What is writing task 1?

Focus: একটা chart (charts) দেখে ২০ মিমিখট summary

দেো। সব data describe করা িা। chart টট মক দবাঝায় তা
দ াট কখর summary আকাখর দেো। 150 words এ।
Books for writing task 1 (academic):
1. The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS1: pages 91-
112
2. The Key to IELTS success2: page 68-77
3. The Official Cambridge Guide to IELTS 4: model
answers: 7
4. Cambridge IELTS Books5: 5-10, and 14 teachers’
answer: 12 + 1
5. IELTS trainer6: teachers’ answer: 12 answers
6. Simon’s writing task 13: 50 plus
7. Practice test Plus7: 20
8. The Key to writing task 1: 15 sample answers (8
pounds)
Simple solution: 1 + 3 + 6
Simplest solution: 6
Planning:
i. Planning: 5-7 minutes (minimum 3 minutes)
ii. Writing: 10-13 minutes
Sketch:
i. Introduction
ii. Overview: trend
iii. BP1: detailed
iv. BP2: detailed
v. BP3: detailed (optional)

1. Task achievement:
 Did you answer the question fully and write at least
150 words?
2. Coherence and cohesion
 easy to understand
 well organised and clearly linked
3. Lexical resource: অখটা যা আসখব তাই মেেখবি
4. Grammatical range and accuracy: অখটা যা আসখব
তাই মেেখবি

যমে কী মেেব তাই পামরিা তাহখে কী করব।। দকাি দটিশি

দিই।। Sample answers গুখো দেখে দেখে মেেুি আর
বুঝুি।।
কীভাখব বুঝখবি: subject verb agreement, singular plural
identify, cohesive device, sentence structure, active,
passive, identify করখবি।। এভাখব 30 দেখক 100 টা
কখরি। understanding চখে আসখব।।
Types:
1. Graph1
2. Pie chart3
3. Bar chart2
4. Table4
5. Map5
6. Diagram6

Introduction:
i. Write ‘show’
ii. Below
iii. Between … and: from … to, over a period of …
iv. Trimmed form = expanded or vice versa
The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by
three companies over a period of 15 years.
Answer:
The graph shows the quantities of waste which was
produced by three companies from 2000 to 2015.
Overview:
To score band 7 or above in academic writing task 1, your
summary must contain a clear overview of the main trends,
which contains no details.
To help identify the patterns, you need to look for the
 Peaks (high points) and troughs (low points)
 Periods when the figures remain steady (show little
or no change)
 Periods when the figures fluctuate (show a lot of
changes)
 Beginning and ending

Development of Bangladesh over the last 50 years:

In summary, Bangladesh has developed a lot over the last
five decades.
A person: 1 days – 30 years:
Knowledge overview:
In summary, the person has become very mature, with a
clearer understanding of what is right and wrong.
Pollution of Dhaka city during the last 20 years:
In summary, the city has become extremely polluted.
How to start:
 i. It is clear
ii. In summary
iii. Overall,
iv. Overall, it is clear
v. It can be seen that
Overall, both companies A and B cut their waste output
while company C raised it across these years.
Sentence structures for describing data:
In USD
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k

Structure 1:
1. Compared to/with, in comparison with/to
Sentence + data + compared with/to + data
Examples:
i. In 2010, Sandy earned $70,000 compared to
$65,000 by Jack.
ii. In 2010, Sandy earned $70k, compared with $65k
by Jack, $60k by Russ, and $55k by Mithila.
 iii. In 2010, Sandy earned $70k, compared with $140k
in 2015 and $210k in 2020.

