1)Halogenation of alkane 9) hunsdiecker- Borodin

CH4+C12 H CHg-C +
HCI
reaction: - Free Radical Mech"?
&
R
- c-0Ag + Brz
CC14
,
R-Br +
AgBr +CO2
2)Addition of hx to Alkenes : - - COOAg hatao

/
X
x "R"kox
/

20736
nx R 10 >
lagao !
+ =

3) Addition of x/ccl4 to Alkene: - Simonini rx": -

Ba
x +
Br .
/CC -- i
Br R-
c - OR +

Iz - R I -
+

AgI
+
CO2
1 : I
4) Addition of HX to alkyne: -
/ +
2 -
x
-
-
2 : I m m --om(Ester)
-x
3 *
:

I R R I
4- OR
- + -

5) Addition of x2 to alkyne: -
/
x* -x 10) Halide exchange method: -
+

x -

6) reaction with NBS: - 0

11
Finkelstein rx": -

IN
-
/X Si
. .

R-C1
NBS
--2
- +
Nat Acetone &
R-I + NaOH
Bu DNSO
-S = 0

7) from alcohols:- Swarts rx": -

Sir
Pyr R-C+AgF R-F+AgC
2
> S
, orHg Fz
,

R-OH SOC12 R-C1

~
Darzen's
Process 11) arryl halides:-
PyX si
cyFes ', +
"
--
PCIs ↓- , Easi

3
> R C1 POCI
-

HCI -
101
+
+

PC13 -
H3POs
>R C1
- +

R-OH
car , 0
FRM

P B52
si -

↳RBU e Bu
&
+

"
Powder J
- /

· lit
P
cralt
-

12 7
1
+

i S
Nci
D
Mich
- /
Cl
--

!
8) Reaction of alcohol with Hx: - L co/Powder / 0 I
-/
HC1
H1 > HBr > HC1 > HF R
It kI/A
R-OH + HX >R-X +
H20 F
HBF4 I
NaNO2
I
3 Si i snowsi -
304
I
/-
L
it -

1
0
-
Sc
10 I 0

Turbidity)
>
/
-

(conc HC1+ankyd 2nc(z)

.
alcohol
. 20
-
Balz-Schiemann
/ /--NH2
-

& 1
0
Lucas /
Reagent White >, x -
:
-
 Note:- aq KON R-0H

y i fr i
R -
H
Walden
-

↳ PHS Nat
R-s-ph
Si Racemic inversion

I
Mix .
*
Si R C = c R R c=
- -
-
CO
3°2" , i> 2 - 30 -0-R

Ring
+
ctv c x M-R

Rate x (R-x] Rate < [R-x] [Nu] R-R

NrG
Weak
Strong Nu R -
R
RaCuLi
Polar Protic Polar
Aprotic
gen"
!
⑧ A
-
8"
no
R N3
NaN5 o I
O
juda
-
-
=

R I
-
> R Br > R-C1 > R-F
-

na
NaNHE
-

R-NH2

12) solvolysis: - (Sil EASR: - Cl

S-~NO2
I
Cl

I
* I > F > Br> CI *
NOIBFR 1
--
1 0 I
M20
⑦ ↳ +
-/ *
~or

i
>

e
Cl
- En "
: C1

Brz/Fe I I

-L

or
Cl -- --
-

·
1 0 I
2 1 0 It
-/D
H
-/
-

⑧
CH3C04 Il

"
> -0-c-CHa
CONC .
H2SO4
--
I
i
&/I
X
I I
10 I
NH3 > -
NH2
-/A

Friedal Craft Sn
By Rx" /
W
H20

-
I
- acetore

i NASR :-
I

I
Nocae
-> *
I I Addition- Elimination
- - addition
elimination
As ->
>CKB5>I +ht I> Br> C1 > F
Nu
Gwhen

e
is
⑰·
X
-I / Cl
Nor
Sil Ei
M20 NH3 /- ⑦ NMz
/-
1
, ,
kWH2 --
I -I
are
Protic ,:
-
ROH 10
S -/
08
-
NaNH2
Normal
aremeinekekee zeirea"
F<c1 < By < I 07
-

/XNHC
re is
Eine, se
&
Polar -
·

Sin
Solvent Aprotic · Benzene must be (Aromatic) (SpY
~
S/Ez

e
connected to ENG .

Acetore,
·
"X" Ko Kataks
DMSO , DMF ,
* L to R T to B

DNA No Ko
lagao ! PPS : - Solvat" PPS : - Solvat"

C zN>E <c >

F > (1 > B0 > I

Emer Nucleophilicity <L PAS : -

Repuls" PAS : -

Repuls"
Non-polar Bulky ! CIs <NH2OT <F < ci>B> I
CS2 CC14 , Benzene
,
 aq KON R-0H

y i fr i
R -
H
Walden
-

↳ PHS Nat
R-s-ph
Si Racemic inversion

I
Mix .
*
Si R C = c R R c=
- -
-
CO
3°2" , i> 2 - 30 -0-R

Ring
+
ctv c x M-R

Rate x (R-x] Rate < [R-x] [Nu] R-R

NrG
Weak
Strong Nu R -
R
RaCuLi
Polar Protic Polar
Aprotic
gen"
!
⑧ A
-
8"
no
R N3
NaN5 o I
O
juda
-
-
=

R I
-
> R Br > R-C1 > R-F
-

na
NaNHE
-

R-NH2

(Sil Cl
I
Cl

I
S-~NO2
* I > F > Br> CI *
NOIBFR 1
--
1 0 I
M20
⑦ ↳ +
-/ *
~or

i
>

e
Cl
- En "
: C1

Brz/Fe I I

-L

or
Cl -- --
-

·
1 0 I
2 1 0 It
-/D
H
-/
-

⑧
CH3C04 Il

"
> -0-c-CHa
CONC .
H2SO4
--
I
i
&/I
X
I I
10 I
NH3 > -
NH2
-/A

Friedal Craft Sn
By Rx" /
W
H20

-
I I
- acetore

I
Nocae
-> *
I I
-
As ->
>CKB5>I +ht I> Br> C1 > F
Nu
Gwhen

e
is
⑰·
X
-I / Cl
Nor
Sil Ei
M20 NH3 /- ⑦ NMz
/-
1
, ,
kWH2 --
I -I
are ,:
-
ROH 10
S -/
08
-
NaNH2
Normal
aremeinekekee zeirea"
F<c1 < By < I 07
-

/XNHC
re is
Eine, se
&
-
·

Sin · Benzene must be (Aromatic) (SpY

~
S/Ez

e
connected to ENG .

Acetore,
·
"X" Ko Kataks
DMSO , DMF ,
* L to R T to B

DNA No Ko
lagao ! PPS : - Solvat" PPS : - Solvat"

C zN>E <c >

F > (1 > B0 > I

Emer Nucleophilicity <L PAS : -

Repuls" PAS : -

Repuls"
Bulky ! CIs <NH2OT <F < ci>B> I
CS2 CC14 , Benzene
,