METABOLISM: Urea Cycle

Alanine a -KG
•

Glutamate ALT
D.H. H2O •

HCO 3- + NH 3 + 2 ATP + Glutamate Pyruvate

a - ketogluterate Glutamate •

NADPH NADP+
.-1
Carbamoyl C.P.S NH3 (RA)
- Free radical rxns •

Phosphate Ammonia Astrocytes

Aspartate - Fatty acid synthesis
•

Malate H+
NH 4+ •

Glutamate
Ammonium H 2O •
-

NH 4+
Ornithine
+ H 2O •

Transcarbamylase • H 2O
H 2O Glutamine Glutamine
Ornithine Citrulline Aspartate H 2O
Synthetase

Arginase Argininosuccinate Synthetase •

•

+
+ NH 4+ NH 4+ Glycine
Cerebral
Urea Argininosuccinate Edema
Argninosuccinase •
(Less Toxic) • - ICP
+
Arginine - Comatose
Fumarate •

Glutamine
•
Glycine
• Benzoate

•
•
Phenylbutyrate

Kidneys
•

•
•

• Excrete
• Urine
•
•

Metabolism Urea Cycle•

f) I

¥-1