2010 2015 2020

Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k

2. Structure:
 A sentence + with (phrase)
 With (phrase) + a sentence
Sentence এর পখর with মেখয় data বসাখিা যায়।
Examples:
i. In 2010, Sandy’s income was the highest, with the
amount at $70k.
ii. in 2010, with the amount at $70k, Sandy’s income
was the highest.
iii. In 2010, Mithila’s earnings were the lowest, with the
figure at only $55k.
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k

Structure 3: at + data
Examples:
i. In 2010, at $70k, Sandy earned the most of the four
people in the chart.
ii. In 2010, at $55k, Mithila’s income was the lowest.
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k

Structure 4:
From … to
i. Subject +
rise↑/grow↑/increase↑/soar↑↑/drop/tank/plum
met from (figure) in (year) to (figure) in (year)
Examples:
i. Sandy’s income soared from $70k in 2010 to $140k
in 2015.
 ii. Mithila’s income dropped from $100k in 2015 to
$70k in 2020.
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k

Structure 5:
Accordingly, respectively:
Sandy1 + Jack2 + Mithila3 = Sandy’s data1 + Jack’s data2 +
Mithila’s data3 + accordingly/respectively
Examples:
i. Sandy in 2010 earned $70k. Incomes of Jack, Russ
and Mithila stood at $65k, $60k, and $55k
accordingly/respectively.
ii. In 2015, Russ earned the most at $240k. Jack, Sandy
and Mithila respectively earned $195k, $140k, and
$100k.
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k
Mithila 55k 100k 70k

3. Sales/figures/numbers/percentage
doubled2/tripled3/quadrupled4/halved/more than
doubled>2
Examples:
i. Between 2010 and 2015, Sandy’s income doubled:
$70k – $140k.
ii. Between 2010 and 2015, Jack’s income tripled:
$65k - $195k.
iii. Between 2010 and 2015, Russ’s income
quadrupled: $60k - $240k.
iv. Between 2010 and 2015, Mithila’s income almost
doubled: $55k - $100k.
v. Between 2015 and 2020, Mithila’s income exactly
halved: $100 -$50k.
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 50k

4. The number stood at …

Is/are/was/were এর পমরবখতে stand/stood দেওয়া যায়।
Examples:
i. In 2010, Sandy’s income was the highest. The figure
was $70k.
ii. In 2010, Sandy’s income was the highest. The figure
stood at $70k.
iii. In 2010, Jack’s income was $65k.
iv. In 2010, Jack’s income stood at $65k.
v. In 2010, Russ’s income stood at $60k.
vi. In 2010, Mithila’s earnings stood at $55k.
2010 2015 2020
Sandy 70k 140k 210k
Jack 65k 195k 200k
Russ 60k 240k 200k
Mithila 55k 100k 50k

What is overview:
Overview হে একটা chart যা আখ সব দেখে 1-2 sentence
এ summary আকাখর বো। এটা অখিক important।

Writing task 1:
Sentences:
For first four types: (graph, pie, bar, table)
1. Past:
i. Active (mostly active)
 ii. Passive
2. Present
i. Active
ii. Passive
3. Future:
i. Passive (mostly)
ii. Active
Graph:
 X axis
 Y axis
Pie:
 Total pie is 100%
 If not given in percentage, you can write as percentage.
(You need to convert) (If you do not want to convert,
write as units) (Best: % + units)
Graph:
Body paragraph 1:
 Start off with the first year. (Describe every item in
that year)
 Describe what happens until the last year of first half.
 Describe the last year of first half.
Body paragraph 2:
  Choose the last year.
 Describe it
 If needed, describe anything from the middle to last
year
Pie:

For map:
i. Past
ii. Present
iii. Future
iv. Passive (mostly)
v. Active
For diagram:
i. Present
ii. Passive (mostly)
iii. Active
Passive: to be verb (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being)
+ past participle of verb.
Overview for diagram:
i. The number of steps or stages
ii. First stage and last stage
Overall, there are … stages in the diagram/process,
starting/beginning with …, and ending with …
How to describe steps:
i. At the beginning
ii. Then
iii. Step number 3 involves
iv. Next,
v. The final stage is … /finally
Grammar for writing task 1: (structures)
5. Basic structure:
a. Extra info + main sentence
b. Main Sentence + extra info
c. Extra info + main sentence + extra info
d. Main sentence

