Htcaq) ctcaa )

( 8. Acids bases salts

Hclcaq) → +

, ,

Natcaq)
-

NaOH ( OH (aq )
ag )
→ +

c. 8.1 .
The characteristic
properties of acids and bases

Acids + metals → salt + Hz

Acids metal salt coz H2O

Hz 504
+ carbonates → + +

[ universal Alkalis salts

+
ammonium

indicator
Nttqcl + NaOH →
NaCl + H2O +
MHz
acid
47
base

77
F salt water ammonia

pH decomposition L
litmus red blue red litmus
→ damp
methyl orange
indicator red yellow test for NH ,
+
→ blue

neutralization acid + base → salt + water

reaction ( H+) e- ( Ott )

e-
pH and soil acidity /
alkalinity
- +

HCl NaOH
g. plants pH 5- 8
:
e. •
:

the growth
crop yield
sour water soluble base outside →
range
- •
,
,

other
corrosive = alkali •
cause : acid rain , fertiliser (141-14-1)
limestone Caco }
•
solution : •

powdered
•
time Cao

jÉ "
•

slaked time Ca COH )z

;¥É 8
but be careful ,
don't let pH become too
high !
C 8.2 .

Types of oxides •
Neutral oxides
↳ reacts w/ neither acids or bases

e.
g.
:
Nzo ,
NO ,
CO

Amphoteric oxides
•

↳ both basic + acidic properties

-

forms salt + water

e.
g.
:
ZnO ,
A-1203

AKO, + 6 HCl → 2 Alclz +

31-120
AKO } +
2 NaOH →
2NaAlOz +
H2O
 B) dilute acid + alkali Preparing insoluble salts
C 8.3 .

Preparation of salts Preparing soluble salts ↳

precipitation reaction

salt is soluble / insoluble in water ? A) acid + solid metal / base / carbonate

I Pb ( NO } )z 1<2504
water of crystallisation ? dilute 1-12504 Caa ) +
(aa ) Caa)

+ Crocs)→ equation ?
 C 8.4 Identification of ions and anions
.

gases
cations color of precipitate Cppt ) when add NaOH
g-
→
aq .

MHz

KMn04

gases

cations →
flame test
•

sample placed on unreactive metal wire

( nichrome , Pt )

lilac blue
red yellow orange rotten eggo leggo
green
-

- red