MINERAL GROUPS
 MINERAL GROUPS
4. SULFATES (Element + SO4 ) minerals
containing sulfur and oxygen in the form of the
(SO4 )- anion.

barite anhydrite
 MINERAL GROUPS
4. SULFATES (Element + SO4 ) Sulfate salts are
used in the food industry in a wide variety of
products.
4 These include dietary supplements,
breads, preserved fruits and vegetables, gelatins,
and puddings. The main industrial use of sulfate is
in chemical processing.
MINERAL GROUPS
 MINERAL GROUPS
5. SULFIDES (Element + S2 ) minerals
containing sulfur and a metal; some sulfides are
sources of economically important metals such as
copper, lead, and zinc.
galena

pyrite bornite
 MINERAL GROUPS
5. SULFIDES (Element + S2 ) Rare earth sulfides
are semi-conductors and have been used in
thermoelectric devices. Alkaline earth sulfides plus
those of calcium and zinc are used for phosphor
compositions. Molybdenum and tungsten sulfides
are widely used, non-graphitic commercial
lubricants. bornite
MINERAL GROUPS

bornite
 MINERAL GROUPS
6. CARBONATES(Element + CO3 ) minerals
containing the carbonate (CO 3) 2 - anion combined
with other elements.

calcite
dolomite malachite
 MINERAL GROUPS
6. CARBONATES(Element + CO3 ) The main
uses of carbonates is as raw materials in different
industrial processes such as drug development,
glass making, pulp and paper industry, sodium
chemicals (silicates), soap and detergent
production, paper industry, water softener, clay
and concrete production, among others.
MINERAL GROUPS
 MINERAL GROUPS
7. HALIDES (Element + Halogens) minerals
containing halogen elements combined with one
or more metals.
chlorite fluorite

halite
 MINERAL GROUPS
7. HALIDES (Element + Halogens) Halides are
used in the solder paste. Halogens are incorporated
into organohalides compounds in synthetic organic
chemistry. It is widely used in metal halide lamps
that are high-intensity discharge lamps. They are
used as a supplement to provide sunlight in a rainy
climate or a greenhouse. halite
MINERAL GROUPS

halite
 KEY TAKEAWAY:

Minerals can be identified

using their physical and
chemical characteristics.
 "All that glitters is not gold."
-William Shakespeare

pyrite-"fool's gold" gold