6. Compared to/with:
Structure: sentence + data + compared with + data
Examples: 750,000 visitors stayed on cruise ship,
compared to 250,000 visitors who stayed on the island.
7. With:
i. With +
noun/numbers/number/figures/figure/percentage +
‘ing’ (if active)
 ii. With +
noun/numbers/number/percentage/figures/figure +
only past participle of verb (if passive)
iii. With + numbers/figures/percentages/ratios +at +
(figure)
Structure:
 A sentence + with (phrase)
 With (phrase) + a sentence
Examples:
i. Turkey spent most on food, drinks and tobacco, with
the percentage at 32.14.

ii. The population in Japan started to decrease, with the

figure now standing at 130 million.
iii. The consumption of chicken gradually increased,
with 300 grams eaten by per person per month in
2007.

8. subject + see/go through/experience/have + a

rise/fall/increase/decrease/drop (fluctuations)
i. Subject + saw/went through/experienced + a
rise/fall.
ii. Subject + will see/go through/experience + a
rise/fall.
Examples:
i. The level of donations from the 26-35 age group
experienced a decrease from 31% to 21%.
9. From … to
ii. Subject +
riseꙞ/growꙞ/increaseꙞ/soarꙞꙞ/drop/tank/plum
met from (figure) in (year) to (figure) in (year)
iii. Subject +
rose/grew/increased/decreased/fell/dropped from
(figure) in (year) to (figure) in (year)
iv. Subject + will rise/grow/increase from (figure) in
(year) to (figure) in (year)
Examples:
i. Coffee sales in the UK rose/soared from 1.5 million
euros in 1999 to 20 million in 2004.
10. By + past year
i. Past perfect
ii. Some teachers use past indefinite
By + past year = past perfect tense (subject + had + past
participle of verb)
অখিকভাখবই সংেযা বা ডাটা বিিা ে করা যায়। যমে
অতীখতর একামিক year োখক একটা data, ' in +past year'
মেখয় এবং আখরকটট data ‘by +past year’ মেখয় বর্িা
ে করা
যায়। দয data ‘by + past year’ মেখয় বর্িা
ে করখবা দসই
দসখেন্স টট past perfect এ বসখব
Example:
i. Coffee sales in the UK in 1999 was 1.5 million euros.
However, by 2004, the figure had risen to 20 million.
11. Accordingly, respectively:
i. item 1 + item 2 = data of item 1 + data of item 2
accordingly/ respectively.
ii. Item 1 + item 2 + item 3 = data of item1 + data of
item 2 + data of item 3 accordingly/respectively.
iii. Sandy + Jack = Sandy’s data + Jack’s data +
accordingly/respectively
iv. Sandy + Jack + Mithila = Sandy’s data + Jack’s data
+ Mithila’s data + accordingly/respectively
12. By + (difference of data)

Example:
i. The numbers of bus and train commuters were around
4 and 2 million accordingly in 1970.

13. The former + the latter:

i. The first entity means the former.
 ii. The second entity means the latter.
Examples:
i. Natural gas and coal provided 20 and 16 qu
respectively in 1980. Over the next five years, the
former showed a decrease in use but the latter
showed a small rise.
ii. Lamb and chicken were consumed in similar
quantities in 1979. By 2004, the popularity of the
former had dropped, but the consumption of the
latter had risen to around 250 grams per person per
week.
iii. Bus and train carried around 4 and 2 million
commuters accordingly in 1970. However, by 2030,
the former is expected to carry fewer passengers
than the latter.
First: India = the former
Second: Japan = the latter
First one = the former
Second one = the latter
 a. In 1971, coal and gas produced 20 and 30 billion units
of electricity accordingly. The former (coal) initially
showed a slight decline but the latter (gas) a rapid rise.
b. In 1971, coal and gas produced 20 and 30 billion units
of electricity accordingly. The former (coal) initially
showed a slight decline but he latter (gas) showed a
rapid rise.
Starting off:
 Year at the beginning
 Percentage/number
 Subject … year at the end.
 Preposition
 People/users/consumers/country
Ending year:
i. In 2010
ii. By 2010
iii. At the end of the period in question
Example:
 In 1979, per person chicken consumption was below
150 grams but it reached 250 grams at the end of the
period in question.
 In 1979, per person chicken consumption was less than
150 grams but it reached 250 grams in 2004.
  In 1979, per person chicken consumption was less than
150 grams but by 2004, it had reached 250 grams.
 Per person chicken consumption was below 150 grams
in 1979 but at the end of the period it reached 250
grams.

