Chemical

Elements
(Kimia Unsur)
YEAR 12/TERM 1
1

H
Hydrogen
Periodic Table of Elements 2

He Helium
1.01 4.00

3 4 Alkali M etal Non-M etal 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be
Lithium Beryllium
Alkaline Earth
Transition M etal
Basic M etal
Lanthanide
BBoron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
OOxygen
F Ne
Fluorine Neon
6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 Halo gen Actinide 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg
Sodium Magnesium
Semi-M etal Noble Gas AI Si
Aluminium Silicon
P
Phosphorus
S
Sulfur
CI Ar
Chlorine Argon
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 51.99 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.97 79.90 84.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr
Rubidium Strontium
Y
Yttrium
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium
I
Iodine
Xe Xenon
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.95 98.91 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.6 126.90 131.29

55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba
Caesium Barium
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn
Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20 208.98 208.98 209.98 222.02

87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra
Francium Radium
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh FI Mc Lv Ts Og
Rutherfordium Dubnium Dubnium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
223.02 226.03 [261] [262] [266] [264] [269] [268] [269] [272] [277] [286] [289] [288] [293] [294] [294]

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Praseodymium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 144.91 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.06 174.97

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
227.03 232.04 231.04 238.03 237.05 244.06 243.06 247.07 247.07 251.08 [252] 257.10 258.10 259.10 [262]
Group II Elements

Alkali Earth Metals

 It called alkali
Group II elements are
earth metals
difficult to dissolve in
the water (sukar larut
dalam air) They are soft metals
Physical but harder than
Properties group I elements

The densities is bigger The melting point is

than group I elements higher than group I
elements
 Data of Physical Properties
The atomic radius and
densities are increasing
down the group

Melting point,
boiling point,
ionization energy,
electronegativity
and hardness are
decreasing going
down the group
 Chemical
Reaction
properties

Group II metals
are less reactive Reactivity
than group I
metals
(Kereaktifan)
Group II Elements Reaction
Reactions with water
The alkali earth metals react with water to produce a metal hydroxide
and hydrogen:
Magnesium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Similar with group I

elements
Group II Elements Reaction
Reactions with oxygen (or air)
Logam grup II mudah terkorosi (berkarat) jika bereaksi dengan udara
kecuali berilium dan magnesium dikarenakan lapisan oksida yang
melapisinya melekat pada permukaan logam. Contoh reaksi:
Magnesium + oxygen→ magnesium oxide
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
Group II Elements Reaction
Reactions with halogen (group VII: F, Cl, Br, I)
The alkali earth metals react with halogens to form salt (-ide) similar
with group I elements:
Magnesium + chlorine→ magnesium chloride
Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s)
Group II Elements Reaction
Reactions with strong acid (HCl, HBr, HI)
The alkali earth metals react with strong acid to form salt (-ide) and
hydrogen gas (H2):
Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid→ magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Assesment 5 (Group II)
1. Determine which element is more reactive!
a) Magnesium or calsium
b) Magnesium or sodium
2. Write the complete equation of reaction between:
a) calsium with water
b) Barium with hydrochloric acid
c) Strontium with chlorine
3. Determine the elements that has the properties below.
a) The most reactive
b) The hardest
c) The most resistance to rust (corroded)
 Flame Reaction of Group I and II
Look at the picture below!!

One of the function of group I and II

metals are used to make fireworks

Why???
 Flame Reaction of Group I and II
Jika unsur-unsur grup I dan II dipanaskan, akan memancarkan radiasi yang disebut dengan
spektrum emisi. Spektrum emisi teramati sebagai pancaran cahaya dengan warna tertentu.
 Check this one out...

Group I Elements

Group II Elements
Flame Color of Group I and II
 The uses of group I elements

Sodium compounds is used to make salt (NaCl). Lithium is a main component of the the lithium-ion battery.
This battery is used in many electronics and can be Rubidium is used to make fireworks because the
recharged flame is given off purple beautiful color

Potassium is used in fertilizers and matches Cesium has been used in vacuum tubes
(korek api)
 The Uses of group II elements
• Magnesium is used in flares, tracer bullets etc.
• Magnesium is used to protect steel objects.
• Compound of magnesium are found in toothpaste, furnace lining, lens coating.
• Calsium compounds are found in cement, mortar and plaster and reduce acidity of
soil.
• Barium sulphate is used in X-ray technology