Sampling

Distributions
After exploring this lesson, you should
be able to identify sampling
distributions of statistics (sample
mean).
PRE – TEST(SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION)

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 2

PRE – TEST(SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION)

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 3

 Sampling Distribution of Sample Means

Example:
The population values {5, 10, 15, 20} are written on slips of paper and
put in a hat. Two slips are randomly selected, with replacement.
a. Find the mean, standard deviation, and variance of the
population.

Population
5
10
15
20

Continued.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 4

MEAN, VARIANCE &S.D

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 5

 Sampling Distribution of Sample Means

Example:
The population values {5, 10, 15, 20} are written on slips of paper and
put in a hat. Two slips are randomly selected, with replacement.
a. Find the mean, standard deviation, and variance of the
population.

Population μ = 12.5
5
10 σ 2 = 31.25
15
σ = 5.59
20

Continued.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 6

 Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Example continued:
The population values {5, 10, 15, 20} are written on slips of paper and
put in a hat. Two slips are randomly selected, with replacement.
b. Graph the probability histogram for the population values.

P(x) Probability Histogram of

Population of x
0.25
This uniform distribution
Probability

shows that all values have the

same probability of being
selected.
x
5 10 15 20
Population values Continued.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 7

 Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Example continued:
The population values {5, 10, 15, 20} are written on slips of paper and
put in a hat. Two slips are randomly selected, with replacement.
c. List all the possible samples of size n = 2 and calculate the
mean of each.

Sample Sample mean, x Sample Sample mean, x

5, 5 5 15, 5 10 These means
5, 10 7.5 15, 10 12.5 form the
5, 15 10 15, 15 15 sampling
5, 20 12.5 15, 20 17.5 distribution of
10, 5 7.5 20, 5 12.5 the sample
10, 10 10 20, 10 15 means.
10, 15 12.5 20, 15 17.5
10, 20 15 20, 20 20
Continued.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 8
 Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Example continued:
The population values {5, 10, 15, 20} are written on slips of paper and
put in a hat. Two slips are randomly selected, with replacement.
d. Create the probability distribution of the sample means.

x f Probability
5 1 0.0625
7.5 2 0.1250 Probability Distribution of
10 3 0.1875 Sample Means

12.5 4 0.2500
15 3 0.1875
17.5 2 0.1250
20 1 0.0625

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 9

 Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Example continued:
The population values {5, 10, 15, 20} are written on slips of paper and
put in a hat. Two slips are randomly selected, with replacement.
e. Graph the probability histogram for the sampling distribution.

P(x) Probability Histogram of

Sampling Distribution
0.25
0.20
Probability

The shape of the graph is

0.15
symmetric and bell shaped. It
0.10
approximates a normal
0.05 distribution.
x
5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20
Sample mean
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 10
 EXAMPLE #2
Suppose a jar contains numbers 1, 3, and 5. If we take two numbers
in succession with replacement then the possible 2 numbers
samples are:
(1,1), (3, 3), (5,5),(1,3),(3,1),(1,5),(5,1), (3,5) and (5,3).
The average or mean of each pair, in that order are

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 11

 EXAMPLE #2
Suppose a jar contains numbers 1, 3, and 5. If we take two numbers
in succession with replacement then the possible 2 numbers
samples are:
(1,1), (3, 3), (5,5),(1,3),(3,1),(1,5),(5,1), (3,5) and (5,3).
The average or mean of each pair, in that order are

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 12

 EXAMPLE #2
Suppose a jar contains numbers 1, 3, and 5. If we take two numbers
in succession with replacement then the possible 2 numbers
samples are:
(1,1), (3, 3), (5,5),(1,3),(3,1),(1,5),(5,1), (3,5) and (5,3).
The average or mean of each pair, in that order are

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 13

 HISTOGRAM

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 14

 EXAMPLE #3
Construct the sampling distribution of the
sample means when two dice are rolled.
(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4) (1,5)(1,6)(2,1)(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)
(3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4) (3,5)(3,6)(4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(4,4)(4,5)(4,6)
(5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4) (5,5)(5,6)(6,1)(6,2)(6,3)(6,4)(6,5)(6,6)
The average or mean of each pair, in that order are
1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4
2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5
3, 3.5, 4, 4.5,5, 5.5 3.5,4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 15

 EXAMPLE #3
Construct the sampling distribution of the
sample means when two dice are rolled.

1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4

2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5
3, 3.5, 4, 4.5,5, 5.5 3.5,4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 16
 HISTOGRAM

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 17

 ACTIVITY # ___

3.5

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 18