Time span:
i. Between … and …
ii. From … to …
iii. Over a span/period of … (total difference in years)

Between 1979 and 2004,

From 1979 to 2004,
Over a span of 25 years,
Between 1980 and 2010
From 1980 to 2010
Over a span of 25 years
Over a span of next 25 years,
From 1970 to 2000,
Between 1970 and 2000,
Over a span of next 30 years,
Starting off sentences:
i. Year at the beginning
ii. Year at the end
iii. Percentage/number
iv. Preposition: over a period of 100 years,
v. People/users/consumers/country: Belgium

Item Year 1999 Year 2004 Difference

Switzerland 15 47 32 (47-15)

14. By + (difference between two numbers)

Example:
i. In 1980, petrol and oil provided 35 qu of electricity.
ii. In 1980, petrol and oil provided 35 qu of electricity.
By 2030, the figure will rise by 15 qu.
iii. In 2000, half of Yemen’s population were less than
15 years old. After 50 years from then, this figure
will drop by 13%.
iv. Between 1979 and 2004, per person chicken
consumption rose by around100 grams.
v. Between 1979 and 2004, per person chicken
consumption rose to around 250 grams.

15. To + Final destination

i. From 2001 to 2006, average yearly expenditure (on
cell phones) increased to about $500.
ii. Figures for fixed line services dropped to $500.
iii. In Switzerland, banana sales rose to 47 million euros
in 2004.
Writing an introduction:
We will simple paraphrase:
It is written in present sense.
1. Simple = complex
2. Active = passive
3. Change the form of the word
 4. Synonym

The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade-

labelled coffee and bananas in 1999 and 2004 in five
European countries.
Below = out
The two tables provide data on Fairtrade-labelled coffee
and bananas sales in the years 1999 and 2004 in five
nations in Europe.

The first chart below shows how energy is used in an

average Australian household. The second chart shows the
greenhouse gas emissions which result from this energy
use.
The two pie charts show how energy is utilized and
emissions of greenhouse gas resulting from this use in a
typical Australian family.
Body paragraph:
For highest:
16. It is Japan which stands out as + verb + ‘ing’ more
+ noun + than any other countries on the chart.
 17. Subject + is/was/are/were the highest throughout
the period, rising from (figure) in (starting year) to
(figure) in (ending year)
18. Subject + is, are, was, were + the dominant
source/s throughout the period.
19. Subject + is, are, was, were + by far the most
popular …
20. Subject + use/utilise … as its main …
21. Peaks occur …
22. Subject accounts for the majority of …
23. Subject is the most common …
Examples:
i. Car is the dominant way of transportation for the
commuters throughout the period.
ii. Car is the highest form of transportation throughout
the period, rising from 5 million commuters in 1970
to almost 9 million in 2030.
iii. Local fixed line calls were the dominant throughout
the period.

For lowest:
 It is Japan which stands out as + verb + ‘ing’ + less
than the others.
 Subject + is/was/are/were the lowest throughout the
period, rising from 5 in (starting year) to 50 in (ending
year)
  Subject + is, are, was, were + the lowest source/s
throughout the period.
 Subject + have/has/had the lowest proportion or
percentage, at only
 … and this figure is the highest on the chart.
 Subject is a minor
 Subject accounts for the lowest …
 Subject contributed the least at only (number/figure)

