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Term -1
-
Organic
Chemistry
Cheat Notes
With ☒¥H¥#
Panchal Sir
By -
Bharat
Chemistry Gurujia.co
HaloAlkanes F
Hydrogen atom in
• B.pt Order → R I -
> R Br > R
- -
U >R -
R ✗ -
( ✗ =F,U,Br,I) .
The density increases with increase in
classification : → 1° R CH,- -
✗
no .
• Haloalkanes -
→ 2
.
R2 -
CH -
✗ •
→ 3
-
with water molecule
insoluble in water and soluble in Organic
Allylic Halide
Y i solvents
• .
CH
,
-_ CH -
CH -
✗ Finkelstein Reaction
,
NAI É R -
It Nax
• Acetone
"
IF
✗
Swarts Reaction
R ✗
-
Agf Hgf > (of
, 085b¥ R - f-
R ✗ Hao
Preparation
-
+
+ Pas R U +
c×=Bn
polls + HU
Chemical Properties
>
-
Best
g. on a + so, + the
Elimination Reaction
method
NABr.tk#4R-Br-NaHS0u-HaOCHs-qH2*ctf--CtytKU-HaO
i.
From Alkene
ÉH Mark
¥
.
chap
R
+ HX
-
R cH=ctg
-
,
ce
R -
CH =
ctg-HB.se#EideR-ctg-CH ,
Anti -
Markovnikov's
Acc .
to Saytzeff Rule
Rule
Test of
c=K% + By Bray ago, - ( unsaturation )
In reaction, preferred
elimination
alkenes is one in which double
c- Atom are more alkylated
ctg-ci-ctg-ctg-cq.ci?
ce
bonded
Halogenation : .
€1> is
ay ay ay is ✗
¥4
- -
major CH CH, CH -
CH - CH CH -
CH (
H2 ] ,
- - -
,
80%
I
Preparation of Haloarenes
D8 + CH CH CH
CHA -
- -
, ,
[
20%
¥
"
san¥¥mñ Reaction with Metal
[ ✗
Galtermann r×→ %
R ✗ -
+
Mg II R Mg ✗
- -
÷÷→i¥
" Grignard Reagent
É CH] -
U -1mg #
Ether
CH, -
Grignard Reagent
Mgcl
proton to
B. P ✗ Surface Asea
BP ✗
11 Branching
.mn#. . KcN-,RCN+kx
WURTZ REACTION Resonance in Haloarenes :
R ✗
-
+ 2Nd 1- X -
R ¥3 R R -12 Nat
-
¥ne
due to resonance as a result the bond
✗ + 2Nd -1×-47
cleavage in Haeoasenes is difficult than
WURTZ FITTIG REACTION " halo alkanes
;ii
É¥
: :
R ✗ -
+ 2Nd -1×-5=3 -97% ,
R -
☒
A
I. E- E- + Noo →
FEE + :X
leaving group .
④ % Br ¥1 -4-1 -0
0µA É ]
CH Bo
[
-
+ -
ce → HO . . .
a
,
t
'
CH CH ]
, H H
H
CH ] FH] H
⑧ e' ¥ →
110¥, + a-
-
+ OH
qµj
CH OH
-
CHTICH ,
,
• •
Inversion of Conti . takes blace
•
Racemisation takes place •
Nucleophile attack from obb side .
Aq, NaOH
, R OH
-
+ KX
µ .
. .. ..
is ortho and
Halo group on benzene ring
para directing due to +R effect
¥1 ,
R -
NC + Agx
KNO '
> R -
ONO + KX
É +
✗
Halogenation
H "" f
§¥q+%N%
-
> R NO, - + Agx cone HMO ]
ie
p ✗
.
-
,
-
É
cone Hzsou
Ntfl HX it
.
R -
É¥
€¥^÷É¥g
""
R COO Ag
-
R COOR -
'
1- Ag ✗ +
,
is Predominantly ionic the attachment
ÉI
,,
KCN ,
CH] U ""
É
É÷,µ
is covalent in nature ctgcou
'" %
Agent
-
+
-1
REHO II 2° alcohol
Str . Str . Sits II ) H2O / Ht
eoq
.
. .
( II )
.
