Mineral Silikat

Asrim, S.Si, M.Eng

Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan

Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin
2019
 Daftar Penilaian Nilai Akhir (DPNA)
• Absensi Kehadiran: 10 %
• Tugas: 20 %
• Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS): 25 %
• Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS): 45 %

Perbaikan nilai hanya bisa dilakukan pada semester

tahun ajaran berikutnya!
 Perkuliahan Kristal dan Mineral
Oktober November Desember Januari
2018 2018 2018 2019

1. Pengenalan, Silabus, 4. Morfologi Kristal dan 8. Ujian Tengah 13. Sistematika Mineral
dan Kontrak Kuliah Simetri Kristal Semester (UTS) II: Mineral Silikat

2. Pengantar Kristal 9. Metode Analisis

5. Kimia Mineral 14. Mineral Ekonomi
dan Mineral Mineral

10. Proses
15. Mineral Jarang
Pembentukan Mineral
3. Sistem Kristal 6. Sifat Fisik Mineral

11. Asosiasi Mineral 16. Ujian Akhir

7. Penentuan Sifat Fisik Dalam Batuan Semester (UAS)
Mineral
12. Sistematika Mineral
I: Mineral Non-Silikat Februari
2019
 Silicate Minerals
• Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen are silicate
minerals.

• Silicate minerals make up 90% of the earth’s crust.

• The other 10% are non-silicate minerals.

Common Types of Silicate Minerals

 Quartz-
 Basic Building
block of
many rocks
Common Types of Silicate Minerals

 Feldspar – Main
component of most
rocks on earth’s
surface
 Common Types of Silicate Minerals

 Mica –
 Mica minerals
separate into
sheets easily
when they break
 Mineral Groups
Element Abundances

Silica
SILICATES (SiO4)4-

Common cations that

bond with silica anions

All others: 1.5%

 Tabel Mineral Silikat
Mineral Formula Cleavage Silicate structure
Olivine (MgFe)2SiO4 none Single tetrahedron

Pyroxene (Mg, Fe) SiO3 two cleavage chains

planes at 900
Amphiboles: (Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH) Two planes at Double chains
Eg. hornblende 2 600and 1200
Mica Muscovite KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 One plane sheets

Biotite K(MgFe)3Si3O10(OH)
2
Feldspars:K-feldspar KAlSi3O8 Two planes at 900 Three dimensional
Orthoclase, microcline networks
Plagioclase (Ca,Na)AlSi3O8

Quartz SiO2 none Three dimensional

network
 Grup Olivine
Magnesium iron silicate. The series ranges from the magnesium
end member, Forsterite, through the intermediate member, Olivine
(also known as Chrysolite), to the iron end member, Fayalite.
dark silicates (Fe-Mg)  ferromagnesian

No cleavage
 Grup Olivine
The Olivine group is composed of three minerals, with the
following formulas:
Forsterite = Mg2SiO4
Olivine (Chrysolite) = (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Fayalite = Fe2SiO4

The intermediate variety, Olivine, is not scientifically recognized as

a separate mineral, but is nevertheless mentioned.
 Grup Pyroxine
Pyroxene minerals are common in meteorites and the extrusive igneous rock
called basalt. There are many different types of pyroxene including augite,
wollastonite, diopside, enstatite, and hypersthene.

Ferromagnesian / dark silicates (Fe-Mg)

Augite

2-directions
of cleavage
(at nearly 90 degrees)
 Grup Amphibole
There are several different minerals within the amphibole group, but the most
common type is hornblende. You can find small crystals of hornblende in many
types of igneous rocks. They often look like little dark specks.

Ferromagnesian / dark silicates (Ca, Fe-Mg)

Hornblende

2-directions
of cleavage
(not at 90 degrees)
 Grup Mika dan Clay
Mica minerals make some rocks sparkle! They are often found in igneous rocks
such as granite and metamorphic rocks such as schist. Most common mica
minerals: muscovite , biotite.

light silicates (K, Al)  non-ferromagnesian

Muscovite
1-direction
of cleavage
 Grup Feldspar
Feldspar is the most common mineral in the Earth’s crust, so you are very likely to find it
in the rocks you collect! It is found it all of the three rock types, but is most common in
intrusive igneous rocks like granite where the crystals look white or pink.

Feldspar Group K-feldspar

light silicates (K-Na-Ca, Al)
Most common mineral group

Orthoclase

Plagioclase

2-directions
of cleavage
(at 90 degrees) Ca/Na-feldspar
 Grup Feldspar
Orthoclase K AlSi3O8
•Shape: Monoclinic (Flat tabular or prism-shaped crystals)
•Luster: Glassy or pearly
•Color: Cream to pink
•Streak: White
•Hardness: 6 on Mohs Hardness Scale
•Cleavage: perfect
•Fracture: brittle

Plagioclase CaNaAlSi3O8
•Shape: Triclinic (Single prism-shaped crystals are very rare. You are much
more likely to find many crystals that have grown together in a mass.
•Luster: Glassy or pearly
•Color: White to gray
•Streak: White
•Hardness: 6-6.5
•Cleavage: perfect
•Fracture: brittle
 Grup Kuarsa
Quartz is one of the most common mineral in Earth’s crust! Silica (Si) and Oxygen (O)
are the only elements within pure quartz. Quartz can be found in all sorts of rocks. Most
sand is made of quartz because it is hard and does not weather away easily. Some
pieces of quartz are white like milk but most are clear like glass, sometimes with a little
pink or grey tinge of color.
Quartz
light silicates (pure SiO2)

no cleavage
(conchoidal fracture)
hard, resistant to weathering
Quartz
 Acknowledged sources
1.www.specialconnections.k
u.edu/.../cs/.../caseb_rocks
_minerals.ppt –
2.www.earth2class.org/er/students/Mi
nerals.ppt
3.www.lwr.kth.se/Grundutbi
ldning/AE2401/.../review%2
0minerals.ppt
4.www.sci.uidaho.edu/geol1
11/Geology%20101/mineral
s_II_jh
Terimakasih, asrim12@gmail.com, 082188163387