IUPAC NOMENCLATURE

Some 20
common Names
prefin Side Chain Substituent Rules

CHO COOH
1) Select
longestcontinuous carbon
R (alkyl)
OH
-
F Fluovo -
chain
-
Cl Chloro -

CH3 methyl Ifnumber ofcarbon atom in main

-
By Bromo -

245 ethyl chain is same, then select thatchain

Phenol
Benzaldehyde Benzoic Acid Iodo
PropyL which has more branches.
-
I -

CHE
-

NO Nitro
2
is done in such
2) Numbering a

-
- CHz-CH
-

Cry-CH-CHy- way that substituent

gets
di dis
lowestnumber
Furan Thiophene ↑ Pyrole
is
Iffirst pointofdifference
NHy OCH3 isopropyl isobutyl same, then check next point of
N
difference. If substituents
getting
2: same number, the alphabetical
Aniline Pyridine Anisole
City-CH2-CH
-

CHzCH = -
order is
preferred

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE
CH, vinyl
2 -> di ·
di,tri, tetra are not

sec-butyl 3 -
tri in alphabetical
used

suffin (2) 4 tetra order

2
prefice 1"preflic + Word Root
+
Suffin (i) + CH3
+ ->

I
secondary primary primary Secondary Cr (H
=
CH
=

-
ethyl
alRane C-2 Functional CHE methyl

cyclo allyl
8
alkene = C 29. z 4 6

group 3 5 7

Bicyclo
P

alkyne =C CH3
octane
spiro test butyl 6
ethyl-2-methyl
Ch

Word Root CH3 2 ↳ 6 8

9
I I 3 5 7

meth
1-> 3-> Prop 5 -> Pent 7-> Hept 4 NON
-

CH-c-CHz-
6- Hen 8- Oct
dis
10 - Dec
2 Eth 4- But
cyclopentyl NO2
->

octane
4-chloro-3-cthyl-5-nitro
Neopentyl
 I
3

I
2 substituent
I
8 OL
2 4 6
Alcohols
eg. I
5
9 main
-propylcyclopentane -

OH
7 chain
3
W

Complex ketones one

2 one
Substituent
Functional
group -

-
5 -

1,0-dimethyl ethyl) nonane

6 I 2 0H
whichdecide
groupof
atoms atoms
eg.
or I

I
4
3
properties of0
chemical molecule. 5
a

Alkenes And Alkynes

4-methyl heptan-1-oic acid
c(one) c
c(ync) -
=
c or

-
-
-
=

4
2 OH
4
3
H OH H01 8

-
-

eg. eg.
-

I53d
2

·
2-ethyl-3-methyl Buta-1,3-diene
heptane-1,7-dioic acid
2 ↳ 6

eg. I
3
5
7
5-Chloro-hept-1-yne Functional Suffin (s) ifcarbon suffice(s) ifcarbon
Cl
group is includede
is included in main
I
CL chain
& I COOH
eg. 3

Cyclo Compounds 1) Carbonylic oic acid

carboxylic 4

I
3
-
acid

p-oH
or-COOH
acid 5
ho
acid
·

cyclobenane- 1- carbonylic
2
32 2) Aldehyde al Carb aldehyde 2-chloro-5-nitro

cycloprop-l-ene--H
or-CHO
cyclopropane 1-methyl
cyclopropane
eg. city--"Her
doon down book
mitrile Carbonitrile
3
3) Cyanides
c NOU -CN
3-methyl cycloben-1-one
=
2
-

Halide
Carbonys
N
4) Acid Halide oy1 Halide

Propane 1,2,3-tricarboxylic
Bromide
↳
2 -X-p-
x-
-Br oyt Chlorite
oyl -

acid
3

-main chain
3-cyclopentylbut-1-cne 3
Carbamide 5 O
5) Amides -

o-We Amide 2 NAg

↳
substituent 19.6 Y

6) Amines
Amines
4-ethylhexan-1-amide
-

NH2
eg. c-cit-in CH5
Priority order offunctional groups
Thiol mercepto thoL
amine
Propan-1-amide Carbonylic acid;sulphonic acids Acid Anhydridex Amine amino

3
esters y Acid Halidex Amide> Cyanides,
5 I

eg. 6 4 2 aldehydes x Isocyanide; alcohol

ketones,

Ho-ci-c--sis
3

↓ amines others
>
eg.

heman-2-one
4-methyl
Functional prefin suffic 3-hydroxy-4-methyl Pentan-2-one
Ether
R-O-Ry Alkoxy Alkans group

City -2H-0-cty-cty Carbonylic Carbony Dic acid

-Ne
acid CH

Pa 4
2-ethony
=

eg.
-

propane -

3 cr carbonylic acid

sulphonic acid sulpho Sulphonic Nter Octls

acid

R-alkyl
--O-R
4- But-2-en-l-amide
Ester
Anhydride X Dic
anhydride amino-3-methony
alkyl oate (included) X
......

Carboxylic
0 alkys...... carbonylate (not included)
anhydride
eg. city-ce---o-ct methyl butan-1-oate
E
stew X

alkony carbonyl
Alkyl ..... omenclature
oate
of Benzene derivatives
Alkyl carboxylate
....

3 0.CH3 ite Ch
I

i yclobutyl
5 3
heman-o-rate I
0
Acil halide halide
X
Oyl
- -

eg. 6
Y Halo
formy) Carbonyl halide
Amide Carbamoyt Amide
Toulenc Aniline Chloro
Anhydride O
Carbonamide OH
I
Anisol COOH Benzene
Cyanide
⑧
Nitwile
11
c 0H -
d
carbonitrile
H20 cyano
- -
-

O
Aldehyde ONO al Benzoic acid
c -0H
formyl carbaldehyde Phenol
Benzaldehyde
i
-
-

↓ Ketone onol keto One

Anhydride Alcohol hydrony Oh

 G

outho
outho

ta
nic meta

Para
Bu

·_ Br ,2-dibromobenzene
eg or

ortho-dibromobenzene

TRISUBSTITUTED BENZENE ain FG is at

COOH position 1

1.
ech
6

3
2-chloro-4-hydroxy Benzoic acid

di
04
2

4-chloro-3-methyl Phenol

c
!,

acH3
2 -
Chloro-4-Nitro Anisole

"I e