a) ALDOL CONDENSATION :

CHS -

Cfo
+ H CH -
CHO EI Ctg -

no .¥ocH5cH -
- en cao
-

C) CANNIZZARO REACTION
CF Ona
, :

LCH c'IH )
-

+ NaOH → CHGOH t H - -

b) CROSS ALDOL CONDENSATION :

E % I CHO + NaOH → CHIH tf COO Na
- -

% H Benzoate
Ho
cuz Ctf
H Sod
Benzyl alcohol
H
cuz t H
-
- - - - - - -
. .

f) CARBYLAMINE REACTION :

) BALZ SCHIE MANN REACTION :

-

IN H2 "
Nat BE CHzCHgNHg + CH Clg +3 KOH CH
Ctf NEC -13 KCI -13110
-

I
-

fog + ,

NH + CHAZ -13 KOH calc )

Is NIC -13 KCI -13110
fluoro benzene
-

Aniline , .

d) BENZOIN CONDENSATION
g) CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION :

Etat!
:

4GB CH, CHACH, t H2O

Cuzco cuz
In die,
" +

⇐ Even -Ee takin

'
ex - -

f.jo
CHS
+ acid
'

EICH CHS ,
+ Hao
Benzoin .

BRANCH ALLO
BRANCH ALLO

h) DECARBOXYLATION REACTION :

d) FINKELSTEIN REATION :
- 004+2 NaOH ¥fk + Ng cost H2O
GHS -
Br + NAI efA Gtf -
I + Na Br
i) COUPLING REACTION :

Nz tf
-
-
out HC l my f- 17719 REACTION : pm
NaCl + E- on
citing ⇐ Lost> tania "
-

-
K azobenzene
hydroxy
-

-
NaCl t -
NH
, E- Naff -
NH
,
h ) FRIEDA L CRAFT REACTION :

p Amino azobenzene ii)

i) Alkylation Acylation
-

j) DIAZOTIZATION REACTION : Acid " coctlz

← Nitrous

'
NANO

+ HOMO + HCl
,
+ HCl → HOMO + HCl

¥442140
tatsu ¥7 ,
Inc ,
tudou.fi#EItHciAeephenone
O ) GATT ER MANN REACTION :

E- TARD REACTION CHO

cite :%% ÷÷:u

k) : Thu c>
:c PINA
⇐¥
" AE,
.
1- + N
2
Brown complex Benzaldehyde
Toluene
BRANCH ALLO BRANCH ALLO
 b) GABRIEL PH THAL IMIDE SYNTHESIS :

'
t) HOFMANN BROM AMIDE DEGRADATION :
NH + KOH
R CON Hg Es
R NH -12 Na Br + , cos -12110 Na
Nk t
GHS III Big +4 NaOH
-
+
'
-

o
- -

,
Phthalimide pot phthalimide E- CONH, +
By -14 KOH Es Et NH, -12K Bztkzcoz -12140
.

IN GHS taiyo EI%: 1- Ca Hs MHz -

u) HUNS DI ECKER REACTION

cc 14
:

Phthalic Acid R COO Agt Bra ¥+7 R Br + cost

Ag Br
phltralimide
- -

N -
Ethyl .

GAITER MANN KOCH REACTION : V) KOLBE 'S REACTION :

g)
¥¥x ¥50 +
"

EI II.97 >
Hcc Na
to + HU co n'Ito
.

Benzaldehyde +
,
>
icgiic Acid )
r) H V. I REACTION C Hell Vol hard
.
Zelinsky Reaction)
Cte, OH tusked UCH OH tu GCU COOH w) REIMER -
TIEMANN REACTION :
, ,

COOH Ck Red P III + cub [ EINE na

.
÷÷Y ,
EIFcucoHL.FI]
Cf C ,
-

s) HOFMANN AMMO NO LYSIS

" amine
:
2.amine
R NH R TR X R
3- amine
R
.
eFcuo ' '"
c salicylate hyde)
H, Ntr X
# R NH TR X ¥ pl
- - -
-
- -
- -

,
R
BRANCH ALLO

X) ROSEN MUND REDUCTION :

a

R - di -
Cl TH, Pd, Bash 's
>
R - d' -
H + HCl ii ) WOLFF KISH NER REDUCTION :

Boiling xylene R CHO-

KN NHL
-

,
KOH
y R.CH, + N,
SAND MEYER REACTION : glycol
y)
del City COCH, CHS Ctf CH
El
"
Caa
fr
- -

→ y ,
+ tea leg
lol
t
+ Hbr ¥ A
Lot
CN - COCH
,
"
t -
CH
,
CHS
+ Ken

iii ) WURTZ REACTION :

E) STEPHEN REDUCTION :
snag -12116 → snag -12cm
R CIN -12cm ) 1- HCl
-
# R CH -
-
-
NH.HU
r÷IIEnIIIII÷r :# Rrr + Imax

I.IM IB
ether
( Hsi:B.ir
-

CH,
Boiling H2O
. .
.

Denker > Cates t2NaBr

4

RCHO tNH4U iv) WURTZ -

FIT TIG REACTION :

i) WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS CHS Et tanar

,
III.I :B 1¥
-

>
cus
R' ONA ' Toluene
R X -
+ Y ROR + Max .

( Hs I -
t ↳ Hs ONA -
TCH, O -
-

GHS that
ether .

BPANKHALLO