108-9
'
,
111.7
' ,
H2O / H -1
due to double due to
due to Lp Lp Lucas Test ( Lucas Reagent Hq + znqz )
-
1° alcohol 2. alcohol 3
'
alcohol
R
Types of Alcohol R CHA OH -1114
- -
R -
CH -
OH
-1174 R - c- OH -1116
'
h
1° 20 3° Link r
finch
p 1,2mHz
R
city -1µg
R "till
R >CH ¥ -1110
-
- CH OH - - OH - OH R -
CH -
U -1110 R -
,
R Turbidity k r
R
Ally/ Alcohol Benzyl Alcohol Vinyl Alcohol appears on Turbidity abbeasss Turbidity
( OH heating in 5min appears
H2
.
CHECK OH
-
CH, CH CH CH immediately
-
-
.
-_ - -
OH
, .
É
"
É Ha
-Ét CH ] CH
cuz
¥1
H + OH
- -
,
-
É MICH} %!
Ei
" "
¥0
CH CH CH
+
Ha
- -
}
-
}
-
> " •
É
r - -
OH
i¥%÷ R CH.
- -
OH
+0,
,
→
¥00M
É É%
> c=cµ
"
(
+ Hao Hz -41
Physical Properties
"
on
Due to
strong hydrogen bonding b/w
•
ctlz-CH-ctf-CB.tl])z→ @ Hs -
Ctf Ctf)jB -
molecules
of alcohol, they have higher
b.pt compared to molecules
# 0¥?
as of
CH, - CH
,
- OH
-111dg
> alkane
having same molecular mass .
H -
% -
H + CH
]MgBr
→ H C
-
-
H -1110¥ there is increase in Van der
EH ,
Waal force As . a Result m.pt
CH ] -
CHZOH + Mg ¥,
increases .
• The b.pt of phenol increases with increase HU
a¥a ↳ Hs -
U + Hao
in no .
of C- atoms .
,
HI
PUS
Ut POU
of acidity ¥-011 > 1° > 2° > 3° > ↳ Hs -1 HU
-
order ,
electron
withdrawing group like NO
-
, , sock
-
✗ -
CHO -
to
strength due -
I effect while
NHS NH
electron donating group like -
R , OR -
> ↳ Hs -
,
+ Hao
2h4
decrease acidic strength due to +I
Na
effect gas.
-
OH -
> ↳ Hs ONA -
Na •
GH,
y
Distillation , + 2h0
µ
CH2=CH, -11120
[☒
Pus ,
yank
> +
tho
- cool C"
> ( 00 t CH CHO + H
, ,
NaOH 573K
Bra
Bry Br
water
,
2.4.6 Tri
-
I2+N%H CHI,
' bromo
By
phenol ✗ idation
É¥Br+
on
Bru
>
←
es
,
'
1. alcohol Aldehyde
Br
o - and b- Bromo Phenol
20 alcohol ← Ketone
cone HMOs
.
NO NO , NORM
, 30 Alcohol
cone .
Hzsoq
'
NO
, '
2,46 -
Trinitrophenol Ethers R O R
- -
Cn Han -1,0
con " " "
[¥so,H 4¥
;
+ Preparation
99, -
150,11
¥-1
HMOs
Dehydration of Alcohol
•
No,
> +
,
'
NO
21914--0111 ¥÷ ↳ Hs -
O -
GHS
KOLBE 'S
,
NaOH -10 COOH "" "
; salicylic
Reaction
242µs 6) AGO ↳
H -1
Acid • - + ↳ Hs -0-4115
Reimer Tiemann CHU] -11909 Salicelldehde
|
CHO
-
Rxn
, Williamson synthesis CSNY
HIR
March
-
✗ + Nu O
- -
R
'
→ R OR ' - + Max
07
Oxidation Rxn 1° ether will form
,
Benzo quinone •
If alkyl halide is
tfsoy
halide is Je alkene will form
•
If alkyl
¥
"
""
"
¥
Brain CH , COOH
chemical Properties > c-
" "
!
" " ""
%
""" " "
Egg
it activates the
directing benzene
cone .tl
+ ,
sub Sou
ring towards electrophilic .