Other types of sentences

Examples:
 1. Sales/figures/numbers/percentage
doubled/tripled/quadrupled/halved/more than
doubled/more than halved.
2. There was a decrease in (noun), from (figure) in
(year) to (figure) in (year)
3. There was a decrease of (figure – figure).
4. Sales growth slowed.
5. Japan showed an upward trend.
6. Transactions/figures went from 5 to 50, making it
the first/second/third
7. There was a downward trend.
8. The figures continued to fluctuate.
9. The number stood at …
10. The numbers/figures followed a similar trend.
11. Subject went to/on …
12. The figure stands/stood/will stand … with
13. The figure/number/percentage peaked before
falling. (সখবাচ্চ
ে হবার পর কিখত োখক)
14. The figure/number/percentage went to a low of
(figure) before rising. (সবমিম্ন
ে হবার পর বাড়খত
োখক)
15. The figure/number/percentage went to a high of
(figure) in (year) before falling.

Examples:
 i. The percentage of very satisfied visitors more than
doubled, from 15 to 35%.
ii. The percentage of very satisfied visitors more than
doubled, from 15 to 35%.
iii. The number of visitors who were dissatisfied with
their visit more than halved.
iv. The number of visitors who were dissatisfied with
their visit more than halved.
v. Very dissatisfied visitor number halved.

Comparison:
1. There was a marginal decrease, but after that the trend
was upward.
Similarities:
1. Japan and China show a similar pattern.
2. Figures in Japan and China are similar.
3. The patterns are similar.
4. Japan and China equalled.
5. Japan and China have similar averages.
Differences:
1. Japan and China showed different patterns.
2. Contrasting figures were seen in Japan and China.
3. The cost/figure for Japan showed an opposite trend.
 4. Figures overtook figures.
Average:
1. Sales/figures ranged from 5 to 10.
2. Sales averaged 6.5.
Sales/figures ranged from 5 to 10.
Comparison vocabularies:
Contrasting:
Although, though, but, while, whereas, compared to, in
contrast, by contrast, despite, in spite of, however, on the
other hand, as opposed to
Example:
 Japan saw a fall in its defence budget, whereas the
USA raised its military spending.
 Although Japan saw a fall in its defence budget, the
USA raised its military spending.
 Japan had an elderly population of 10%, compared to
7% in Sweden.
Comparing (matching)
And, likewise, similarly, in the same way, as well as, also.
Future prediction:
1. This is expected to continue, reaching 50 billion in
2050.
2. It is projected to reach 50% in 2050.
3. It is estimated to rise to 50% in 2050.
4. It is expected to remain stable at 50% from 2040 to
2090.
5. It is expected to maintain this level until 2090.
6. It is expected …
7. It is predicted…
8. It is projected…
9. It is forecast…

For Map:
Structure:
i. adverb of place + direct main verb + subject
ii. there is a …, with … in the north, … in the south,
… in the north east and a … to the right of the ...
iii. There is
iv. There stands
v. Subject stands…
vi. What was a … is now a …
vii. What is a … will be a …
viii. Something replaced something else.
 ix. Something was replaced by something else.
Passive: to be verb (am, is, are, was, were, be, been,
being) + past participle of verb
For map:
 Features added
 Features deleted
 Features remaining unchanged
Body paragraphs
Body paragraph 1: first map
Body paragraph 2: second map and comparison
A few more things about maps:
i. A lot of passive senses
ii. Some active verbs
Diagram:
i. It is one of the easiest.
ii. You need to describe what is given.
iii. Use a lot of passive verbs
iv. Look how many steps or stages there are.
v. Use present sense/ occasionally present perfect

Cycle:
 i. The cycle starts anew.
ii. The cycle begins again.

Overview:
i. how many steps or stages or phrase there are.
ii. Beginning and ending step or stage or phrase
iii. How many are here and how many are there

Introduction:
Paraphrasing:
Year:
i. From … to …
ii. Between … and …
iii. Over a period of …
iv. In the years 1981, 1991 and 2001
v. In the years 1981 and 2001
Connecting words:
as far as … is/are concerned.