3 ,
+ NO
G¥
←É¥"←i¥¥
OCH
¥
,
] , "
on
,
→
± ctfu / anhy Alas CH
>
-
,
N ,
ÉÉ%
F. C alkylation
icicles +
I 4-7 '
CH
,
R -
O -
R + HX → R OH -
+ R -
✗
CH
,
-
¥-4 lawn
> AIU,
f. c. Acylation
+ Hx →
E) + R ✗
ÉÉ%0cH
-
i-th
II
,
+
order of reactivity HI > HBR > HA
KOCH ,
Biomolecules
Biomolecules
.
e.g Giucose
CARBOHYDRATES
optically active Poklhydro -
ketose
-
Sugar
oligosaccharides carbohydrate that yield :
sweet in taste tasteless
2- 10 Molecule of monosaccharides Amorphous Solid
crystalline Solid
e.g sucrose lactose
in
,
Soluble In Water Insoluble
polysaccharides: water
carbohydrates which
e9 Glucose e.g starch
yield large of monosaccharides ,
a no .
Fructose
cellulose
.g
on
starch
hydrolysis
,
.
cellulose
Reducing Sugar COOH
{
which HO
carbohydrate •
,
contain ketone
@ HOH ), x
free aldehyde or
(CHOM,
group end reduce f-
ehling Solh and i
HNO
]
1
(
-
GHOHI
•
,
which do not have free aldehyde , → ,
Metonic ghouls and do not
CHAO
§ -43
or
ctgoiy
-
e.g ,
D- L Conti .
GLUCOSE :
Glucose is also known as D -
OH of 5th Carbon
grape sugar optically active in nature on RHS
L OH
of 5th carbon
-
Ñeb° "
# Cothzo
Oh U 'S
Str of Glucose :
qztggo, , -1110
.
,
Glucose .
CHO CHO
+ ( 6111206 H OH
H OH
-
fructose
µo - H HO H
Rxh Of Glucose
-
µ - OH
H OH
- OH
H HO -
H
4110 CHIH
•
( ( HOH )q ^s CH
,
-
Ctf - CH
,
-
Ctf Ctf Ctf
- -
ctgoµ
I
h -
Hexane D- Glucose c- Glucose
CHZOIH 1
I +
"
'
e=° CHIN OH - ✗-171+1 -
Glucose B- Dct) -
Glucose
HE
•
*
Glucose
( HOH )& ① HOH) , oxime µ - d- OH HO - d -
H
CHZOH 4112011 H -
OH
HO
H -
-
OH
H
HO -
H
H CN H -
OH
•
HEO -
c- -
OH
← OH
° µ o
"°
( ( HOH) , CHIH
OH )& 1 CHIH
I
# Oy #
"
COOH µ
0 OH
B"
( { HOH ), >
( ICHOHI,
É¥oH !¥"¥
'
i
water
,
CHZOH CHIH
H OH
µ
Gluconicncid
Str of Proteins
Proteins
.
:
are ✗ -
amino acid 2.) Secondary structure :
helix sir maintained by H Bond
amino acid
✗
-
.
-
✗ -
sheet Str when R is small
orp -
pleated .
gooub .
:-
6.) Quaternary Structure : The precise arrangement of
joined together ,
a bebtide is constituents .
C- CO NH ) bond is known as
formed -
☒
-
d -
COOH 1-
HI
- d- COOH Y
' '
n n
IH ] H
§ g- I §
-00 "
HI
- -
-
peptide
Amino Acids
( Contain -
COOH and -
NH, grouts )
I
1-
!
"" "
" " " "" " " " "
.
" " "" " " "" " " "" "
Coote
pentose Nitrogenous *) Phosbhate
*,
sugar * )
g carbon sugar or
ie
.
H -
-
NH ,
Coote deoxy ribose
→ Neutral
( not contain
4th oxygen at
2nd position )
→
H NH ,
-4 -
COOH
Nitrogenous Base
1
Purine Pyrimidine
twitter ion : when a proton is migrated gym gammy , Thymine
→ Adenine →
e-
-1
µ
R
_ Nig in
TH
COO
-
- -
chigherp )
2
HIN
"
-1
-
-
Coo
-
as anion
twitter ion R
ite
C isoelectric point ) HIN -
-
COOH
as cation C low pH )